Inzira enye zingenzi zikoreshwa mubintu bidasanzwe byubutaka mumodoka nshya yingufu

Mu myaka yashize, amagambo “ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi"," Imodoka nshya zingufu ", na" iterambere ryishyize hamwe "byagaragaye cyane mubitangazamakuru. Kubera iki? Ibi biterwa ahanini n’uko igihugu cyitaweho cyane mu guteza imbere kurengera ibidukikije n’inganda zizigama ingufu, hamwe n’ubushobozi buhebuje bwo guhuza no guteza imbere ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe mu rwego rw’imodoka nshya. Ni ubuhe buryo bune bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa mubintu bidasanzwe by'isi mu binyabiziga bishya?

Ntibisanzwe isi moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho

I

Ntibisanzwe isi moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho

Ntibisanzwe isi ihoraho ya moteri ni ubwoko bushya bwa moteri ihoraho yagaragaye mu ntangiriro ya za 1970. Ihame ryakazi ryayo ni kimwe na moteri ya moteri ikomatanya amashanyarazi, usibye ko iyambere ikoresha rukuruzi ihoraho kugirango isimbuze umuyaga ushimishije kugirango ushimishwe. Ugereranije na moteri gakondo ishimisha amashanyarazi, isi idasanzwe ya moteri ya magneti ihoraho ifite ibyiza byingenzi nkimiterere yoroshye, imikorere yizewe, ingano nto, uburemere bworoshye, igihombo gito, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse. Byongeye kandi, imiterere nubunini bwa moteri birashobora gukorwa muburyo bworoshye, bigatuma bihabwa agaciro cyane mubijyanye n’imodoka nshya. Ntibisanzwe isi ya moteri ihoraho mumamodoka cyane cyane ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ya batiri yingufu mumashanyarazi, gutwara moteri ya moteri kuzunguruka no gutangira moteri.
II

Ntibisanzwe ingufu za batiri

Ibintu bidakunze kubaho kwisi ntibishobora kugira uruhare mugutegura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bya batiri ya lithium, ahubwo birashobora no kuba ibikoresho fatizo byo gutegura electrode nziza kuri batiri ya aside - aside cyangwa bateri ya hydride ya Nickel.

Batiri ya Litiyumu: Bitewe no kongeramo ibintu bidasanzwe byisi, imiterere yimiterere yibikoresho iremezwa cyane, kandi imiyoboro itatu-yimikorere ya lithium ion yimuka nayo yaguwe kurwego runaka. Ibi bifasha bateri ya lithium-ion yateguwe kugirango igire umuriro mwinshi, amashanyarazi ya cycling reversible, hamwe nubuzima burebure.

Bateri ya aside irike: ubushakashatsi bwakozwe murugo bwerekana ko kongeramo isi idasanzwe bifasha mukuzamura imbaraga zingana, gukomera, kurwanya ruswa no kwihinduranya kwa ogisijeni Kurenza urugero rwisasu rishingiye kumavuta ya electrode. Kwiyongera kwisi idasanzwe mubintu bikora birashobora kugabanya irekurwa rya ogisijeni nziza, kuzamura igipimo cyimikoreshereze yibikoresho byiza, bityo bikazamura imikorere nubuzima bwa bateri.

Bateri ya Nickel - icyuma cya hydride: Bateri ya Nickel - icyuma cya hydride ifite ibyiza byubushobozi bwihariye, amashanyarazi menshi, imikorere myiza yo gusohora, kandi nta mwanda uhari, bityo yitwa "bateri yicyatsi" kandi ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, electronike nizindi nzego. Kugirango ugumane ibintu byiza byihuse byihuta biranga bateri ya Nickel - icyuma cya hydride mugihe kibuza kwangirika kwubuzima bwayo, ipatanti yUbuyapani JP2004127549 yerekana ko cathode ya batiri ishobora kuba igizwe nisi idasanzwe ya magnesium nikel ishingiye kububiko bwa hydrogen.

Vehicles Imodoka nshya

III

Catalizator muri ternary catalitike ihindura

Nkuko bizwi, ntabwo ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byose bishobora kugera kuri zeru zeru, nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bivangavanze nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bishobora gusohora ibintu bimwe na bimwe byuburozi mugihe cyo kubikoresha. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya by’imodoka zabo, ibinyabiziga bimwe na bimwe bihatirwa gushyiramo uburyo butatu bwa catalitike ihindura uruganda. Iyo umuyaga mwinshi wubushyuhe bwimodoka unyuze, inzira-eshatu za catalitike zihindura bizamura ibikorwa bya CO, HC na NOx muri Go binyuze mumashanyarazi yubatswe, kugirango babashe kuzuza Redox kandi bitange imyuka itagira ingaruka, ifasha. kurengera ibidukikije.

Ibice byingenzi bigize catalizike ya ternary ni ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka, bigira uruhare runini mukubika ibikoresho, gusimbuza bimwe mubikoresho byingenzi, no kuba infashanyo ya catalitiki. Ubutaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa muri catalizike yo gutunganya gazi umurizo ahanini ni uruvange rwa cerium oxyde, oxyde ya praseodymium na oxyde ya Lanthanum, ikungahaye ku myunyu ngugu idasanzwe mu Bushinwa.

 
IV

Ibikoresho bya Ceramic muri Sensor ya Oxygene

Ntibisanzwe isi ifite ibikorwa byihariye byo kubika ogisijeni bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwa elegitoronike, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugutegura ibikoresho byubutaka bwa sensor ya ogisijeni muri sisitemu yo gutera ibitoro bya elegitoronike, bikavamo imikorere myiza ya catalitiki. Sisitemu yo gutera ibitoro bya elegitoronike nigikoresho cyambere cyo gutera lisansi yemewe na moteri ya lisansi idafite carburetors, igizwe ahanini nibice bitatu byingenzi: sisitemu yikirere, sisitemu ya lisansi, na sisitemu yo kugenzura.

Usibye ibi, ibintu bidasanzwe byisi nabyo bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mubice nkibikoresho, amapine, nicyuma cyumubiri. Turashobora kuvuga ko isi idasanzwe aribintu byingenzi mubice byimodoka nshya.