Gukuramo Barium

(1) Gutegura oxyde ya barium 

Amabuye meza yo mu bwoko bwa barite agomba kubanza gutoranywa intoki no kureremba, hanyuma ibyuma na silikoni bikavaho kugirango bibone intumbero irimo sulfate irenga 96%. Ifu yubutare ifite ubunini buke butarenze 20 mesh ivangwa namakara cyangwa ifu ya kokiya ya peteroli muburemere bwa 4: 1, hanyuma ikotsa kuri 1100 ℃ mu itanura ryisubiraho. Barium sulfate yagabanutse kuri barium sulfide (bakunze kwita "ivu ry'umukara"), kandi igisubizo cya barium sulfide cyabonetse giterwa n'amazi ashyushye. Kugirango uhindure barium sulfide mu mvura ya bariyumu ya karubone, sodium karubone cyangwa dioxyde de carbone igomba kongerwamo igisubizo cyamazi ya barium sulfide. Okiside ya Barium irashobora kuboneka mukuvanga barium karubone nifu ya karubone hanyuma ukabibara hejuru ya 800 ℃. Twabibutsa ko oxyde ya barium ihumeka kugirango ibeho peroxide kuri 500-700 and, na barium peroxide irashobora kubora kugirango ibe oxyde ya barium kuri 700-800 ℃. Kubwibyo, kugirango wirinde umusaruro wa barium peroxide, ibicuruzwa bibarwa bigomba gukonjeshwa cyangwa kuzimwa mu rwego rwo kurinda gaze ya inert. 

(2) Uburyo bwo kugabanya Aluminothermic kugabanya kubyara barium 

Bitewe nibintu bitandukanye, hari reaction ebyiri za aluminium igabanya oxyde ya barium:

6BaO + 2Al → 3BaO • Al2O3 + 3Ba ↑

Cyangwa: 4BaO + 2Al → BaO • Al2O3 + 3Ba ↑

Kuri 1000-1200 ℃, ibyo bitekerezo byombi bitanga barium nkeya cyane, bityo pompe ya vacuum irakenewe kugirango uhore wimura imyuka ya barium iva mukarere ka reaction ya zone ya kondegene kugirango reaction ikomeze ikomeze iburyo. Ibisigara nyuma yo kubyitwaramo ni uburozi kandi bigomba kuvurwa mbere yuko bijugunywa.

Gutegura ibimera bisanzwe 

(1) Uburyo bwo gutegura barium karubone 

Method Uburyo bwa Carbone

Uburyo bwa karubone burimo cyane cyane kuvanga barite namakara mukigero runaka, kubijanjagura mu itanura ryizunguruka no kubara no kubigabanya kuri 1100-1200 ℃ kugirango babone sulfide ya barium. Dioxyde de Carbone yinjizwa muri barium sulfide yumuti wa karubone, kandi reaction niyi ikurikira:

BaS + CO2 + H2O = BaCO3 + H2S

Bariyumu ya karubone yabonetse irasukurwa, irakaraba hamwe na vacuum irayungurura, hanyuma yumishwa kandi ijanjagurwa kuri 300 ℃ kugirango ibone ibicuruzwa bya karubone byuzuye. Ubu buryo buroroshye mubikorwa kandi buke mubiciro, kubwibyo byemewe nababikora benshi.

Method Uburyo bubiri bwo kubora

Barium sulfide na karubone ya amonium ikorwa kabiri, kandi reaction niyi ikurikira:

BaS + (NH4) 2CO3 = BaCO3 + (NH4) 2S

Cyangwa barium chloride ikora na karubone ya potasiyumu, kandi reaction niyi ikurikira:

BaCl2 + K2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2KCl

Ibicuruzwa byabonetse mubisubizo noneho byogejwe, bishungurwe, byumye, nibindi kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa bya karubone byuzuye.

Method Uburyo bwa karubone

Ifu ya karubone ya Barium ikorwa n'umunyu wa amonium kugirango ubyare umunyu wa barium, kandi karubone ya amonium irasubirwamo. Umunyu wa barium ushonga wongeyeho karubone ya amonium kugirango ugabanye karubone nziza ya barum, iyungurura kandi yumishijwe kugirango ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Byongeye kandi, inzoga za nyina zabonetse zirashobora gukoreshwa. Igisubizo niki gikurikira:

BaCO3 + 2HCl = BaCl2 + H2O + CO2

BaCl2 + 2NH4OH = Ba (OH) 2 + 2NH4Cl

Ba (OH) 2 + CO2 = BaCO3 + H2O 

(2) Uburyo bwo gutegura barium titanate 

Method Uburyo bukomeye

Barium titanate irashobora kuboneka mukubara barium karubone na dioxyde ya titanium, nibindi bikoresho byose birashobora kubishyiramo. Igisubizo niki gikurikira:

TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2 ↑

Method Uburyo bwo kwigana

Barium chloride na titanium tetrachloride bivangwa kandi bigashonga ku buryo bungana, bigashyuha kugeza kuri 70 ° C, hanyuma aside ya oxyde ikongerwamo ibitonyanga kugirango ibone amazi ya barium titanyl oxalate [BaTiO (C2O4) 2 • 4H2O] imvura, yogejwe, yumishijwe, hanyuma pyrolyzed kugirango ibone tariyani. Igisubizo niki gikurikira:

BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO (C2O4) 2 • 4H2O ↓ + 6HCl

BaTiO (C2O4) 2 • 4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2 ↑ + 2CO ↑ + 4H2O

Nyuma yo gukubita aside metatitanic, hongewemo igisubizo cya barium chloride, hanyuma karubone ya amonium yongerwamo imbaraga kugirango ikore coprecipitate ya barium karubone na aside metatitanic, ibarwa kugirango ibone ibicuruzwa. Igisubizo niki gikurikira:

BaCl2 + (NH4) 2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl

H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2 ↑ + H2O 

(3) Gutegura barium chloride 

Umusaruro wa barium chloride urimo cyane cyane uburyo bwa acide hydrochloric, uburyo bwa karubone ya barium, uburyo bwa calcium chloride na magnesium chloride uburyo bukurikije uburyo butandukanye cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo.

Method Uburyo bwa aside Hydrochloric. Iyo barium sulfide ivuwe na aside hydrochloric, reaction nyamukuru ni:

BaS + 2HCI = BaCl2 + H2S ↑ + Q.