Gukoresha Isi Ntibisanzwe Mubikoresho Byuzuye

Gushyira mu bikorwaNtibisanzwe Isimu Bikoresho
Ntibisanzwe isi ifite imiterere ya 4f idasanzwe, umwanya munini wa magnetiki ya atome, guhuza imbaraga hamwe nibindi biranga. Mugihe cyo gukora ibice hamwe nibindi bintu, umubare wabyo uhuza urashobora gutandukana kuva kuri 6 kugeza 12. Ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byisi bifite imiterere itandukanye ya kirisiti. Imiterere yihariye yumubiri nubumara byubutaka budasanzwe bituma ikoreshwa cyane mugushongesha ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge nicyuma kitagira ferro, ibirahuri bidasanzwe hamwe nubutaka bukomeye cyane, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ibikoresho byo kubika hydrogène, ibikoresho bya luminescent na laser, ibikoresho bya kirimbuzi , hamwe nindi mirima. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryibikoresho byinshi, ikoreshwa ryisi idasanzwe naryo ryagutse kugeza murwego rwibikoresho, bikurura abantu benshi mugutezimbere imiterere yimiterere hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye.

Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwisi budasanzwe mugutegura ibikoresho byinshi birimo: ① kongerahoubutaka budasanzweguhimba ibikoresho; Ongeraho muburyo bwaisi idasanzweKuri Ibikoresho; ③ Polimeri yikubye cyangwa ihujwe nubutaka budasanzwe muri polymers ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya matrix mubikoresho byinshi. Muburyo butatu bwavuzwe haruguru budasanzwe bwo gukoresha isi, uburyo bubiri bwa mbere bwongewemo cyane mubyuma bya matrix, mugihe icya gatatu gikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri polymer matrix, hamwe na ceramic matrix compte yongeweho muburyo bwa kabiri.

Ntibisanzwecyane cyane ikora matrike yicyuma na ceramic matrix ikomatanya muburyo bwinyongeramusaruro, stabilisateur, hamwe ninyongeramusaruro, kuzamura cyane imikorere yabo, kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro, no gutuma inganda zayo zishoboka.

Kwiyongera kubintu bidasanzwe byisi nkibintu byongeweho mubikoresho bigizwe ahanini bigira uruhare mukuzamura imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho hamwe no guteza imbere gutunganya ibinyampeke bya matrix. Uburyo bwibikorwa nuburyo bukurikira.

Kunoza ubushuhe hagati ya matrix yicyuma nicyiciro cyo gushimangira. Electronegativite yibintu bidasanzwe byisi biri hasi cyane (ntoya ya electronegativite yibyuma, niko ikora electronegativite idafite ubutare). Kurugero, La ni 1.1, Ce ni 1.12, na Y ni 1.22. Electronegativite yicyuma gisanzwe Fe ni 1.83, Ni ni 1.91, na Al ni 1.61. Kubwibyo, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka bizahitamo adsorb kumupaka wibinyampeke byicyuma cya matrix nicyiciro cyo gushimangira mugihe cyo gushonga, kugabanya ingufu za interineti, kongera imirimo yo gufatira hamwe, kugabanya inguni, bityo bikazamura ubushuhe hagati ya matrix. icyiciro cyo gushimangira. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kongeramo La element muri matrix ya aluminiyumu bitezimbere neza amazi ya AlO na aluminiyumu, kandi bigateza imbere microstructure yibikoresho.

Guteza imbere gutunganya ibinyampeke bya matrix. Ihindagurika ryisi idasanzwe muri kristu yicyuma ni nto, kubera ko radiyo ya atome yibintu bidasanzwe byisi ari nini, kandi radiyo ya atome ya matrise yicyuma ni nto. Kwinjira mubintu bidasanzwe byisi bifite radiyo nini muri matrise ya matrix bizatera kugoreka lattice, bizamura ingufu za sisitemu. Kugirango ubungabunge ingufu nkeya, atome zidasanzwe zisi zirashobora gukungahaza gusa kumipaka yintete zidasanzwe, ibyo bikaba bimwe mubibuza gukura kwubusa bwimbuto za matrix. Muri icyo gihe, ibintu bidasanzwe bikungahaye ku isi bizanatanga adsorb ibindi bintu bivanze, byongere imbaraga yibintu bya alloy element, bitera ibice byaho bitarimo ubukonje, kandi byongera imbaraga za nucleogeneque nucleation ya matrike yicyuma. Byongeye kandi, gukonjesha guterwa no gutandukanya ibice bishobora nanone guteza imbere kwibumbira hamwe kandi bigahinduka uduce duto duto twa nucleation, bityo bigateza imbere gutunganya ingano za matrix.

Ify Sukura imbibi. Bitewe nubusabane bukomeye hagati yisi idasanzwe nibintu nka O, S, P, N, nibindi, ingufu zisanzwe zubusa zo gukora okiside, sulfide, fosifike, na nitride ni nke. Izi mvange zifite aho zishonga cyane nubucucike buke, zimwe murizo zishobora kuvanwaho zireremba hejuru y’amazi avanze, mugihe izindi zigabanijwe neza mu ngano, bikagabanya gutandukanya umwanda ku mbibi z’ingano, bityo bigasukura imbibi z’ingano kandi kuzamura imbaraga.

Twabibutsa ko, kubera ibikorwa byinshi hamwe no gushonga gake kwubutaka budasanzwe bwisi, iyo byongewe kumyuma ya matrix, ibyuma byabo na ogisijeni bigomba kugenzurwa byumwihariko mugihe cyo kongeramo.

Umubare munini wimikorere wagaragaje ko kongeramo okiside yisi idasanzwe nka stabilisateur, infashanyo yo gucumura, hamwe na doping modifiseri kuri matrix itandukanye hamwe na ceramic matrix compte irashobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga nubukomezi bwibikoresho, bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwabyo, bityo bikagabanya ibiciro byumusaruro. Uburyo nyamukuru bwibikorwa byabwo nuburyo bukurikira.

① Nka nyongeramusaruro, irashobora guteza imbere gucumura no kugabanya ububobere mubikoresho byinshi. Kwiyongera kwinyongeramusaruro nugukora icyiciro cyamazi mubushyuhe bwinshi, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwokugabanuka kwibikoresho bikomatanyije, bikabuza kwangirika kwubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibikoresho mugihe cyo gucumura, no kubona ibikoresho byinshi byuzuzanya binyuze mumashanyarazi. Bitewe no guhagarara gukomeye, guhindagurika kwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe no gushonga no guteka hejuru ya oxyde yisi idasanzwe, birashobora gukora ibyiciro byibirahure hamwe nibindi bikoresho fatizo kandi bigateza imbere gucumura, bikabongerera imbaraga. Muri icyo gihe, okiside yisi idasanzwe irashobora kandi gukora igisubizo gikomeye hamwe na materique ceramic, ishobora kubyara inenge za kirisiti imbere, gukora latike no guteza imbere gucumura.

Kunoza microstructure no gutunganya ingano yingano. Bitewe nuko hiyongereyeho oxyde yisi idasanzwe ibaho cyane cyane kumupaka wimbuto za matrix, kandi kubera ubwinshi bwazo, okiside yisi idasanzwe irwanya kwimuka kwimiterere, kandi ikanabuza kwimuka kwizindi ion, bityo bikagabanya u umuvuduko wimuka wimbibi zintete, kubuza gukura kwintete, no kubuza gukura kudasanzwe kwintete mugihe cyizuba ryinshi. Bashobora kubona ibinyampeke bito kandi bimwe, bifasha gushiraho imiterere yuzuye; Kurundi ruhande, mugukwirakwiza oxyde yisi idasanzwe, binjira mubice byimbibi byimbibi byikirahure, bikongerera imbaraga icyiciro cyikirahure bityo bakagera kuntego yo kuzamura imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho.

Ibintu bidakunze kubaho mubutaka bwa polymer matrix bigira ingaruka cyane cyane mugutezimbere imiterere ya polymer matrix. Ntibisanzwe okiside yisi irashobora kongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa polymers, mugihe karubisi yisi idasanzwe irashobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa polyvinyl chloride. Doping polystirene hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe burashobora kunoza ituze rya polystirene kandi bikongerera imbaraga imbaraga zayo ningufu.