Ingengabihe y'isi idasanzwe igomba. . . Igizwe n'ibihugu bimwe byigihugu byisi byisi, gutunganya amabuye y'isi adasanzwe muri Amerika bizasubukurwa mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imikurire, kandi [ubushakashatsi n'iterambere] mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro aheza. Dukeneye ubufasha bwawe. - Umunyamabanga wungirije ushinzwe kwirwanaho kandi ushireho Ellen Nyiricyubahiro Gutegura Ingabo z'igihugu, mu gihe cyo kugabanya imitunganyirize y'isi, mu gihe cyo kugabanya imivugo y'isi. Hagaragaye mu buryo butunguranye bwihutirwa mu ngingo zaganiriweho kugeza ubu zigomba kuba zaratunguye abantu benshi. gukosora ibidukikije, isi idasanzwe ntabwo ari gake cyane, ariko bafite agaciro. Igisubizo gisa nkibanga amayobera aryamye. Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi (ree) birimo ibintu 17 bikoreshwa cyane mubuguzi bwa elegitori n'ibikoresho bya mbere, kandi byavumbuwe bwa mbere kandi bikaba byarakoreshwa muri Amerika. Icyakora, umusaruro uhindura buhoro buhoro mu Bushinwa, aho umurimo wo hasi wagabanije ingaruka z'ibidukikije, bigabanya inkunga nyinshi mu gihugu bikora Repubulika y'Ubushinwa (PRC) kuri 97%. Mu 1997, Magniqueneh, isosiyete iyobowe ku isi muri Amerika, yagurishijwe mu muyoboro w'ishoramari uyobowe na Archibald Cox (JR.), umuhungu w'umushinjacyaha w'izina rimwe, watergate. Umuyoboro wakoranye n'amasosiyete abiri y'amasosiyete. Isosiyete y'ibyuma, Sanhuan ibikoresho bishya n'ubushinwa bidahwitse byinjizwa no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Umuyobozi wa Sanhuan, umuhungu w'umugore w'umuyobozi wa mbere Deng Xaling, yabaye umuyobozi w'ikigo. Magniquench yari afunzwe muri Amerika, yimukiye mu Bushinwa, arakingurwa mu 2003, ahuza na gahunda ya DENG Xiaping ", akaba yarayobeye cyane cyane gusaba igisirikare, harimo" ibikoresho bidasanzwe. " Ibi byatumye Molcorp iheruka gusigaye mu mateka adasanzwe yisi muri Amerika kugeza yaguye muri 2015.Nako kanya Ubuyobozi bwa Reagan, ariko iki kibazo nticyakunze kwitondera kumugaragaro. Umwaka wa 2010. Muri Nzeri y'uwo mwaka, ubwato bwo ku burobyi bw'Ubushinwa bwaguye mu bwato bubiri bwo kurinda amato mu nyanja y'inyanja itavugwa mu burasirazuba bwa china. Guverinoma y'Ubuyapani yatangaje umugambi wazo wo gushyira umutware w'ubwato bw'uburobyi mu rubanza, maze guverinoma y'Ubushinwa nyuma yafashe ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo kwihorera, harimo no gusohoza igurishwa ry'isi idasanzwe mu Buyapani. Ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku nganda zimodoka zubuyapani, zibangamiwe niterambere ryihuse ryimodoka zakozwe mubushinwa ihendutse. Mu bindi bikorwa, ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi ni igice cy'ingenzi cya moteri cataletic ihinduranya. Iterabwoba rya Leta ryatanze uburemere ishyirahamwe ry'ubucuruzi ry'isi (WTO), Ubuyapani ndetse n'ibindi bihugu byinshi by'Ubushinwa bidashobora kugabanya ibyo Ubushinwa budashobora kongera kohereza hanze y'ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi. Ariko, ibiziga byimyanzuro ya WTO irahindukira buhoro: icyemezo ntabwo gikozwe kugeza nyuma yimyaka ine. Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga y'Ubushinwa nyuma yahakanye ko yashyizeho ko yashyizeho Emborgo, avuga ko Ubushinwa bukeneye ibindi bintu byinshi bidasanzwe kunganda zayo zo mu iterambere. Ibi birashobora kuba byiza: Muri 2005, Ubushinwa bwari bunze koherezwa hanze, bigatera impungenge kuri pentagon yisi yose. Urupfu rwa Molycorp rwerekana kandi imicungire yubushishozi bwa guverinoma y'Ubushinwa. Molycorp yahanuye ko ibiciro byisi byisi bizamuka bikabije nyuma yibyabaye hagati yubwato bwuburobyi bwubushinwa hamwe nabashinzwe kuroba bo mu Buyapani muri 2010, niko byazamuye amafaranga menshi kugirango yubake ibikoresho byateye imbere. Icyakora, igihe guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yateje ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri 2015, Molycorp yari iremerewe na miliyari 1.7 z'amadolari y'imyenda naho kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibikoresho byo gutunganya. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yavuye mu manza zo guhomba kandi igurishwa miliyoni 20.5 z'amadolari, akaba ari amafaranga adafite akamaro ugereranije na miliyari 1.7 z'amadolari. Isosiyete yarokowe n'intege nke, naho Ubushinwa Leshan Shenge Rare isosiyete y'isi iherereye 30% by'uburenganzira bw'isosiyete. Muburyo bwa tekiniki, kugira imigabane itari ugutora bivuze ko Leshan Shenge yemerewe kurenza igice cyinyungu, kandi abantu bamwe bashobora kuba bato, bityo abantu bamwe barashobora kwibazamo intego za sosiyete. Ariko, ukurikije ubunini bwa Leshan Shenga ugereranije n'amafaranga asabwa kugirango abone imigabane 30%, isosiyete ishobora gufata ibyago. Ariko, ingaruka zirashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butari gutora. Nk'uko inyandiko y'Ubushinwa yakozwe n'ikinyamakuru cya Wall Street, Leshan Shengethe izagira uburenganzira bwihariye bwo kugurisha umusozi. Ibyo ari byo byose, Molycorp azohereza ree mu Bushinwa gutunganya. Kubera ubushobozi bwo kwishingikiriza ku bubiko, inganda z'Abayapani ntabwo zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku makimbirane ya 2010. Ariko, amahirwe yo kunywa imikino yubushinwa yisi idasanzwe yamenyekanye. Mu byumweru bike, impuguke z'Abayapani zasuye Mongoliya, Vietnam, Ositaraliya no mu bindi bihugu hamwe n'indi mitungo idasanzwe yo gukora iperereza. Kugeza mu Gushyingo 2010, Ubuyapani bwageze ku masezerano yo gutanga amanota y'igihe kirekire hamwe na Ositaraliya. Ubuyapani bwemejwe mu ntangiriro z'umwaka utaha, kandi kubera ko kwaguka kwayo, ubu yabonye 30% by'isi idasanzwe yo muri Lnas. Igishimishije, Ubushinwa-Ubushinwa budahwitse ibyuma bidahwitse bwagerageje kugura imigabane myinshi muri Lyas umwaka umwe gusa. Urebye ko Ubushinwa bufite umubare munini w'ibihanga bidasanzwe by'isi, umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko Ubushinwa buteganya kwiyegurira isi no gusaba isoko. Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya yahagaritse amasezerano.Kwe muri Amerika, ibintu bidasanzwe byisi byongeye kuzamuka mu ntambara y'ubucuruzi ya Sino na Amerika. Muri Gicurasi 2019, umunyamabanga mukuru w'Ubushinwa XI Jinping yakoze uruzinduko runini kandi rwikigereranyo kuri Jiangxi ntangarugero yisi, yasobanuriraga nk kwerekana ingaruka z'ubutegetsi bwe kuri Washington. Abantu buri munsi, ikinyamakuru cyemewe cya Komite Nkuru y'Ishyaka ry'Abakomunisiti, baranditse riti: "Muri ubu buryo gusa dushobora kuvuga ko Amerika idakwiye gusuzugura ubushobozi n'uburenganzira bw'Ubushinwa bwo kurinda uburenganzira n'uburenganzira bwayo. Ntukavuge ko tutigeze tukuburiye. " Indorerezi zagaragaje, "ntuvuge ko tutaburiye. Ijambo "wowe" risanzwe rikoreshwa gusa n'ibitangazamakuru byemewe gusa mu bihe bikomeye cyane, nka mbere yo gutera Vietnam mu 1978 no mu mpaka z'umupaka 2017 n'Ubuhinde n'Ubuhinde. Mu rwego rwo kongera impungenge z'Amerika, kuko intwaro zateye imbere zatejwe imbere, ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe byisi birakenewe. Kuvuga ingero ebyiri gusa, buri fighter isaba ibiro 920 by'isi idasanzwe, kandi buri murongo wa ENGIGITIA ukeneye inshuro icumi zikeneye inshuro icumi zikeneye. Ariko, iyi nzira iragoye kuruta gukuramo byoroshye. Muri iki gihe, ibintu bidasanzwe kwisi bivanze nizindi mabuye y'agaciro nyinshi muburyo butandukanye. Noneho, umututsi wambere ugomba gukorwa murwego rwa mbere rwo gutunganya kugirango utange ikigo, kandi kuva aho winjira mubindi bigo bitandukanya ikindi kigo gitandukanya ibintu bidasanzwe byisi mubintu byubukunguhereye. Mubikorwa byise gukuramo Solven, "Ibikoresho byashonze byanyuze mubyumba byamabuye bitandukanya ibintu cyangwa ibice bitandukanye - izi ntambwe birashobora gusubirwamo inshuro magana cyangwa ibihumbi. Umunyamerika yagize ati: "Bimaze kwezwa, birashobora gutunganywa mu bikoresho bya okiside, ibyuma, ibyuma n'amashusho, bakoresha imiterere yihariye ya magnetique." Kenshi na kenshi, kuboneka kw'ibintu bya radiyo birasaba gahunda.in 2012, Ubuyapani bwavumbuwe mu buryo burambuye, maze bwemezwa ku kirwa cya Nanniao cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bukungu, kikaba kivuga ko gikenewe mu binyejana byinshi. Icyakora, guhera 2020, ikinyamakuru cya kabiri cy'Ubuyapani kinini cya buri munsi, Asahi, cyasobanuye inzozi zo kwihaza nk '"mubwibyo." Ndetse kubijyanye na tekinorojiya yikiyapani, kubona uburyo bwo gukuramo ubucuruzi buracyari ikibazo. Igikoresho cyitwa Piston Core Gukuramo gukusanya ibyondo uhereye kuri stratum munsi yinyanja ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 6000. Kuberako imashini ihamije ifata iminota irenga 200 kugirango igere ku nyanja, inzira irababaza cyane. Kugera no gukuramo icyondo ni intangiriro yo gutunganya, nibindi bibazo bikurikira. Hariho akaga gashobora kuba. Abahanga bahangayikishijwe no "kubera ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza amazi, inyanja ishobora gusenyuka no kumena isi yose n'indorerezi mu nyanja." Ibintu byubucuruzi bigomba gusuzumwa: toni 3.500 zigomba gukusanywa buri munsi kugirango isosiyete yunguka. Kugeza ubu, toni 350 gusa zishobora gukusanywa amasaha 10 kumunsi Ubushinwa bugenzura ibikoresho byose bitunganya kwisi, ndetse nisi idasanzwe yakuwe mubindi bihugu / uturere byoherejweyo kugirango batunge. Ikidasanzwe ni Lyas, yohereje amabuye y'agaciro kuri Maleziya yo gutunganya. Nubwo uruhare rwa Lynas 'mubibazo bidasanzwe byisi bifite agaciro, ntabwo ari igisubizo cyuzuye. Ibikubiye ku isi idasanzwe mu birombe by'isosiyete biri munsi y'ibyo mu Bushinwa, bivuze ko Lisas igomba kubanziriza ibyuma by'isi (nka), bityo bikaba ari ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kubika amakuru, bityo akaba ari ibiciro byo kubika amakuru, bityo akaba ari ibiciro byo kubika amakuru. Ubucukuzi bw'isi bukabije bw'isi bugereranywa no kugura inka yose nk'inka: Kugeza ku birori by'ubururu buri mwaka Neodymium hamwe no kubaka igitero cyo gutandukana kidashyizemo igihingwa cyo gutandukanya gikubiyemo. Icyakora, biteganijwe ko umushinga uzatwara imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu kugirango ujye gutura, bigatuma abaguzi bo muri Amerika bafite ibibazo by'ingamba zo kwihorera. Igihe guverinoma ya Ositaraliya yahagaritse kugerageza kugura Linas, Beijing yakomeje gushaka izindi nyungu. Ifite uruganda muri Vietnam kandi rwatumije ibicuruzwa byinshi biva muri Miyanimari. Muri 2018, hari toni 25.000 z'isi zidasanzwe, kandi kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama kugeza ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2019, hari toni 9,217 z'isi zidasanzwe. Kurimbuka kw'ibidukikije n'amakimbirane byateje ibikorwa bitateganijwe n'abacukuzi b'Abashinwa. Iribukwa rishobora gukurwa mu buryo butemewe muri 2020, kandi haracyari ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ku mpande zombi z'umupaka. Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi bikomeje gucura mu Bushinwa munsi y'Itegeko ry'Afurika y'Epfo, hanyuma byoherezwa muri Miyanimari mu buryo bw'amabwiriza. Nkuko bihuriye na Miyanisa Shenge Umutungo wabaye umunyamigabane minini ya Greenland Minels Co., Ltd. Muri 2019, yashyizeho umuvuduko uhuriweho n'ishami ry'ubushinwa mu Bushinwa (CNNC) mu gucuruza no gutunganya isi idasanzwe. Igitera ikibazo cyumutekano niki kitari cyo kibazo cyumutekano gishobora kuba ikibazo kitavugwaho rumwe na Minisiteri zombi muri Danemark-Icyatsi kibiza. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, ububiko bwayo bwiyongereyeho, bushobora byibura kuzamura ku Bushinwa mu gihimbano mu Bushinwa mu gihe gito. Isi idasanzwe nayo irashobora gutungura, kandi inzira zirashobora gukorerwa kugirango imikorere myiza yo gutanga. Imbaraga za guverinoma y'Abayapani mu gushaka uburyo mu bukungu bwo kubitsa amabuye y'agaciro mu karere kanjye k'ubukungu, kandi ubushakashatsi ku kurema isi ihagaze neza birakomeje. Ubushinwa bwiyongereye ku bibazo by'ibidukikije nabwo bwagize ingaruka ku musaruro. Nubwo kugurisha isi idasanzwe ku biciro bike bishobora guhagarika amarushanwa y'amahanga, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro no gutunganya uturere. Amazi arangiza cyane. Amazi yimyanda muburyo bwo hejuru arashobora kugabanya umwanda wisi idasanzwe, ariko amazi yimyanda arashobora kumeneka cyangwa kumena, biganisha ku mwowa ukomeye. Nubwo nta rubanda ruvuga ku mpongo z'isi zidasanzwe zatewe n'uruzi rwa Yangtze mu by'umwuzure muri 2020, rwose hari impungenge zibitekerezo. Umwuzure wari ufite ingaruka mbi ku ruganda rwa Leshan Shenge nayabarura. Isosiyete yagereranije igihombo cyayo kuba hagati ya miliyoni 48 z'amadolari y'Amerika, cyane cyane ubwishingizi. Urebye ko umwuzure ushobora guterwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ukundi, amahirwe yo kwangirika no kwangirika kwatewe n'umwuzure uzana. Nta gaciro. Ibyangiritse. "Nubwo bimeze bityo, bitewe ninkomoko ya raporo, Ubushinwa buzakomeza gutanga 70% kugeza 77% by'ibintu bidasanzwe ku isi. Gusa iyo ikibazo cyegereje, nko muri 2010 na 2019, Amerika irashobora kwitondera. Ku bijyanye na Magniquenen na Molycorp, konsortium ifitanye isano na Komisiyo ishinzwe ishoramari ry'amahanga muri Amerika (CFUU) ko kugurisha bitazagira ingaruka mbi ku mutekano wa Amerika. CFIU igomba kwagura urugero rw'inshingano zo gushyira umutekano mu bukungu, kandi igomba no kuba maso. Bitandukanye n'ibyingenzi bigufi kandi bigufi byabayeho kera, gukomeza gukurikiza ubutegetsi mugihe kizaza ni ngombwa. Dushubije amaso inyuma ku ijambo rya buri munsi ya buri munsi muri 2019, ntidushobora kuvuga ko tutaburiwe. Ibitekerezo bigaragara muri iyi ngingo ni abanditsi gusa kandi ntibagaragaza umwanya w'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi bwabanyamahanga. Ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu mahanga ni umuryango utari u Timer wagejeje gutangaza ingingo za politiki zitavugwaho rumwe na Amerika n'umutekano w'igihugu. Ibyihutirwa Mu mihango myinshi y'amahoro [...] Mubisanzwe, inama ngarukamwaka ya Kongere yabaturage (NPC) yubushinwa ni ikintu kijimye. Mu nyigisho, Repubulika y'Ubushinwa [...] Ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi bwa politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga cyakozwe mu gutanga buruse yo mu rwego rwo hejuru no gusesengura politiki yo mu mahanga, hibandwa kuri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga ndetse n'inzego z'umutekano z'igihugu zihura na Amerika. Twigisha abantu bakora no guhindura politiki ndetse na rusange binyuze mumateka, imiterere, numuco. Soma byinshi kuri FPR »Institul Politiki yubushakashatsi bwa politiki yubushakashatsi · 1528 Walnut St., Ste. 610 · Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 · tel: 1.215.732.3772.732.732.7401 · www.fpr.org Uburenganzira bwose burabitswe.
Igihe cyohereza: Jul-04-2022