AImvugo ngenderwaho ni uko niba amavuta arimaraso yinganda, noneho isi idasanzwe ni vitamine yinganda.
Isi idasanzwe ni amagambo ahinnye yitsinda ryibyuma. Ibintu bisanzwe byisi, ree) byavumbuwe nyuma yikinyejana cya 18. Hariho ubwoko bwa ree, harimo 15 Lanthamide mugihe cyigihe cyibice bya chimique-Lanthanum (LE), byakoreshejwe cyane, PRSEODYMIUM, kandi yakoreshejwe cyane, pesethium (PRROCHTHIQUE, Perrochemical, Petrochemical na Metrochemicy. Hafi ya buri myaka 3-5, abahanga bashobora kuvumbura imikoreshereze mishya yisi idasanzwe, kandi imwe muri buri mvugo itandatu ntishobora gutandukana nisi idasanzwe.
Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku isi, urutonde rwisi, kurutonde rwisi itatu: iyambere mubikoresho byumutungo, ibaruramira 23%; Ibisohoka ni ibyambere, bibazwa 80% kugeza kuri 90% yibicuruzwa bidasanzwe kwisi; Umubumbe wo kugurisha ni uwambere, hamwe 60% kugeza 70% byisi idasanzwe yoherezwa mumahanga. Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyonyine gishobora gutanga ubwoko butatu bw'isi budasanzwe, cyane cyane isi isanzwe kandi iremereye hamwe no gukoresha igisirikare cyo gukoresha igisirikare.Shina biragaragara.
RIsi ni umutungo wingenzi, uzwi nka "Inganda za Monosodium" na "nyina wibikoresho bishya", kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukata-ede siyanse nikoranabuhanga. Nk'uko Minisiteri y'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bikora nk'isi idasanzwe ya magnet zihoraho, inganda za peteroli, ingufu za peteroli, inganda zigaragara, inganda zivanze, kurinda ibidukikije, ubuhinzi nibindi. .
Nko mu 1983, Ubuyapani bwashyize ahagaragara gahunda y'ingamba z'ibicuruzwa by'ibihugu bidasanzwe, kandi 83% by'isi idasanzwe yo mu rugo yaturutse mu Bushinwa.
Reba muri Amerika ongera ugerweho ku isi hose ni urwa kabiri gusa mu Bushinwa, ahubwo ni amashyamba adasanzwe y'isi yose yoroheje, igabanijwemo isi idasanzwe. ISI Z'isi Ziduhenze cyane, kandi isi itagaragara y'isi ntishobora kwiheba ku byanjye, yahindutse ku isi idasanzwe y'abantu mu nganda. 80% ya Amerika idasanzwe yisi ituruka mu Bushinwa.
Forrade Deng Xiaoping yigeze kuvuga ati: "Hariho amavuta mu burasirazuba bwo hagati n'isi idasanzwe mu Bushinwa." Guhindura amagambo ye birigaragaza. Isi idasanzwe ntabwo ari ngombwa gusa ku bicuruzwa nkenerwa kuri 1/5 byikoranabuhanga mu isi, ariko nanone chip ikomeye yo guha agaciro Ubushinwa kumeza y'ibiganiro ku isi. Rinda kandi wubuhanga ukoresha umutungo udasanzwe wisi, wahindutse ingamba zigihugu zahamagariwe nabantu bafite ibitekerezo byinshi mumyaka yashize kugirango birinde imitungo idakwiye yo kugurisha buhumyi noherezwa mubihugu byiburengerazuba. Mu 1992, Deng Xiaoping yavuze neza ko Ubushinwa bumaze ku isi nk'igihugu kinini cy'isi.
Urutonde rwimikoreshereze yisi 17 idasanzwe
1 Lanthanam ikoreshwa muri Asfory Ibikoresho hamwe na firime zubuhinzi
Cerium akoreshwa cyane mubirahure byimodoka
3 Praseodymium ikoreshwa cyane muri Ceramic pigment
Neodymium ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya Aerospace
5 ibyuma bitanga imbaraga zubufasha kuri satelite
Gushyira mu bikorwa Samariya 6 muri Atome Ingufu za Atome
Ingendo 7 Europium hamwe na kirisiti ya kirisiti yerekana
Gadolinium 8 kubuvuzi bwa magnetic resonance imaging
9 terbium ikoreshwa mu ndege yindege
10 Erbium ikoreshwa muri Laser Rangefinder mubibazo bya gisirikare
Amagambo 11 ya DysProsium akoreshwa nkumucyo wo gucana kuri firime no gucapa
12 Hollymium ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byitumanaho bya optique
13 Thulium ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma no kuvura ibibyimba
14 ytterbium yongeyeho kubintu bya mudasobwa
Gusaba 15 Luthetium mumakoranabuhanga rya Bateri yingufu
16 ytrikeum akora insinga hamwe nindege zihatirwa
Scandium akenshi ikoreshwa mugukora alloys
Ibisobanuro birakurikira:
1
Lanthanam (LA)
Mu ntambara yo mu bigosha, igikoresho cya Vision Ijoro hamwe n'isi idasanzwe y'isi Lantham yabaye Inkomoko Yinshi y'Ikibindi.Ishusho yavuzwe haruguru yerekana ifu ya Lanthanum(Ikarita ya Data)
Lanthanum ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya Piezoelectric, ibikoresho bya electrothelmal, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya magneecestique, ibikoresho byubururu, nibindi bikoresho bya oprique, nibindi bikoresho bya optal, nibindi bikoresho bya optar,. ibihingwa.
2
Cerium (ce)
Cerium irashobora gukoreshwa nka catalyst, arc electrode hamwe nibirahuri bidasanzwe.cerium(Ikarita ya Data)
. Mu 1996, byibuze toni 2000 za ceria zakoreshwaga mu kirahure cy'imodoka, na toni zirenga 1000 muri Amerika.
. Kunywa cerium muri leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika kuri kimwe cya gatatu cyicyahiswe cyane kwisi idasanzwe.
. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora plastiki, amatara, wino nimpanda.at ihari, isosiyete iyobora ni rhone yubufaransa.
. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya intwaro zumujyi nubuvuzi mugukurikirana ibitekerezo bya Tryptophan.cerium bikoreshwa cyane mumirima myinshi. Hafi ya Porogaramu ya Leta zose zirimo cerium.Suba nk'ifu yo gusya, ibikoresho byo kubika hydrogen.
3
Praseodymium (PR)
Praseoodymium Neodymium Alloy
. Irashobora kuvangwa na ceramic glaze kugirango ikore ibara, kandi irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibice byo munsi yingurube. Pigment ni umuhondo wumuhondo ufite ibara ryiza kandi ryiza.
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Neodymium (nd)
Kuki M1 tank ishobora kuboneka mbere? Ikigega gifite ND: Yag Laser Rangefinder, ishobora kugera kuri metero 4000 mumiti isobanutse(Ikarita ya Data)
Hamwe n'ivuka rya Praseodymium, Neodymium yaje kubaho. Ukuza kwa Neoodymium bakoresheje umurima udasanzwe w'isi, wagize uruhare runini mu murima w'isi udasanzwe, kandi wagize uruhare mu isoko ry'isi ridasanzwe.
Neodymium yabaye ahantu hashyushye kumasoko imyaka myinshi kubera umwanya wihariye mumwanya wisi idasanzwe. Umukoresha munini wa Neodymium sit ni NDfeb ibikoresho bisanzwe bya magnet. Guhiza Ndfeb muri magneti ihoraho yateye imbere imbaraga nshya mu isi idasanzwe tekinoroji ya tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ndfeb Marunet yitwa "umwami wa magnets uhoraho" kubera imbaraga zayo ndende ya magnetic.ibiri bikoreshwa cyane muri elegitoroniki, imashini nizindi nganda nizindi nganda zimikorere yacyo nziza. Iterambere ryiza rya Alpha Magnetic ryerekana ko imitungo ya magneti ya magneb mu Bushinwa yinjiye kurwego rwisi. Neodymium nayo ikoreshwa mubikoresho bidahuzuye. Ongeraho 1.5-2.5% Neodymium muri Magnesium cyangwa Aluminum birashobora guteza imbere imikorere miremire, gukomera ikirere hamwe no kurwanya ruswa ya alyloy. Byongeye kandi, Nettymium-Desrium aluminium Garnet itanga ibiti bigufi, bikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira no gutema ibikoresho byoroheje bifite ubunini buri munsi ya 10mm mu nganda. Kuvura, ND: Yag Laser ikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibikomere byo kubaga cyangwa kwangiza ibisumico aho kuba scalpel. Neodymium nayo ikoreshwa mugukora amabara hamwe nibikoresho c'ikirahuri hamwe no kongeramo ibicuruzwa bya rubber.
5
Trollium (PM)
Thulium nikintu cya radioactique cya radioactive cyatanzwe nabatwara na kirimbuzi (ikarita yamakuru)
(1) irashobora gukoreshwa nkubushyuhe. Tanga imbaraga zifasha zo kumenya vateuum na satelite.
. Nkimbaraga zo gutanga imbaraga zo kuyobora misile n'amasaha. Ubu bwoko bwa bateri ni nto mubunini kandi irashobora gukoreshwa ubudahwema imyaka itari mike. Byongeye kandi, promethium nayo ikoreshwa mubikoresho byimukanwa byateganijwe, gutegura fosifori, gupima ubwinshi hamwe nitara rya beacon.
6
Samariya (SM)
Icyuma Samariya (Ikarita ya Data)
Sm ni umuhondo woroheje, kandi ni ibikoresho bibisi bya mag-cona gihoraho, na sm-cognet ni intangiriro yisi magnet yakoreshwaga mu nganda. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa magnets zihoraho: Sisitemu ya SMCO5 na SM2CO17 sisitemu. Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, sisitemu ya SMCO5 yavumbuwe, kandi sisitemu ya SM2Co17 yahimbwe mugihe cyakurikiyeho. Noneho icyifuzo cya nyuma kiboneka. Isuku ya oxide ya Samarium ikoreshwa muri Samarium Magnet ntagomba kuba hejuru cyane. Urebye ikiguzi, cyane cyane ukoresheje 95% yibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, oximide samarium nayo ikoreshwa mubushobozi bwa charamic hamwe na katali. Byongeye kandi, Samarium ifite imitungo ya kirimbuzi, ishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka, ibikoresho bikingira hamwe nibikoresho byo kugenzura abakira ingufu za atome, kugirango imbaraga nini zibeho zikoreshwa neza.
7
Europium (EU)
Ifu ya Europium Oxide (Ikarita ya Data)
Europium oxide ikoreshwa ahanini kuri fosifori (ikarita yamakuru)
Mu 1901, Eugene-antoleatedmarcay yavumbuye ikintu gishya kuva kuri "Samasium", cyiswe Europium. Ibi birashoboka ko bitavuzwe inyuma yijambo Uburayi. Europium oxide ikoreshwa ahanini kuri ifu ya fluorescent. EU3 + ikoreshwa nkumukoresha wa fosifori itukura, na EU2 + ikoreshwa nka fosifori yubururu. Ubu Y2O2s: Eu3 + ni fosifori nziza muburyo bukuru, gukopera igihanganye no gusubiramo ibiciro bya recycling.ibyongeyeho, birakoreshwa cyane kubera iterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kunyuranye. Europium oxide nayo yakoreshejwe muburyo bushimishije bwa mokhor kuri sisitemu nshya ya x-ray mumyaka yashize. Europium oxide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora inzira y'amabara hamwe no muyungurura neza, kubikoresho bya magnetike, birashobora kwerekana impano zayo mubikoresho byo kugenzura, ibikoresho bikingira hamwe nibikoresho byubaka.
8
Gadolinium (gd)
GADOLINIUM na isotopesi yacyo nibikorwa byiza cyane kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nkibibuza abakiranya kiriba. (Ikarita ya Data)
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9
Terbium (tb)
Ifu ya Terbium (Ikarita ya Data)
Gusaba terbium ahanini birimo umushinga muremure-tekinoroji yubuhanga, ni umushinga ucamo amakorari hamwe nikoranabuhanga rifite ubuhanga nubumenyi, hamwe numushinga ufite inyungu zidasanzwe zubukungu, hamwe niterambere ryiza.
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(2) magneto-optique ibikoresho byo kubika. Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho bya videwo bya magneto-optique byageze ku gipimo cy'umusaruro mwinshi. Magneto-optique Discs ikozwe muri tb-fe amorhous film ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya mudasobwa, nubushobozi bwo kubikamo byiyongereye inshuro 10 ~ 15.
. By'umwihariko, iterambere rya Terfengol ryafunguye ikoreshwa rya Terfengol, ni ibintu bishya byavumbuwe mu 1970. Kimwe cya kabiri cyiyi myanya igizwe na terium na dysgrosium, rimwe na rimwe hamwe na Hollymium hamwe nicyuma. Abahumurizaga bwa mbere na Laboratoire ya Ames muri Iowa, muri Amerika. Iyo terfengol ashyirwa mumurima wa rukuruzi, ingano yacyo irahinduka ibirenze iy'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya magneti, bishobora gutuma habaho ingeza ifatika. Icyuma cya terbium gikoreshwa cyane muri sonar ubanza, kandi cyakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego nyinshi kuri sisitemu yo gutera inshinge, imiyoboro y'amazi, uburyo bwa mashini, uburyo bwo kwinjiza imashini ya telesikope y'indege.
10
DY (DY)
Icyuma DysProsium (Ikarita ya Data)
. Kera, icyifuzo cya DysPruim nticyari kinini, ariko gisaba magneti ya NDfeb, cyahindutse ikintu gikenewe, kandi amanota agomba kuba hafi 95 ~ 99.9%, kandi icyifuzo nacyo cyiyongera cyane.
(2) DysProsium ikoreshwa nkumukoresha wa fosifor. Ubukinyiye Dysprosium ni ugukora ikizere ion ya Tricolor Ibikoresho hamwe na luminescent ikigo. Ahanini igizwe na bande ebyiri zo mu masahani, imwe yomworoheje yoroheje, ikindi ni imyuka yoroheje. Ibikoresho bya lumecent byakorewe na dysprosium birashobora gukoreshwa nka fosifor ya Tricolor.
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. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, ibisabwa bya Dysprosium bizakomeza kwaguka no kurambirwa.
11
Hollymium (HO)
Ho-Fe Alloy (Ikarita ya Data)
Kugeza ubu, gushyira mu bikorwa imyaburo bigomba gukomeza gutera imbere, kandi gukoresha ntabwo ari binini cyane. Vuba aha, Ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku isi kidasanzwe cyateguye ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi tekinoroji yo kwezwa mu buryo bworoshye, kandi iteje imbere ibyuma bikabije.
Kugeza ubu, imikoreshereze nyamukuru yifunga ni:
. Kugeza ubu, isi idasanzwe ikoreshwa cyane, isohora imirongo itandukanye iyo imaze kurengana. Ibikorwa byakazi bikoreshwa mu matara y'icyuma ni Qinayode, Kwibanda kuri Atome y'ibyuma birashobora kuboneka muri zone ya ARC, bityo utezimbere cyane imirasire.
(2) Icyuma kirashobora gukoreshwa nkinyongera kugirango ufate ibyuma cyangwa miliyari ya aluminium
(3) Ibikorwa bya Aluminium Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresha Ho: Yag Laser kubikorwa byubuvuzi, ntibishobora kunoza imikorere no kuba ukuri, ariko nanone kugabanya ahantu hangiritse nyakubahwa mubunini buto. Beam yubusa yakozwe na kirifuro ya kirifuro harashobora gukuraho ibinure utabanje kubyara ubushyuhe bwinshi, haravugwa ko Cloucoma yangiza mu Bushinwa. Urwego rwa 2Ubucuruzi rwa 2
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12
Erbium (ER)
Ifu ya erbium yamamaza (imbonerahamwe yamakuru)
. Nyuma yo gushimishwa na 9800 kandi 1480mm, baion ion (er30 / 2 kugeza kuri leta yingufu za leta 413/2. Firmz fibre irashobora kohereza urumuri rwuburebure butandukanye, ariko, igipimo cya optique cyitsinda rya 1550nm nicyo gipimo cya fibre cya fibre. Kwishyura igihombo muri sisitemu y'itumanaho hakurikijwe ihame rya laser, kubwibyo, murwego rwitumanaho rukeneye kwishura ikimenyetso cya 1500nm, ibyangombwa bya fiblifier nikintu cyingenzi. Kugeza ubu, ababitsi ba Silica fiblica fiblica fiblica bakuweho
(2). Yakozwe muri parsefinder ya laseble ari umutekano kumaso yabantu mugukoresha ibisirikare.
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(4) er3 + irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkion ikora muburyo budasanzwe kwisi hose ibikoresho bya laser.
(5).
13
Thulium (TM)
Nyuma yo gucika intege muri reaction(Ikarita ya Data)
(1)TM ikoreshwa nkisoko ryimiti yimashini ya X-ray. Nyuma yo kurakara muri reaction ya kirimbuzi,TMitanga ubwoko bwa isotope ishobora gusohora x-ray, ishobora gukoreshwa mugukora amaraso yatobora. Ubu bwoko bwa radiyo bushobora guhindura Yu-169TM-170 munsi y'ibikorwa byo hejuru no hagati, no kumurika x-ray kuri maraso no kugabanya selile yera. Iyi selile zera ni selile zitera kwangwa no kwangwa, kugirango ugabanye hakiri kare inzego.
(2) (2)TMIrashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubuvuzi no kuvura ikibyimba kubera ubuhinzi bwayo bukabije, isi idasanzwe irasa nkaho ihuza isi idasanzwe, cyane cyane yubanini.
(3).
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14
Ytterbium (yb)
Ytterbium icyuma (ikarita yamakuru)
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(3) Ikintu cyindorerwamo gikoreshwa mugupima igitugu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kumva ibintu by'indorerwamo biri hejuru mu kaga gakondo ka kalibrate, ifungura inzira nshya yo gushyira mu bikorwa indorerwamo mu gupima igitugu.
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. Byongeye kandi, indorerwamo nayo ikoreshwa mu gufata ifu ya fluorescent
15
Luthetium (Lu)
Ifu ya Lutide oxide (Ikarita ya Data)
Yttrium Luthetium ludetium Crystal (Ikarita yamakuru)
(1) Kora bimwe bihariye. Kurugero, Luthetium aluminum alloy irashobora gukoreshwa musesengura rya neutron.
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(4) Ibikoresho fatizo bya magnetiki rebable ikigega.
.) Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko Luthetium-Dyettal yakoreye nyakubahwa ari hejuru ya Nyab kristu muburyo bwa optique no gukora laser.
. Byongeye kandi, Luthetium nayo ikoreshwa mumakoranabuhanga rya bateri yingufu hamwe na fosifore ya fosifori.
16
Yttrium (y)
YTTRIUM ikoreshwa cyane, Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, yakoreshwaga mu makoraniro ya Laser, Yttrium Garness Technology na Acousrium Oxide yo kwimura ya microwave hamwe na Europium. (Ikarita ya Data)
. Fecr Asloy ikubiyemo 0.5-4% yttrium, ishobora kuzamura ibimasa no gupfusha ibw'ibibabi bidafite ishingiro; Ibintu byuzuye bya Mb26 biragaragara ko byatejwe imbere wongeyeho isi idasanzwe ya Yttinum, ishobora gusimbuza aluminiyumu-ikomeye ya alumini kandi igakoreshwa mu bice bihangayikishije indege. Ongeraho umubare muto wa Yttir-adasanzwe ya YtTriam muri al-ZR Alloy, imyitwarire yiyo Aliloy irashobora gutera imbere; Akomy yakiriwe n'inganda nyinshi z'umugozi mu Bushinwa. Ongeraho ytrike mumuringa ubudodo utezimbere imikorere nimbaraga zubukanishi.
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(4) ecran ya electron
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. Byongeye kandi, yttrium nayo ikoreshwa nkubushyuhe bukabije, dilunt kuri lisansi ya atome, hakongerwaho ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, hamwe nibikoresho bya madonori.
17
Scandium (SC)
Icyuma cya scandium (ikarita yamakuru)
Ugereranije na yttrium eclements, scanium ifite radiyo ntoya ya ionic na alkalinity ya alkalide ya hydroxide. Kubwibyo, iyo scanendium yisi yisi ivanze hamwe, scanendium izacika hamwe na Ammonia (cyangwa dilute ya Alkali), bityo irashobora gutandukana byoroshye nisi idasanzwe nuburyo bwa "Imvura idasanzwe". Ubundi buryo nugukoresha polarisation ya Nitrate kugirango utandukane.Scrium Nitrate ni yoroheje yo kubora, bityo igera ku ntego yo gutandukana.
SC irashobora kuboneka na electrolysis. Sccl3, KCL na Licl bashonga mugihe gitunganya, kandi binc yashongejwe nka catrode ya electrolysis, kuburyo scandete ihinduka kuri zinc electrode, hanyuma zinc ihinduka kugirango ibone scandium. Byongeye kandi, scandium yoroshye mugihe cyo gutunganya amabuye yo kubyara Uranium, Thorium na Lanthanide. Ikirangantego cyo kugarura Scandium ifitanye isano na Tungsten na tin nanone nimwe mu masoko y'ingenzi ya Scandium.Scndium ni mainly muri leta yoroheje mubice, byoroshye okiside muri SC2O3 mu kirere kandi itakaza ibyuma byayo hanyuma ihinduka imvi yijimye.
Imikoreshereze nyamukuru ya Scandium ni:
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. Scandium chloride ni kristu yera, gushonga mumazi nayakoreye mu kirere. . Kurugero, ongeraho imiyoboro mike kugirango icyuma gihuze birashobora kunoza imitungo yicyuma, mugihe wongeyeho imiyoboro mito kuri alumini, irashobora kunoza imbaraga nubushyuhe.
(4) Mu nganda za elegitoroniki, Scandium irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bitandukanye byurwego. Kurugero, gusaba SULFITE SUlFite muri Semicondu byakunze kwitabwaho murugo no mumahanga, kandi Ferrite irimo Scandium nayo itanga ikizeremudasobwa ya magnetic.
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(6) Mu nganda yikirahure, ibirahuri bidasanzwe birimo scandium birashobora kubambwa.
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(8) Scandium ibaho muburyo bwa 45sc muri kamere. Byongeye kandi, hari isotopesi icyenda ya radio ikora muri scandium, arizo 40 ~ 44Sc na 46 ~ 49SC. Muri bo, 46sc, nk'umurongo wacyo, wakoreshwaga mu nganda za shimi, metallurgie na octaomography. Mu buvuzi, hari abantu mu mahanga bigana bakoresheje 46Sc gufata i Kanseri.
Igihe cyohereza: Jul-04-2022