Element 56: Barium

1 Intangiriro IntangiriroBarium,
Ubutaka bwa alkaline yisi, hamwe nikimenyetso cyimiti Ba, giherereye mumatsinda IIA yigihe cya gatandatu cyameza yigihe. Nibintu byoroshye, bya feza byera bya alkaline yisi nicyuma gikora cyane mubyuma byubutaka bwa alkaline. Izina ryibanze rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki beta alpha ρύς (barys), risobanura “uburemere”.

2 Kuvumbura amateka magufi
Sulfide yubutaka bwisi ya alkaline yerekana fosifore, bivuze ko ikomeza gusohora urumuri mugihe cyumwijima nyuma yo guhura numucyo. Ibimera bya Barium byatangiye gukurura abantu neza kubera iyi miterere. Mu 1602, inkweto yitwa Casio Lauro mu mujyi wa Bologna, mu Butaliyani, yatetse barite irimo sulfate ya barium hamwe n’ibintu byaka umuriro maze isanga ko ishobora gutanga urumuri mu mwijima, ibyo bikaba byarashishikaje intiti muri icyo gihe. Nyuma, ubu bwoko bwamabuye bwiswe polonite kandi bwashishikaje abahanga mu bya shimi bo muburayi mubushakashatsi bwisesengura. Mu 1774, umuhanga mu bya shimi wo muri Suwede CW Scheele yavumbuye ko oxyde ya barium ari ubutaka bushya buremereye cyane, yise “Baryta” (ubutaka buremereye). Mu 1774, Scheler yizeraga ko iri buye ryahujwe n'ubutaka bushya (oxyde) na aside sulfurike. Mu 1776, yashyushya nitrate muri ubu butaka bushya kugirango abone ubutaka bwera (oxyde). Mu 1808, umuhanga mu by'imiti mu Bwongereza H. Davy yakoresheje mercure nka cathode na platine nka anode yo gukora electrolyze barite (BaSO4) kugirango itange barium amalgam. Nyuma yo gusibanganya gukuraho mercure, habonetse icyuma gito cyera kandi cyitirirwa ijambo ryikigereki barys (biremereye). Ikimenyetso cyibintu cyashyizweho nka Ba, cyitwabarium.

3 properties Imiterere yumubiri
Bariumni icyuma cyera cya feza gifite aho gishonga cya 725 ° C, aho kibira cya 1846 ° C, ubucucike bwa 3.51g / cm3, no guhindagurika. Amabuye y'ingenzi ya barium ni barite na arsenopyrite.

4 、Bariumni imiti yimiti ifite imiti.
Ikimenyetso cyimiti Ba, atome nimero 56, ni iyigihe cya sisitemu ya IIA kandi ni umunyamuryango wibyuma byisi. Barium ifite ibikorwa bikomeye bya shimi kandi niyo ikora cyane mubyuma bya alkaline. Uhereye kubushobozi hamwe na ionisiyoneri, birashobora kugaragara ko barium ifite kugabanuka gukomeye. Mubyukuri, niba urebye gusa gutakaza electron ya mbere, barium ifite kugabanuka gukomeye mumazi. Ariko, biragoye ko barium gutakaza electron ya kabiri. Kubwibyo, urebye ibintu byose, kugabanuka kwa barium bizagabanuka cyane. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ni kimwe mu byuma bikora cyane mu bisubizo bya acide, icya kabiri nyuma ya lithium, cesium, rubidium, na potasiyumu.

5.Ibintu byinshi
1). Barium oxyde gahoro gahoro gahoro mu kirere kugirango ibeho oxyde ya barium, ikaba ari kirisiti itagira ibara. Gushonga muri aside, kudashonga muri acetone n'amazi ya amoniya. Ifata amazi kugirango ibeho hydroxide ya barium, ifite uburozi. Iyo itwitswe, isohora urumuri rwatsi kandi ikabyara barium peroxide.
2). Barium peroxide ikora na acide sulfurike kugirango itange hydrogen peroxide. Iyi reaction ishingiye ku ihame ryo gutegura hydrogen peroxide muri laboratoire.
3). Hydroxide ya Barium ifata amazi kugirango itange hydroxide ya barium na gaze ya hydrogen. Bitewe no gukomera kwa hydroxide ya barium ningufu zayo zo hejuru cyane, reaction ntabwo ikomeye cyane nkiyuma ya alkali, kandi hydroxide ya bariyumu izavamo izapfukirana ibitekerezo. Umubare muto wa dioxyde de carbone winjizwa mubisubizo kugirango habeho imvura ya bariyumu ya karubone, kandi dioxyde de carbone irenzeho irashyirwaho kugirango ishongeshe imvura ya bariyumu ya karubone kandi ikabyara ibariyeri ya bicarbonate.
4). Amino barium irashobora gushonga muri ammonia yamazi, ikabyara igisubizo cyubururu hamwe na paramagnetism hamwe na conducivite, bigizwe ahanini na electroni ya amoniya. Nyuma yigihe kinini cyo kubika, hydrogène muri ammonia izagabanywa gaze ya hydrogène na electron ya amoniya, kandi reaction yose ni barium ikora hamwe na amoniya yuzuye kugirango itange amine barium na gaze ya hydrogen.
5). Barium sulfite ni kirisiti yera cyangwa ifu, uburozi, gushonga gake mumazi, hanyuma buhoro buhoro bigahinduka okiside muri barium sulfate iyo ishyizwe mukirere. Kunyunyuza aside irike nka acide hydrochloric kugirango ubyare gaze ya dioxyde de sulfure ifite impumuro mbi. Iyo uhuye na aside ya okiside nka acide acide nitric, irashobora guhinduka muri sulfate ya barium.
6). Barium sulfate ifite imiterere ihamye ya chimique, kandi igice cya sulfate ya barium yashonga mumazi ni ion rwose, bigatuma electrolyte ikomeye. Barium sulfate ntishobora gushonga muri acide ya nitric. Ahanini ikoreshwa nka gastrointestinal agent agent.
Barium karubone ni uburozi kandi hafi ya yose idashonga mumazi akonje. Ifata na sodium sulfate kugirango itange imvura yera idashobora gukama ya barium sulfate - inzira yo guhinduka hagati yimvura mugisubizo cyamazi: biroroshye guhinduka werekeza mubyerekezo bidashobora gukemuka.

6 、 Imirima yo gusaba
1. Ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda mukubyara umunyu wa barium, ibivanze, fireworks, reaction za kirimbuzi, nibindi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu mavuta, harimo gurş, calcium, magnesium, sodium, lithium, aluminium, na nikel. Ibyuma bya Barium birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byangiza kugirango bikureho imyuka ya gaze mu miyoboro ya vacuum na cathode ray, ndetse n’umukozi wangiza mu gutunganya ibyuma. Nitrate ya Barium ivanze na potasiyumu ya chlorate, ifu ya magnesium, na rosine birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibimenyetso byerekana umuriro hamwe n’umuriro. Ibibyimba bya elegitoronike bikoreshwa cyane bikoreshwa nka udukoko twica udukoko, nka barium chloride, kugirango twirinde ibyonnyi bitandukanye. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi ya brine namazi yo kubyaza umusaruro soda ya electrolytike caustic. Ikoreshwa kandi mugutegura pigment. Inganda zimyenda nimpu zirayikoresha nka mordant hamwe nu guhuza ibikoresho bya silike yubukorikori.
2. Barium sulfate yo gukoresha imiti ni imiti ifasha kwisuzumisha X. Ifu yera itagira impumuro nziza kandi idafite uburyohe, ibintu bishobora gutanga itandukaniro ryiza mumubiri mugihe cyo gusuzuma X. Ubuvuzi barium sulfate ntabwo bwinjizwa mu nzira ya gastrointestinal kandi ntabwo butera allergie. Ntabwo irimo ibibyimba bya elegitoronike nka barium chloride, barium sulfide, na karubone ya barium. Ahanini ikoreshwa mugushushanya gastrointestinal, rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa mubindi bikorwa byo gusuzuma

7 method Uburyo bwo kwitegura
Umusaruro winganda zabariumigabanijwemo intambwe ebyiri: umusaruro wa barium oxyde no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro (kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa aluminium). Kuri 1000-1200 ℃,bariumirashobora kuboneka mugabanya oxyde ya barium hamwe na aluminium metallic, hanyuma igahanagurwa na vacuum distillation. Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa aluminiyumu yo kubyara barium metallic: Bitewe nibipimo bitandukanye, hashobora kubaho reaction ebyiri zo kugabanya aluminium kugabanya oxyde ya barium. Ikigereranyo cya reaction ni: reaction zombi zishobora kubyara gusa barium kuri 1000-1200 ℃. Kubwibyo rero, pompe vacuum igomba gukoreshwa kugirango ikomeze kwimura imyuka ya barium iva mukarere ka reaction yerekeza mukarere ka ubukonje bukonje kugirango reaction ikomeze kugenda iburyo. Ibisigara nyuma yo kubyitwaramo ni uburozi kandi bigomba kuvurwa mbere yo kujugunywa