Gutezimbere no Gushyira mu bikorwa Ibikoresho bya Aluminium Scandium

Nkumucyo woroheje ningirakamaro mubikoresho byo gutwara indege, imiterere ya macroscopique yubukanishi bwa aluminiyumu ifitanye isano rya bugufi na microstructure. Muguhindura ibintu nyamukuru bivanga muburyo bwa aluminiyumu, microstructure ya aluminiyumu irashobora guhinduka, kandi imiterere ya macroscopique yubukanishi nibindi bintu (nko kurwanya ruswa no gukora gusudira) yibikoresho birashobora kunozwa kuburyo bugaragara. Kugeza ubu, microalloying yahindutse ingamba ziterambere ziterambere ryikoranabuhanga mugutezimbere microstructure ya aluminiyumu no kunoza imitungo yuzuye yibikoresho bya aluminiyumu.Scandium(Sc) ningirakamaro cyane ya microalloying element izamura izwi kuri aluminium. Ubushobozi bwa scandium muri matrix ya aluminiyumu ntibiri munsi ya 0.35 wt. Scandium ifite ingaruka nyinshi zumubiri muri aluminiyumu, harimo igisubizo gikomeye gishimangira, gushimangira ibice, no kubuza kongera gukora. Iyi ngingo izerekana iterambere ryamateka, iterambere rigezweho, hamwe nibishobora gukoreshwa muri scandium irimo aluminiyumu ivanze mubijyanye no gukora ibikoresho byindege.

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Ubushakashatsi n'Iterambere rya Aluminium Scandium Alloy

Kwiyongera kwa scandium nkibintu bivangavanze kuri aluminiyumu irashobora kuva mu myaka ya za 1960. Muri kiriya gihe, imirimo myinshi yakorwaga muri binary Al Sc na sisitemu ya AlMg Sc alloy sisitemu. Mu myaka ya za 70, Ikigo cya Baykov cya Metallurgie n’ibikoresho bya siyansi y’ubumenyi bw’Abasoviyeti hamwe n’ikigo cy’Uburusiya cy’umucyo Alloy Research cyakoze ubushakashatsi buri gihe ku miterere n’uburyo bwa scandium mu mavuta ya aluminium. Nyuma yimyaka hafi mirongo ine yimbaraga, ibyiciro 14 bya aluminium scandium alloys byakozwe mubice bitatu byingenzi (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Ubushobozi bwa atome ya scandium muri aluminiyumu ni buke, kandi ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, imvura nyinshi ya Al3Sc nano irashobora kugwa. Iki cyiciro cyimvura ni hafi ya sereferi, hamwe nuduce duto no gukwirakwiza, kandi ifite umubano mwiza hamwe na materique ya aluminium, ishobora kuzamura cyane ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya aluminiyumu. Byongeye kandi, imvura ya Al3Sc nano ifite ituze ryiza ryumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije mubushyuhe bwinshi (muri 400 ℃), bufite akamaro kanini kubirwanya ubushyuhe bukomeye bwumuti. Mu kirusiya cyakozwe na aluminium scandium alloys, 1570 alloy yakunzwe cyane kubera imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Iyi mavuta yerekana imikorere myiza mubushyuhe bwakazi bwa -196 ℃ kugeza 70 ℃ kandi ifite superplastique naturel, ishobora gusimbuza ikirusiya cyakozwe na LF6 aluminium alloy (aluminium magnesium alloy igizwe ahanini na aluminium, magnesium, umuringa, manganese, na silikoni) kugirango ibashe gusudira imitwaro mu buryo bwa ogisijeni yuzuye, kandi ikora neza cyane. Byongeye kandi, Uburusiya bwateje imbere aluminium zinc magnesium scandium alloys, ihagarariwe na 1970, ifite imbaraga zirenga 500MPa.

 

Imiterere yinganda zaAluminium Scandium

Mu mwaka wa 2015, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi wasohoye “Ikarita y’Uburayi Metallurgical Roadmap: Ibiteganijwe ku bakora n’abakoresha amaherezo”, isaba kwiga gusudira kwa aluminiummagnesium scandium alloys. Muri Nzeri 2020, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi washyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’amabuye y'agaciro 29 y'ingenzi, harimo na scandium. 5024H116 aluminium magnesium scandium alloy yakozwe na Ale Aluminium mu Budage ifite imbaraga ziciriritse kandi nyinshi kandi zihanganira kwangirika kwinshi, bigatuma iba ikintu cyiza cyane kuruhu rwa fuselage. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza gakondo ya 2xxx ya aluminium aluminiyumu kandi yashyizwe mubitabo bya AIMS03-01-055 igitabo cyamasoko y'ibikoresho. 5028 nicyiciro cyiza cya 5024, kibereye gusudira lazeri hamwe no gusudira hamwe. Irashobora kugera kumurongo wibikorwa bya hyperbolic integral wall panne, irwanya ruswa kandi idasaba gutwika aluminium. Ugereranije na 2524 alloy, urukuta rusange rw'imiterere ya fuselage rushobora kugera kuri 5% kugabanya ibiro. Urupapuro rwa AA5024-H116 aluminium scandium alloy urupapuro rwakozwe na Sosiyete ya Aili Aluminium yakoreshejwe mu gukora indege ya fuselage hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu cyogajuru. Ubunini busanzwe bwurupapuro rwa AA5024-H116 ni 1.6mm kugeza kuri 8.0mm, kandi kubera ubucucike bwarwo buke, imiterere yubukanishi butagereranywa, kurwanya ruswa cyane, hamwe no gutandukana gukabije, birashobora gusimbuza ibibyimba 2524 nkibikoresho byuruhu rwa fuselage. Kugeza ubu, urupapuro rwa AA5024-H116 rwemejwe na Airbus AIMS03-04-055. Mu Kuboza 2018, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa yasohoye “Cataloge yo kuyobora icyiciro cya mbere cy’icyiciro cya kabiri cyerekanwe mu bikoresho by’ibanze (2018 Edition)”, cyarimo “oxyde-scandium oxyde” mu rutonde rw’iterambere ry’inganda nshya. Muri 2019, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’Ubushinwa yasohoye “Cataloge yo kuyobora icyiciro cya mbere cyo kwerekana ibyerekanwa by’ibikoresho bishya (Edition Edition ya 2019)”, yari irimo “Sc irimo ibikoresho byo gutunganya aluminiyumu hamwe n’insinga zo gusudira Al Si Sc” mu gitabo cy’iterambere ry’inganda nshya. Ubushinwa Aluminium Itsinda ryamajyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwumucyo Alloy yakoze Al Mg Sc Zr serie 5B70 ivanze irimo scandium na zirconium. Ugereranije na gakondo ya Al Mg ikurikirana 5083 ivanze idafite scandium na zirconium, umusaruro wacyo n'imbaraga za tensile byiyongereyeho hejuru ya 30%. Byongeye kandi, Al Mg Sc Zr alloy irashobora gukomeza kurwanya ruswa igereranywa na 5083. Kugeza ubu, ibigo bikuru byimbere mu gihugu bifite urwego rwingandaaluminium scandiumubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ni Amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwa Light Alloy Company hamwe n’inganda zo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba. Urupapuro runini rwa 5B70 aluminium scandium alloy urupapuro rwakozwe na Northeast Light Light Alloy Co., Ltd. rushobora gutanga amasahani manini ya aluminiyumu yuzuye umubyimba ufite uburebure bwa 70mm n'ubugari ntarengwa bwa 3500mm; Ibicuruzwa bito cyane nibicuruzwa byerekana umwirondoro birashobora gutegurwa kubyara umusaruro, hamwe nubunini bwa 2mm kugeza 6mm n'ubugari ntarengwa bwa 1500mm. Aluminium yepfo yepfo yateje imbere yigenga ibikoresho 5K40 kandi itera intambwe igaragara mugutezimbere amasahani yoroheje. Al Zn Mg alloy ni igihe gikomeretsa hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi, imikorere myiza yo gutunganya, nibikorwa byiza byo gusudira. Nibintu byingirakamaro kandi byubaka muburyo bwimodoka zitwara abantu nkindege. Hashingiwe ku mbaraga ziciriritse zishobora gusudira AlZn Mg, ukongeramo ibintu bya scandium na zirconium alloy bishobora gukora bito kandi bigatatanya Al3 (Sc, Zr) nanoparticles muri microstructure, bikazamura cyane imiterere yubukanishi hamwe no kurwanya ruswa yangirika. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Langley cya NASA cyateguye umusemburo wa aluminium scandium hamwe n’icyiciro cya C557, cyiteguye gukoreshwa mu butumwa bw’icyitegererezo. Imbaraga zihamye, gukwirakwira, hamwe no kuvunika gukomera kwuruvange rwubushyuhe buke (-200 ℃), ubushyuhe bwicyumba, nubushyuhe bwo hejuru (107 ℃) byose bingana cyangwa byiza kuruta ibya 2524 bivanze. Kaminuza ya Northwestern muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika yateje imbere AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 serie ultra-high strength aluminium alloy, ifite imbaraga zingana na 680MPa. Hashyizweho uburyo bwo kwiteza imbere hagati yimbaraga zo hagati ya aluminium scandium alloy na ultra-high strength Al Zn Mg Sc yashizweho. Al Zn Mg Cu Sc alloy ni aluminiyumu ikomeye cyane ifite imbaraga zingana zirenga 800 MPa. Kugeza ubu, nominal yibigize hamwe nibikorwa shingiro byimikorere yibyiciro byingenzi byaaluminium scandiumzavuzwe muri make kuburyo bukurikira, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 n'iya 2.

Imbonerahamwe 1 | Nominal Ibigize Aluminium Scandium Alloy

Imbonerahamwe 2 | Microstructure hamwe na Tensile Ibintu bya Aluminium Scandium Alloy

Ibyifuzo byo gukoresha aluminium scandium

Imbaraga nyinshi Al Zn Mg Cu Sc hamwe na Al CuLi Sc alloys zashyizwe mubikorwa byubaka imitwaro, harimo indege yintambara yo mu Burusiya MiG-21 na MiG-29. Ikibaho cy’icyogajuru cy’Uburusiya “Mars-1 ″ gikozwe mu mavuta ya aluminium 1570 ya aluminium, hamwe no kugabanya uburemere bwa 20%. Ibice bitwara imizigo igizwe n’ibikoresho byo mu cyogajuru cya Mars-96 bikozwe muri aluminiyumu yo mu 1970 irimo scandium, bigabanya uburemere bw’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho ku gipimo cya 10%. indege za A321 zishingiye ku cyiciro cyizungura AA5028-H116 aluminium scandium alloy ya 5024 ya aluminium scandium alloy ihagarariwe na AA5028 yerekanaga uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira no gusudira nka tekinike yo gusudira ibyuma bya aluminiyumu ikomeza guhuza ibikoresho byindege nubusugire bwimiterere, kugera kubikorwa bikora neza kandi bidahenze, ariko kandi bifite ingaruka zo kugabanya ibiro hamwe ningaruka zo gufunga kashe Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na aluminium scandium 5B70 buvanze nubushakashatsi bwikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ibikoresho by’indege by’Ubushinwa bwacishije mu ikoranabuhanga ryizunguruka ry’ibice bitandukanye by’ubukonje, kugenzura imbaraga zangiza hamwe no guhuza imbaraga za weld. kubisahani bibyimbye birashobora kugera kuri 0.92. Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa, Kaminuza Nkuru y’Amajyepfo, n’abandi bakoze igeragezwa ryinshi ry’imashini no gutunganya ibintu ku bikoresho 5B70, bazamura kandi basubiramo gahunda yo gutoranya ibikoresho bya 5A06, kandi batangiye gukoresha amavuta ya aluminiyumu ya 5B70 yubatswe hamwe na plaque ya kaburimbo hamwe na kabine imbavu, kugera ku ntera yo mu rwego rwo hejuru no gutezimbere uburemere ubuke bwa scandium bugabanya urugero rwa aluminium scandium ivanze ugereranije nibikoresho bya aluminiyumu nka Al Cu, Al Zn, Al ZnMg, scandium irimo ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nibintu byiza bitunganyirizwa mu gukora inganda zinganda zikora inganda hamwe niterambere rya tekinike. n'ibiciro bigabanya imikoreshereze minini yinganda zikoreshwa muri scandium aluminiyumu izagenda itera imbere gahoro gahoro Imiterere myiza yubukanishi, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nibintu byiza biranga gutunganya aluminiyumu scandium ituma bafite ibyiza byo kugabanya uburemere bwububiko hamwe nubushobozi bwogukoresha mubijyanye no gukora ibikoresho byindege.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2024