Cerium, element 58 yimbonerahamwe yigihe.
Ceriumni icyuma cyinshi cyisi kidasanzwe, kandi hamwe nibintu byavumbuwe mbere yttrium, byugurura umuryango wo kuvumbura ibindiisi idasanzweIbintu.
Mu 1803, umuhanga mu Budage Klaprott yavumbuye ikintu gishya cya okiside mu ibuye ritukura riremereye ryakozwe mu mujyi muto wa Vastras wo muri Suwede, wagaragaraga nka ocher igihe watwitse. Muri icyo gihe, abahanga mu bya shimi bo muri Suwede Bezilius na Hissinger na bo basanze oxyde y’ibintu bimwe mu bucukuzi. Kugeza mu 1875, abantu babonye cerium yicyuma muri okiside ya cerium yashongeshejwe na electrolysis.
Icyuma cya Ceriumirakora cyane kandi irashobora gutwika kugirango ikore ifu ya cerium oxyde. Cerium fer alloy ivanze nibindi bintu bidasanzwe byisi birashobora kubyara ibishashi byiza iyo bisunikishije ibintu bikomeye, bigakongeza umuriro, kandi ni ibikoresho byingenzi mubikoresho byo gutwika nk'amatara n'amashanyarazi. Bizanatwika ubwabyo, biherekejwe nibishashi byiza, byongewemo ibyuma nibindi bya Lanthanide, gusa kugirango byongere ingaruka zibi. Urushundura rukozwe muri cerium cyangwa rwinjijwemo umunyu wa cerium rushobora kongera imbaraga zo gutwika amavuta kandi rukaba imfashanyo nziza cyane yo gutwika, ishobora kuzigama lisansi. Cerium kandi ninyongera nziza yikirahure, ishobora gukurura ultraviolet nimirasire yimirasire, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubirahuri by'imodoka. Ntishobora gukumira imirasire ya ultraviolet gusa, ahubwo irashobora no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwimodoka, ikabika amashanyarazi kugirango ihumeke.
Porogaramu nyinshi za cerium zishingiye ku guhinduka hagati ya cerium trivalent na tetravalent cerium, ifite imiterere yihariye mubutaka budasanzwe. Iyi mikorere ituma cerium ibika neza kandi ikarekura ogisijeni, ishobora gukoreshwa muri selile ya lisansi ya Solid oxyde kugirango itume Redox, bityo ibone icyerekezo cyerekezo cya electron kugirango kibeho. Zeolite yatewe na cerium na lanthanum irashobora kuba umusemburo wo gucukura peteroli mugihe cyo gutunganya. Gukoresha cerium oxyde hamwe nibyuma byagaciro mumashanyarazi ya ternary catalitike ihindura irashobora guhindura imyuka ya lisansi yangiza muri azote idafite umwanda, dioxyde de carbone, namazi, bikarinda neza imyuka myinshi yangiza imyuka. Bitewe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukuramo ogisijeni, abantu barimo gushakisha uburyo bakoresha cerium oxyde nanoparticles mu kuvura antioxydeant. Sisitemu ikomeye ya lazeri yakozwe na Reta zunzubumwe zamerika irimo cerium, ishobora gukoreshwa mugutahura intwaro yibinyabuzima mugukurikirana ubunini bwa Tryptophan, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugushakisha ubuvuzi.
Kubera imiterere yihariye ya fotofiziki, cerium nayo ni cataliste ikomeye cyane, ituma bihendutseCerium (IV) oxydegutoneshwa nabahanga mubijyanye na catalizator. Ku ya 27 Nyakanga 2018, Ikinyamakuru Science cyasohoye ikintu gikomeye cyagezweho mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'itsinda rya Zuo Zhiwei wo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya kaminuza ya ShanghaiTech - biteza imbere guhindura metani n'umucyo. Urufunguzo rwo guhindura ni ugushakisha uburyo buhendutse kandi bunoze bwa Synergistic catalizike ya cerium ishingiye kuri catalizator na catalizeri ya alcool, ikemura neza ikibazo cya siyansi yo gukoresha ingufu zoroheje zo guhindura metani mubicuruzwa byamazi mubushyuhe bwicyumba mukuntambwe imwe, Itanga a igisubizo gishya, cyubukungu n’ibidukikije kugirango hahindurwe metani mubicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro byimiti, nkibicanwa bya roketi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2023