Nkuko twese tubizi, amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe mu Bushinwa agizwe ahanini n'ibice by'isi bidasanzwe, muri byo lanthanum na cerium bingana na 60%. Hamwe no kwaguka kwisi bidasanzwe ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya luminescent, ifu yubutaka budasanzwe hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe munganda zicururizwamo metallurgie mubushinwa uko umwaka utashye, icyifuzo cyubutaka buciriritse kandi buremereye ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu nabwo buragenda bwiyongera.Byateje ikibazo kinini cy’ubutaka bworoshye cyane butagaragara nka Ce, La na Pr, biganisha ku busumbane bukabije hagati y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’Ubushinwa. Byagaragaye ko urumuri rudasanzwe rw'isi rwerekana imikorere myiza ya catalitiki no gukora neza mubikorwa bya chimique bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwa 4f electron shell shell. Kubwibyo, Gukoresha isi yoroheje nkibikoresho bya catalitiki ninzira nziza yo gukoresha byimazeyo umutungo wisi udasanzwe. Catalyst ni ubwoko bwibintu bishobora kwihutisha imiti kandi ntibikoreshwa mbere na nyuma yo kubyitwaramo. Gushimangira ubushakashatsi bwibanze bw’ubutaka budasanzwe ntibishobora kuzamura umusaruro gusa, ahubwo binabika umutungo n’ingufu no kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, bijyanye n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere rirambye.
Kuki ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bifite ibikorwa bya catalitiki?
Ibintu bidakunze kubaho ku isi bifite imiterere yihariye ya elegitoroniki (4f), ikora nka atome yo hagati yikigo kandi ikagira nimero itandukanye yo guhuza kuva kuri 6 kugeza 12. Guhindura umubare wimibare yibintu bidasanzwe byisi byerekana ko bifite "agaciro gasigara". Kuberako 4f ifite ibyuma birindwi bya backup valence electron orbitals ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza, igira uruhare rwa "backup chimique bond" cyangwa "ibisigisigi bya valence" .Ubu bushobozi burakenewe kugirango umusemburo usanzwe. Kubwibyo, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka ntibifite ibikorwa bya catalitiki gusa, ahubwo birashobora no gukoreshwa nkinyongeramusaruro cyangwa cokatisiti kugirango bitezimbere imikorere ya catalizike, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gusaza nubushobozi bwo kurwanya uburozi.
Kugeza ubu, uruhare rwa nano cerium oxyde na nano lanthanum oxyde mu kuvura imyuka y’imodoka rwabaye ikintu gishya.
Ibice byangiza mumashanyarazi ahanini birimo CO, HC na NOx. Ubutaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa mubutaka budasanzwe bwimodoka itanga isuku cyane ni uruvange rwa cerium oxyde, oxyde ya praseodymium na oxyde ya lanthanum. Ubutaka budasanzwe bwimodoka itanga isuku igizwe na oxyde igoye yisi idasanzwe na cobalt, manganese na gurş. Nubwoko bwa catalizike ya ternary hamwe na perovskite, ubwoko bwa spinel nuburyo, aho oxyde cerium aricyo kintu cyingenzi. Bitewe na redox iranga oxyde cerium, ibice bya gaze ya gaze irashobora kugenzurwa neza.
Imashini isohora ibinyabiziga bigizwe ahanini nubuki bwikibumbano ceramic (cyangwa ibyuma) hamwe nubuso bukora hejuru. Igikoresho gikoreshwa kigizwe nubuso bunini γ-Al2O3, urugero rwiza rwa okiside kugirango ihagarike ubuso hamwe nicyuma gikora catalitiki ikwirakwizwa muri kashe. Kugirango ugabanye ikoreshwa rya pt na RH bihenze, kongera ikoreshwa rya Pd ihendutse kandi ugabanye igiciro cya catalizator, Mugihe cyo kutagabanya imikorere ya catalizike yo gutunganya ibinyabiziga biva mu modoka, umubare munini wa CeO2 na La2O3 wongeyeho mubikoresho byo gutwika ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa na catalizike yubutaka idasanzwe. La2O3 (UG-La01) na CeO2 byakoreshejwe nka porotokoro kugirango bongere imikorere ya γ- Al2O3 bashyigikiwe nicyuma cyiza cyane. Nk’ubushakashatsi, CeO2, Uburyo bukuru bwa La2O3 muri catalizaires nziza nicyuma gikurikira:
1. Ongeraho CeO2 (UG-Ce01) muri Pt / γ-Al2O3 irashobora gukwirakwira kuri γ-Al2O3 murwego rumwe (umubare ntarengwa wo gutatanya umurongo umwe ni 0.035g CeO2 / g γ-Al2O3), uhindura imiterere yubuso bwa γ-Al2O3 kandi ukazamura urwego rwo gukwirakwiza kurwego rwa Pt.Iyo CeO2 hejuru. Ikwirakwizwa rya CeO2 ninziza nziza ya CeO2. Mu kirere cya okiside iri hejuru ya 600 ℃, Rh itakaza imbaraga zayo kubera igisubizo gikomeye hagati ya Rh2O3 na Al2O3. Kubaho kwa CeO2 bizagabanya reaction hagati ya Rh na Al2O3 kandi bikomeze gukora Rh. La2O3 (UG-La01) irashobora kandi gukumira imikurire ya Pt ultrafine.Kongeraho CeO2 na La2O3 (UG-La01) kuri Pd / γ 2al2o3, byagaragaye ko iyongerwaho rya CeO2 ryateje imbere gukwirakwiza Pd kubitwara kandi bigabanya kugabanya imbaraga. Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya Pd n'imikoranire yayo na CeO2 kuri Pd / γ2Al2O3 nurufunguzo rwibikorwa byinshi bya catalizator.
2. Birakenewe guhindura igipimo cya lisansi yumwuka nikigereranyo cya stoichiometric ya 1415 ~ 1416, kugirango cataliste ibashe gukina byuzuye mumikorere yayo yo kweza.CeO2 ni impinduka ya valence oxyde (Ce4 + ΠCe3 +), ifite imiterere ya semiconductor yo mu bwoko bwa N, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ogisijeni nziza. Iyo igipimo cya A π F gihindutse, CeO2 irashobora kugira uruhare runini muguhindura byimazeyo igipimo cya peteroli. Ni ukuvuga, O2 irekurwa iyo lisansi irenze kugirango ifashe CO na hydrocarubone okiside; Mugihe habaye umwuka mwinshi, CeO2-x igira uruhare mukugabanya kandi ikorana na NOx kugirango ikure NOx muri gaze ya gaze kugirango ibone CeO2.
3. La2O3 irashobora kunoza igipimo cyo guhinduka mumyuka yimuka ya gazi yamazi hamwe na hydrocarubone ivugurura ibyuka.Hodorène yakozwe ningirakamaro mukugabanya NOx. Wongeyeho La2O3 kuri Pd / CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 kugirango methanol ibore, byagaragaye ko kongeramo La2O3 byabujije ishyirwaho ryibicuruzwa dimethyl ether kandi binonosora ibikorwa bya catalitiki ya catalizator. Iyo ibiri muri La2O3 ari 10%, catalizator igira ibikorwa byiza kandi methanol ihinduka igera kuri byinshi (hafi 91.4%). Ibi birerekana ko La2O3 ifite itandukaniro ryiza kubatwara γ-Al2O3.Ikindi kandi, yateje imbere ikwirakwizwa rya CeO2 kuri γ2Al2O3 itwara no kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni mwinshi, bikarushaho kunoza ikwirakwizwa rya Pd ndetse binarushaho kunoza imikoranire hagati ya Pd na CeO2, bityo bitezimbere ibikorwa bya catalitiki ya catalizike yo kubora methanol.
Ukurikije ibiranga kurengera ibidukikije muri iki gihe hamwe n’uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ingufu, Ubushinwa bugomba guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubutaka bidasanzwe by’ubutaka bifite uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite w’ubwenge, bigashyira mu bikorwa neza umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ry’ibikoresho bya catalitiki, kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku buhanga nk’ubutaka budasanzwe, ibidukikije n’ingufu nshya.
Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bitangwa n’uru ruganda birimo nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminium hydroxide, nano zinc oxyde, nano silicon oxyde, nano magnesium oxyde, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano umuringa oxyde, nano cerium oxyde, nano cerium oxyde, nano lanthanum oxyde antibacterial agent na graphene. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa burahagaze, kandi bwaguzwe mubice byimishinga myinshi.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022