1. Gutezimbere uhereye kubwibanzeisi idasanzweibicuruzwa kunonosorwaisi idasanzweibicuruzwa
Mu myaka 20 ishize, Ubushinwa budasanzwe bwo gushonga no gutandukanya isi bwateye imbere byihuse, kubera ubwinshi bwabyo, umusaruro, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, bigira uruhare runini ku isi. Benshiisi idasanzwegutandukana, inzira yo kwezwa irashobora no gufatwa nkurwego rwisi. Ariko, ubuziranenge no guhoraho kwaisi idasanzweibicuruzwa byiza bya chimique biracyari inyuma yurwego rwiterambere rwisi. Mu myaka yashize, ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro wa majorisi idasanzweinganda zarenze kure ibisabwa ku masoko yo mu gihugu no mu mahangaisi idasanzweibicuruzwa bivanze biri mubihe byo gutanga, mugiheisi idasanzweibicuruzwa byiza bya chimique bifite ibiranga ubucucike buhanitse, kugaruka kwishoramari ryinshi, kwiharira ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n’inyungu nyinshi zo kugurisha, bityo inyungu rusange zubukungu ni nyinshi. Kubwibyo, Imishinga idasanzwe yisi yo murugo igomba gutera intambwe muriki gice mumyaka iri imbere kugirango igumane inyungu nyinshi kandi yihuta.
2. Ntibisanzweibicuruzwa biratera imbere bigana kwezwa cyane, guteranya, hamwe na ultra-gutunganya
Uruhare rwaisi idasanzwemurwego rwubuhanga buhanitse rushobora kugerwaho gusa binyuze mumiterere yabo itandukanye yumubiri nubumara nyuma yo kwezwa cyane.Ntibisanzweubuziranenge bwa 5N cyangwa hejuru burakenewe kubikoresho bya luminescent, ibikoresho bya laser, ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, nibindi; Ntibisanzwe, ibisabwa kubintu byanduye byubutaka bigenda bigabanuka no hasi, hamwe nibyuma biremereye nka Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb bisaba ibirimo bitarenze 1 × 10-6. Kubwibyo, kwezwa cyane bizakomeza kuba icyerekezo cyiterambere kizazaisi idasanzweibicuruzwa.
Iterambere rishyaisi idasanzweibikoresho ahanini bishingiye kumiterere yibintuisi idasanzweibikoresho binyuze murukurikirane rwibikorwa hagati yisi idasanzwe nibindi bivangavanze, hamwe no guhuza ni inzira yiterambere yaisi idasanzweibicuruzwa bivanze.
Ingano yaisi idasanzweibice bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yibikoresho byakoreshejwe, kuko uko ingano yubunini igabanuka, ubuso bwihariye nabwo bwiyongera, ibikorwa byubuso bikomeza gutera imbere, nibikorwa byaisi idasanzweibice bizakoreshwa neza.
Chimie irashobora kwihutisha ibintu bitandukanye byumubiri nubumara, kandi bikongerera imbaraga guhuza ibice. Kunonosora ultrafine yaisi idasanzweibice ntabwo ari ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi buhanitse gusa mubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ahubwo ni inzira yingenzi yo kuzamura agaciro k'ubukungu bwaisi idasanzweibice bisobanura. Mubyongeyeho, ibisabwa bidasanzwe byashyizwe imbere kubuso bwihariye bwubuso, imiterere ya kristu, morphologie, hamwe nuburemere bwihariye bwaisi idasanzweibice.
3. Imyiteguro nikoranabuhanga hamwe nuburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge wigenga bizagaragara
Kumyaka myinshi, kubera imiterere yihariye yinganda,isi idasanzweibigo bifite inyungu nyinshi kandi ntarengwa. Imishinga idasanzwe yo mu gihugu igizwe ninganda muri rusange ifite ikibazo cyumwimerere udahagije, kandi yabuze mukurinda umutungo wubwenge kuriisi idasanzwetekinoroji yo gutegura. Ikintu cyo kuvutswa no kuvutswa kirakomeye cyane, bikaviramo kubura irushanwa ryibanze hagati yinganda zibyara umusaruro. Ubushinwa bwinjiye muri WTO, ibintu bizahinduka mumyaka iri imbere, Binyuranye rni isiibigo n'ibigo byubushakashatsi bizongera ishoramari ryubushakashatsi mubijyanye naisi idasanzwegutegura ibice, kandi biteganijwe ko umubare munini waisi idasanzweuburyo bwo gutegura hamwe nikoranabuhanga hamwe nuburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge wigenga bizagaragara.
4. Ubufatanye hagati yinganda, ibigo byubushakashatsi, na kaminuza bizashimangirwa
Hariho ikibazo rusange cyumwimerere udahagije murugoisi idasanzweinganda zitanga umusaruro. Nubwo ibigo byubushakashatsi bifite urwego runaka rwumwimerere mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, harabura kandi uburambe bwikoranabuhanga ryubuhanga. Kubwibyo, guhuza byombi no guteza imbere inganda ningendo yiterambere mumyaka iri imbere.
5. Umuvuduko w’ishoramari ry’amahanga winjira mu Bushinwa uzihuta, biganisha ku guhatana gushya mu nganda
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ishoramari ry’amahanga, rihagarariwe n’isosiyete y’Abafaransa Rodier hamwe n’isosiyete yo muri Kanada AMR, ryinjiye mu gishinwaisi idasanzweibigo byuzuzanya nibikorwa byatsinze. Ubunararibonye bwo kuyobora, uburyo bworoshye bwo kugurisha, kwibanda kubushakashatsi bwa siyansi yumwimerere, hamwe nubutunzi bwaho hamwe ninyungu zabakozi byose byazanye inyungu nyinshi mumishinga ihuriweho. Bitewe nubuyobozi bwurukurikirane rwingero zatsinze, iyi nzira izihuta. Kubwibyo, bizaganisha ku marushanwa mashya mu nganda.
6. Ibigo bifite igipimo gito cyumuntu ku giti cye no kutagira ibiranga bizakurwaho
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90 ,.isi idasanzweinganda zahuye n’imihindagurikire myinshi, hamwe n’ibiciro by’ubutaka budasanzwe mu Bushinwa bigabanuka bikongera bikagabanuka. Habayeho inzira yo kwegera inyungu zisanzwe ziva mu nyungu zirenze, ndetse no kugurisha byagabanutse munsi yumurongo winyungu kugirango ifate isoko. Mugihe ubukungu bwisoko bwifashe, imishinga mito idafite ibiranga izakurwaho, hasigare inganda zifite nini nini n’ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro. Iri tegeko ry’ubukungu ntirisanzwe muri uru ruganda.
7. Imiterere yibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byisi bizahinduka
Muri rusange, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwaisi idasanzweimikoreshereze mumirima gakondo iratinda cyane, kandi umurima ushobora kongera ibyifuzo kubutaka budasanzwe ni mubikoresho bishya. Kubwibyo, imiterere yaisi idasanzweibicuruzwa bivanze bigomba kuba bikenewe kubikenerwa ibikoresho bishya. Kugeza ubu, umuvuduko wo kwiyongera waneodymiumibyuma bya magnetiki ya boron ni 30% kugeza 40%, bityo gukoreshaneodymiumuziyongera vuba. Inganda zose zidasanzwe zivanga isi zigomba kwibandaneodymiumibice bigize ibice, byemeza byombi gutanganeodymiumhamwe no gushyira mu gaciro kubindiisi idasanzweibice.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2023