Ubushinwa bwigeze gushaka kugabanyaisi idasanzweibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko byamaganwe n'ibihugu bitandukanye. Kuki bidashoboka?
Mw'isi ya none, hamwe no kwihuta kwishyira hamwe kwisi, umubano hagati yibihugu uragenda wegera. Munsi ituje, umubano wibihugu ntabwo woroshye nkuko bigaragara. Barafatanya kandi barushanwa.
Muri ibi bihe, intambara ntikiri inzira nziza yo gukemura amakimbirane n’amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu. Kenshi na kenshi, ibihugu bimwe bishora mu ntambara zitagaragara n’ibindi bihugu bibuza kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ubukungu hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ubukungu kugira ngo bigere ku ntego zabyo.
Kubwibyo, kugenzura umutungo bisobanura kugenzura urwego runaka rwibikorwa, kandi nibyingenzi kandi bidasubirwaho umutungo uriho, niko ibikorwa bigenda byiyongera. Muri iki gihe,isi idasanzweni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bifatika ku isi, kandi Ubushinwa nabwo ni igihugu gikomeye ku isi.
Igihe Amerika yashakaga gutumiza isi idasanzwe muri Mongoliya, yashakaga kwishyira hamwe rwihishwa na Mongoliya kugira ngo irengere Ubushinwa, ariko Mongoliya isaba ko “igomba gushyikirana n'Ubushinwa”. Byagenze bite?
Nka vitamine yinganda, icyo bita “isi idasanzwe"Ntabwo ari izina ryumutungo wihariye nka" amakara "," icyuma "," umuringa ", ahubwo ni ijambo rusange kubintu byamabuye y'agaciro bifite ibintu bisa. Ikintu cyambere cyambere kidasanzwe isi yttrium irashobora kuva muri 1700. Ikintu cya nyuma, promethium, cyabayeho igihe kirekire, ariko kugeza mu 1945 ni bwo promethium yavumbuwe binyuze mu kirere cya kirimbuzi cya uranium. Kugeza 1972, promethium naturel yavumbuwe muri uranium.
Inkomoko y'izina “isi idasanzwe ”mubyukuri bifitanye isano nimbogamizi zikoranabuhanga muricyo gihe. Ikintu kidasanzwe cyubutaka gifite ogisijeni nyinshi, cyoroshye okiside, kandi ntigishonga iyo cyinjiye mumazi, kikaba gisa nkimiterere yubutaka. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubumenyi bwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bigarukira muri kiriya gihe, byari bigoye kumenya aho amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe y’isi no kweza ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka byavumbuwe. Kubwibyo, abashakashatsi bamaranye imyaka irenga 200 bakusanya ibintu 17.
Ni ukubera ko isi idasanzwe ifite iyi "gaciro" n "" isi imeze "ni yo bita" isi idasanzwe "mu bihugu by'amahanga kandi igasobanurwa ngo" isi idasanzwe "mu Bushinwa. Mubyukuri, nubwo umusaruro wibyo bitaibintu bidasanzwe by'isini ntarengwa, ahanini ziterwa nubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro no gutunganya, kandi ntibishobora kubaho mubuke buke kwisi. Muri iki gihe, iyo ugaragaza ubwinshi bwibintu bisanzwe, igitekerezo cya "ubwinshi" gikoreshwa muri rusange.
Ceriumni aisi idasanzweibyo bingana na 0.0046% yubutaka bwisi, biza kumwanya wa 25, bikurikirwa numuringa kuri 0.01%. Nubwo ari nto, urebye Isi yose, iyi ni umubare utari muto. Izina isi idasanzwe irimo ibintu 17, bishobora kugabanywamo urumuri, urwego rwo hagati, nuburemere bitewe nubwoko bwabo. Ubwoko butandukanye bwaisi idasanzweKugira imikoreshereze n'ibiciro bitandukanye.
Umucyo w'isi udasanzwekonte kubice byinshi byubutaka budasanzwe kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bikora hamwe na progaramu ya terefone. Muri byo, ishoramari ryiterambere mubikoresho bya magneti bingana na 42%, hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye. Igiciro cyumucyo wubutaka budasanzwe ni gito.Isi idasanzwegira uruhare runini mubice bidasimburwa nkibisirikare nindege. Ibi birashobora gusimbuka byujuje ubuziranenge mu gukora intwaro n’imashini, hamwe no guhagarara neza no kuramba. Kugeza ubu, nta bikoresho hafi ya byose bishobora gusimbuza ibi bintu bidasanzwe byisi, bigatuma bihenze cyane. Gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi mubinyabiziga bishya byingufu birashobora kuzamura umuvuduko wikinyabiziga no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu. Gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi kugirango ubyare ingufu z'umuyaga birashobora kongera igihe cya generator, bikongerera ubushobozi bwo guhindura imbaraga ziva kumuyaga ukajya mumashanyarazi, kandi bikagabanya amafaranga yo gufata neza ibikoresho. Niba ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bikoreshwa nkintwaro, ibitero byintwaro bizaguka kandi ubwirinzi bwabwo buzabe bwiza.
Ikigega cy'intambara m1a1 cy'Abanyamerika cyongeyehoibintu bidasanzwe by'isiIrashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zirenga 70% kuruta tanki zisanzwe, kandi intera igamije yikubye kabiri, bizamura cyane imirwano. Kubwibyo, isi idasanzwe ni umutungo wingenzi mubikorwa byumusaruro ndetse nibikorwa bya gisirikare.
Bitewe nibi bintu byose, umutungo wubutaka budasanzwe igihugu gifite, nibyiza. Kubwibyo, niyo Amerika yaba ifite toni miliyoni 1.8 zubutaka budasanzwe, iracyahitamo gutumiza hanze. Indi mpamvu y'ingenzi ni uko ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe y'isi bushobora guteza umwanda ukabije ku bidukikije.
Uwitekaamabuye y'agaciro adasanzweubucukuzi busanzwe butunganywa no gufata imiti kama ya chimique cyangwa gushonga cyane. Muri iki gikorwa, hazatanga ingufu nyinshi za gaze n’amazi mabi. Niba bidakozwe neza, ibirimo fluor biri mumazi akikije bizarenga igipimo, bikabangamira cyane ubuzima n’urupfu rwabaturage.
Kuvaisi idasanzweni iby'igiciro cyinshi, kuki utabuza kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze? Mubyukuri, iki nigitekerezo kidashoboka. Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku butaka budasanzwe ku isi, buza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, ariko ntabwo ari monopole. Kubuza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ntabwo bikemura burundu ikibazo.
Ibindi bihugu nabyo bifite umubare munini wubutaka budasanzwe kandi birashaka cyane ubundi buryo bwo kubisimbuza, ntabwo rero igisubizo cyigihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwacu bwo gukora bwagiye bwiyemeza iterambere ry’ibihugu byose, bibuza kohereza mu mahanga umutungo w’ubutaka udasanzwe no kwiharira inyungu, ntabwo aribwo buryo bwacu bwo mu Bushinwa.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2023