Element 56: Barium

1, intangiriro nzizaBarium,
Ikintu cyisi cya alkaline, hamwe nikimenyetso cya chimique ca, giherereye mumatsinda ya Iia yimbonerahamwe ya gatandatu. Nibintu byoroshye, bya feza byanyuma alkaline yisi nibintu byingenzi mubikorwa bya alkaline kwisi. Izina ry'amato rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikigereki beta alpha ρύς (Bary), bisobanura "iremereye".

2, kuvumbura amateka magufi
Sulfides yisi ya alkaline ibyuma bya sochorescence, bivuze ko bakomeje gusohora urumuri mugihe cyijimye nyuma yo guhura numucyo. Ibigo bya Barium byatangiye gukurura abantu neza kubera ibi biranga. Mu 1602, inkweto yitwa Casio Lauro mu mujyi wa Bologna, mu Butaliyani, yatetse akabarika irimo ibintu byaka kandi avumbuye ko yavumbuye urumuri mu mwijima, washimishije intiti muri kiriya gihe. Nyuma, ubu bwoko bwamabuye yitwaga Poloni kandi atera inkunga y'abanyamiti b'Abanyaburayi mu bushakashatsi bwo gusesengura. Mu 1774, chederi ya Suwede CW Scheele yavumbuye ko muri Barium oxide yari ubutaka bushya buremereye, yise "Baryta" (ubutaka buremereye). Mu 1774, umugambi wizeraga ko iri buye ari ihuriro ry'ubutaka bushya (oxide) na aside sulfuric. Mu 1776, yashyutswe nitrate muri ubu butaka bushya kugirango abone ubutaka bwiza (oxide). Mu 1808, chimiste y'Ubwongereza H. Davy yakoresheje mercure nka Cathode na Platine nka Anode to Electrolyze Barite (Baso4) kugirango batereriium amalgam. Nyuma yo kugaburira gukuraho mercure, habonetse icyuma cyoroshye kandi cyitiriwe ijambo ryikigereki bary (biremereye). Ikimenyetso cya Element cyashyizwe nka Ba, cyitwabarium.

3, imitungo yumubiri
Bariumni icyuma cyera cyera hamwe ningingo ya 725 ° C, Ingingo itetse yo mu 1846 ° C, ubucucike bwa 3.51g / cm3, no kwinubira. Amabuye nyamukuru ya bariya arabaza na Arsontopyrite.

4,Bariumni ikintu c'imiti ifite imitungo ya shimi.
Ikimenyetso cya chimique ba, Atomic Umubare 56, ni uw'iki gihe cya Iia itsinda kandi ni umunyamuryango w'isi ya alkaline. Barium ifite ibikorwa binini byimiti kandi nibyo bikora cyane mubyuma bya alkaline. Duhereye kungufu na ietisation imbaraga, birashobora kugaragara korium ihagaritse imbaraga. Mubyukuri, niba gusa urebye kubura ectron ya mbere ,riyo ifite imirongo ikomeye mumazi. Ariko, biragoye kuri bariya kubura ectron ya kabiri. Noneho, urebye ibintu byose, kunanirwa kwarium bizagabanuka cyane. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nimwe mu mpubre yitwara cyane muri acide, icya kabiri gusa kuri Lithium, Cyidium, Rubidium, na PATAsisiyumu.

5.Ibice
1). Barium oxide okiside igana mu kirere kugirango ice orium oxide, aribwonko butagira ibara Crystal. Gushonga muri aside, bidahunze mumazi ya acetone na amonimia. Witondere amazi kugirango ukore hydroxide, ni uburozi. Iyo yatwitse, itanga urumuri rwicyatsi kandi rutangarimide peroxide.
2). Barium peroxide yitabira aside sulfuric kugirango itange hydrogen peroxide. Iyi reaction ishingiye ku ihame ryo gutegura hydrogen peroxide muri laboratoire.
3). Barium hydroxide yitabye amazi kugirango umusaruro wogeje hydroxide na gaze ya hydrogen. Bitewe no guke cyane kwariye hydroxide hamwe nimbaraga zayo zongera hejuru, reaction ntabwo ikomeye nkibya Alkali, hamwe na bariyumu hydroxide izabisobanura. Umubare muto wa karubone utangizwa mugisubizo cyo gukora imvura ya karium ya kariyumu, kandi dioxyde de carbone ya karubone iramenyekana kugirango ikubise akanwa karium
4). Amino Barium irashobora gushonga mumazi yamashanyarazi, ikabyara igisubizo cyubururu hamwe na paramagnesm na paramagnesm na resitite, mubyukuri bifite agaciro ka ammonia. Nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo kubika, hydrogène muri Ammonia izagabanuka kuri gaze ya hydroge na ammonia electron, kandi reaction zose zifatanije namazi ammonia na gaze ya hydrogen.
5). Barium sulfite ni kristu yera cyangwa ifu, uburozi, birashonga gato mumazi, hanyuma ukandagira buhoro buhoro muri salfate iyo ishyizwe mu kirere. Gushonga mu kudaha agaciro acide nka aside hydrochloric kugirango ukoreshe gaze ya sulfur dioxyde de gaze ya dioxyde hamwe na odor. Mugihe uhuye na okide acide nka dilute nitc acide, irashobora guhinduka muri salium sulfate.
6). Muriyimi sulfate ifite imiti mira yimiti, kandi igice cya elifute ya salfate yashonga mumazi ni ionized rwose ionized, ikabigira electrolyte ikomeye. Indwara ya Barium ihumeka muri acide ya dilute nitc. Cyane ikoreshwa nkabakozi bakomeye.
Barium carbonate ni uburozi kandi hafi yahimbye mumazi akonje. Irakira hamwe na sodium sulfate kugirango itange urugwiro rwumuzungu wambaye ubusa - guhindura ibintu hagati yimvura mubisubizo byateganijwe: Biroroshye guhindura inzira ikennye.

6, gushyira mu bikorwa imirima
1. Ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda mugukora umunyu wa bariimini, alloys, fireworks, abafatanije Byakoreshejwe cyane muri alloys, harimo kuyobora, Calcium, Magnesium, sodium, limium, aluminium, na nikel alloys. Icyuma cya Bariimi gishobora gukoreshwa nkumukozi wa desessing kugirango ukureho imyuka ya vace kuva ya vacuum na caty tubes, hamwe nagejejeguza mu rwego rwo gutunganya amashanyarazi. Muriyiri nitrate ivanze na potasiyumu chyasium, ifu ya magnesium, na rosin irashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora amakosa yibimenyetso hamwe na fireworks. Ibigo bya barium bikunze gukoreshwa nkinyigisho, nka chloride ya bariya, kugenzura udukoko butandukanye. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi no guteka kuri causroltic caustic umusaruro soda soda. Ikoreshwa kandi mugutegura pigmen. Inganda zimbuto n'impu zikoresha nka mordant hamwe numukozi ugana kuri silik yubukorikori.
2. Kugereranya no gukoresha ubuvuzi ni imiti ifasha kuri x-ray ikizamini. Ifu yera kandi itaryoshye, ikintu gishobora gutanga itandukaniro ryiza mumubiri mugihe cya X-ray. Ubuvuzi bwarium sulfate ntabwo yinjijwe munzira ya gastrointestinal kandi ntabwo itera alcorgic reaction. Ntabwo irimo ibigo bya barium muri bariimi nka bariimi, salfide ya bariya, na karium carbonate. Cyane ikoreshwa mugupima gastrointestinal, rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa mubindi bikorwa byo gusuzuma

7, uburyo bwo gutegura
Umusaruro w'inganda waMuriyiribigabanyijemo intambwe ebyiri: umusaruro wa barium oxide hamwe no kugabanya ikirere (kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa alumini). Kuri 1000-1200 ℃,Muriyiriurashobora kuboneka mukugabanya orium okiside hamwe na metallic aluminum, hanyuma ugasukurwa na vacuum yamaganye. Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gukora ibyuma bya kariric: kubera ibipimo bitandukanye bigize ibihangano, hashobora kuba ibisubizo bibiri byo kugabanya umusaruro wa aluminium. Ikigereranyo cyo kugarura ni: Ibisubizo byombi birashobora kubyara gusariium ntoya kuri 1000-1200 ℃. Kubwibyo, pompe ya vacuum igomba gukoreshwa kugirango ikomeze kwimura imyuka ya Barium muri zone ya reaction kuri zone ikonje kugirango ukomeze kwimukira iburyo. Ibisigisigi nyuma yo kubyitwaramo nuburozi kandi bigomba kuvurwa mbere yo guta