Erbium, ikintu cya 68 mumeza yigihe.
Kuvumburaerbiumyuzuye impinduramatu. Mu 1787, mu mujyi muto wa Isby, mu birometero 1.6 uvuye muri Stockholm, Suwede, isi nshya idasanzwe yavumbuwe mu ibuye ry'umukara, yitwaga Ytrike Isi ikurikije aho ibyo kuvumbura. Nyuma yimpinduramatwara yubufaransa, imitsi ya chimiste yakoresheje tekinoroji nshya yateye imbere kugirango igabanye ibintu byoroshyeyttriumKuva i Yetrike. Kuri ubu, abantu bamenye ko Ytrike ntabwo ari "igice kimwe" kandi kigasanga izindi oxide ebyiri: umutuku witwaerbium oxide, kandi umutuku wijimye wijimye yitwa terbium oxide. Mu 1843, Mossander yavumbuye Erbium kanditerbium, ariko ntabwo yemeraga ko ibintu bibiri byabonetse byari byiza kandi byashobokaga bivanga nibindi bintu. Mu myaka mirongo yakurikiyeho, abantu bahise bavumbura ko hari ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bivanze, kandi buhoro buhoro harabona ikindi cyicyuma kitari Erbium na terbium.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Erbium ntabwo bworoshye nkubuvumbuzi bwabwo. Nubwo Maussand yavumbuye pink erbium oxide mu 1843, ntabwo yari kugeza 1934 iyo ngero nziza yaerbium icyumabyashyizwemo bitewe no kunoza uburyo bwo kweza. Mu gushyushya no kwezaerbiumna potasiyumu, abantu bageze kugabanuka kwa Erbium na potal potasiyumu. Nubwo bimeze bityo, imitungo ya Erbium irasa nundi buryo bwicyuma cya Lanhanide, bituma habaho ingero zigera kuri 50 mubushakashatsi bujyanye nabyo, nka magnetism, imbaraga zamaterane, hamwe na spartic. Kugeza mu 1959, hamwe no gusaba imiterere yihariye ya elegitoronike ya elegisi ya erbium ya erbium mu birori bigaragara, Erbiyu yitondera kandi hategurwa byinshi na Erbium yateguwe.
Erbium, ifeza yera, ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi yerekana gusa ferromagnesm yegereye zeru yuzuye. Ni superconductor kandi ikanamirwa buhoro buhoro numwuka namazi mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Erbium oxideni ibara ry'umutuku usanzwe rikoreshwa munganda za porcelain kandi ni glaze nziza. Erbium yibanda ku rutare rwibirunga kandi ifite amabuye y'agaciro manini mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa.
Erbium ifite imiterere idasanzwe kandi irashobora guhindura infrared mu mucyo ugaragara, bikabigira ibikoresho byiza byo gukora ibikoresho byashizwe hamwe nibikoresho byera. Nibikoresho byubuhanga muri phoontation, birashoboka ko yikuramo amafoto binyuze murwego rwihariye rwihariye mu rwego rukomeye, hanyuma utamenya kandi tukabarira aba fotone kugirango bakore photon detector. Ariko, imikorere yo kwinjiza mu buryo butaziguye ifotosi ya trions trovalet ntabwo yari hejuru. Ntabwo abahanga mu bya siyansi byateje imbere Erbium bafata ibimenyetso bitaziguye binyuze muri onte ya Optique binyuze muri onte ifasha kandi noneho yimura ingufu kuri Erbium.
Ihame rya Erbium Laser irasa niya holmium laser, ariko imbaraga zayo ziri munsi yiya holmium laser. Erbium laser hamwe nuburebure bwa 2940 Nanometero irashobora gukoreshwa mugukata tissue yoroshye. Nubwo ubu bwoko bwa laser mukarere ka infrared ifite ubushobozi buke bwinjira, birashobora kwishora mubushuhe mu ngingo, kugera ku bisubizo byiza hamwe nimbaraga nke. Irashobora gukata neza, gusya, no gukuraho imyenda yoroshye, igera ku gukira byihuse. Bikoreshwa cyane kubaga laser nko mu kanwa, cataracte yera, ubwiza, gukuramo inkovu, no gukuraho inkeke.
Mu 1985, Kaminuza ya Southampton mu Bwongereza na kaminuza yo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwatsindiye neza neza erbium. Muri iki gihe, Ikibaya cya Wuhan Optics i Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei, Ubushinwa bushoboye gutanga ubwigenge kuri fiblifier ya Erbium no korohereza muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Uburayi, n'ahandi. Iyi porogaramu nimwe mubikorwa bikomeye muri fibre optique itumanaho, mugihe kinini cya Erbium yakorerwa, irashobora kwishyura igihombo cyo gutakaza ibimenyetso bya optique muri sisitemu yo gutumanaho. Ubu ni ibikoresho bya Amplifier bikoreshwa cyane muri fibre optique, birashobora kohereza ibimenyetso bya optique bidakemuye.
Igihe cya nyuma: Kanama-16-2023