Ubu Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa 80% bya neodymium-praseodymium ku isi, ikomatanya ubutare budasanzwe bwingirakamaro mu gukora imbaraga za rukuruzi zihoraho.
Izi magneti zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yimodoka (EV), bityo impinduramatwara iteganijwe ya EV izakenera ibikoresho biva mubucukuzi budasanzwe.
Buri moteri ya EV isaba kugeza kuri 2kg ya neodymium-praseodymium oxyde - ariko megawatt eshatu itwara umuyaga wa turbine ikoresha 600kg. Neodymium-praseodymium iri no mubice byawe bikonjesha ku biro cyangwa kurukuta rwurugo.
Ariko, nk'uko bamwe babiteganya, Ubushinwa buzakenera mu myaka mike iri imbere kuzaba butumiza mu mahanga neodymium-praseodymium - kandi nk'uko bigaragara, Ositaraliya nicyo gihugu gihagaze neza kugira ngo cyuzuze icyo cyuho.
Turashimira Lynas Corporation (ASX: LYC), iki gihugu kimaze kuba icya kabiri ku isi mu gutanga umusaruro w’ubutaka budasanzwe, nubwo kigitanga igice gito cy’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa. Ariko, hariho byinshi byo kuza.
Amasosiyete ane yo muri Ositaraliya afite imishinga yinyuma yisi itera imbere, aho yibanze kuri neodymium-praseodymium nkibisohoka byingenzi. Bitatu muri byo biherereye muri Ositaraliya naho icya kane muri Tanzaniya.
Twongeyeho, dufite amabuye y'agaciro yo mu majyaruguru (ASX: NTU) hamwe n’ibintu byinshi byashakishijwe cyane ku isi bidasanzwe (HREE), dysprosium na terbium, biganje mu isi idasanzwe mu mushinga wa Browns Range mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya.
Mu bandi bakinnyi, Amerika ifite ikirombe cya Mountain Pass, ariko ibyo bishingiye ku Bushinwa mu gutunganya umusaruro wabyo.
Hariho indi mishinga itandukanye yo muri Amerika ya ruguru, ariko ntanumwe ushobora gufatwa nkuwiteguye kubaka.
Ubuhinde, Vietnam, Burezili n'Uburusiya bitanga umusaruro muke; hari ikirombe gikora mu Burundi, ariko nta na kimwe muri ibyo gifite ubushobozi bwo gushinga inganda z’igihugu zifite misa ikomeye mu gihe gito.
Amabuye y'agaciro yo mu majyaruguru yagombaga kwikinisha mu ruganda rw’icyitegererezo rwa Browns Range muri WA mu gihe gito kubera ko leta yabujije ingendo zashyizweho bitewe na virusi ya COVID-19, ariko isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa byiza.
Alkane Resources (ASX: ALK) yibanda cyane kuri zahabu muriyi minsi kandi irateganya gutesha agaciro umushinga w’ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga bya Dubbo igihe ihungabana ry’isoko ry’imigabane rimaze kugabanuka. Igikorwa kizacuruza ukundi nka Australiya Strategic Metals.
Dubbo yiteguye kubakwa: ifite ibyemezo byayo byose byingenzi byemewe na leta na leta kandi Alkane ikorana na Zirconium Technology Corp (Ziron) yo muri Koreya yepfo kubaka uruganda rukora ibyuma bisukuye i Daejeon, umujyi wa gatanu muri Koreya yepfo.
Kubitsa kwa Dubbo ni 43% zirconium, 10% hafnium, 30% isi idasanzwe na 17% niobium. Isosiyete idasanzwe yisi yibanze ni neodymium-praseodymium.
Ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga bya Hastings (ASX: HAS) bifite umushinga wa Yangibana, uherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Carnarvon muri WA. Ifite ibidukikije bihuriweho n’ibidukikije ku birombe byafunguye uruganda rutunganya.
Hastings irateganya kuba mu musaruro mu 2022 hamwe n’umwaka wa 3,400t ya neodymium-praseodymium. Ibi, wongeyeho dysprosium na terbium, bigamije gutanga umusaruro wa 92% byumushinga.
Hastings yagiranye amasezerano y’imyaka 10 n’Ubudage Schaeffler, ukora ibicuruzwa by’ibyuma, ariko ibi biganiro byatinze kubera ingaruka za virusi ya COVID-19 ku nganda z’imodoka z’Abadage. Habayeho kandi ibiganiro na ThyssenKrupp hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa ba offtake b'Abashinwa.
Umutungo wa Arafura (ASX: ARU) watangiye ubuzima kuri ASX mu 2003 nkumukino wamabuye y'icyuma ariko bidatinze uhindura inzira umaze kubona umushinga wa Nolans muntara y'Amajyaruguru.
Noneho, iteganya ko Nolans agira ubuzima bwimyaka 33 kandi ikabyara 4.335t ya neodymium-praseodymium kumwaka.
Isosiyete yavuze ko ari cyo gikorwa cyonyine muri Ositaraliya gifite uburenganzira bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, gucukura no gutandukanya isi idasanzwe, harimo no gutunganya imyanda ya radiyo.
Isosiyete yibasiye Ubuyapani kugurisha neodymium-praseodymium offtake kandi ifite amahitamo ya hegitari 19 muri Teesside y’Ubwongereza kubaka uruganda rutunganya.
Ikibanza cya Teesside kiremewe rwose none isosiyete irategereje gusa uruhushya rwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro rutangwa na guverinoma ya Tanzaniya, icyifuzo cya nyuma gisabwa kugirango umushinga wa Ngualla.
Mu gihe Arafura yashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubwumvikane n’amashyaka abiri yo mu Bushinwa ya offtake, ibiganiro biheruka gushimangira ko “kwishora mu bikorwa by’abakiriya” byibanda ku bakoresha neodymium-praseodymium bitajyanye n’ingamba za 'Made in China 2025', akaba ari igishushanyo mbonera cya Beijing cyari kubona Igihugu 70% cyihagije mubicuruzwa byubuhanga buhanitse imyaka itanu niyo mpamvu - nintambwe ikomeye iganisha ku isi yose kuganza inganda zikoranabuhanga.
Arafura hamwe n’andi masosiyete bazi neza ko Ubushinwa bugenzura byinshi mu bihugu bitanga isi ku isi - kandi Ositaraliya hamwe na Amerika hamwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bemera iterabwoba ryatewe n’ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa bwo gukumira imishinga itari iy'Ubushinwa kuva hasi.
Pekin itera inkunga ibikorwa bidasanzwe byisi kugirango abayikora bashobore kugenzura ibiciro - kandi amasosiyete y abashinwa arashobora kuguma mubucuruzi mugihe amasosiyete atari mubushinwa adashobora gukorera mubidukikije.
Igurishwa rya Neodymium-praseodymium ryiganjemo urutonde rw’Ubushinwa ruri ku rutonde rw’Ubushinwa Rare Rare Earth Group, rumwe mu mishinga itandatu igenzurwa na leta ikora ubucukuzi bw’ubutaka budasanzwe mu Bushinwa.
Mugihe ibigo byumuntu ku giti cye bimenya urwego rushobora kuvunika ndetse no kubona inyungu, abatanga imari bakunda kwibumbira hamwe.
Ibiciro bya Neodymium-praseodymium kuri ubu biri munsi ya US $ 40 / kg (A $ 61 / kg), ariko imibare y’inganda ivuga ko izakenera ikintu cyegereye US $ 60 / kg (A $ 92 / kg) kugirango irekure inshinge zikenewe mu guteza imbere imishinga.
Mubyukuri, no hagati y’ubwoba bwa COVID-19, Ubushinwa bwashoboye kuvugurura umusaruro w’ubutaka budasanzwe, muri Werurwe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 19.2% ku mwaka ku mwaka kuri 5.541t - umubare munini w’ukwezi kuva 2014.
Lynas kandi yari afite imibare ihamye yo gutanga muri Werurwe. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, isi idasanzwe ya okiside yasohotse yose hamwe 4.465t.
Ubushinwa bwahagaritse inganda nyinshi zidasanzwe ku isi muri Mutarama ndetse no muri Gashyantare kubera ikwirakwizwa rya virusi.
Peak yagiriye inama abanyamigabane mu mpera za Mata ati: "Abitabiriye isoko bategereje bihanganye kuko nta muntu numwe usobanukiwe neza ejo hazaza."
Ryagira riti: "Byongeye kandi, byumvikane ko ku rwego rw'ibiciro biriho ubu inganda zidasanzwe ku Bushinwa zikora ku nyungu iyo ari yo yose".
Ibiciro kubintu bitandukanye bidasanzwe byisi biratandukanye, byerekana isoko bikenewe. Kugeza ubu, isi itangwa cyane na lanthanum na cerium; hamwe n'abandi, ntabwo ari byinshi.
Hasi nigiciro cya Mutarama ishusho - imibare yumuntu ku giti cye izaba yarimutse gato inzira imwe cyangwa indi, ariko imibare yerekana itandukaniro ryinshi mubiciro. Ibiciro byose ni US $ kuri kg.
Okiside ya Lanthanum - 1.69 oxyde ya Cerium - 1.65 oxyde ya Samarium - 1.79 oxyde Yttrium - 2.87 Ytterbium oxyde - 20.66 Okiside ya Erbium - 22.60 oxyde ya Gadolinium - 23.68 Okiside ya Neodymium - 41,76 oxyde ya 44.48 Okiside ya Dysprosium - 251.11 Okiside ya Terbium - 506.53 Oxide ya Lutetium - 571.10
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022