Ubumaji Rare Isi Ikintu: "Umwami wa magnet uhoraho" -Neodymium

bastnasite

Neodymium, Atomic Umubare wa 60, uburemere bwa atomic 144.24, hamwe nibikubiye muri 0.00239% mubukorikori, cyane cyane muri Monazite na basnaesute. Hariho isotopesiyo zirindwi muri neodymium muri kamere: Neodymium 142, 143, 144, 145, 145, 148 na 150, muri ibyo, ni ubuhe buryo bworoshye 142 bufite ibikubiyemo. Hamwe n'ivuka rya Praseodymium, Neodymium yaje kubaho. Ukuza kwa Neoodymium bakoresheje urwego rwisi rwisi kandi bakisha uruhare runini muri yo.kandi bigira ingaruka ku isoko ryisi idasanzwe.

Kuvumbura Neodymium

Karl Orvon WelSbach (1858-1929), kuvumbura kwa Neodeymium

Mu 1885, Cherique Chendiste Carl Orvon Welsbach Carl Auer von Welyach yavumbuye Neodymium i Vienne. Yatandukanije Neodymium na Praseoodymium mu bikoresho bya Neodymium batandukana no guhimba asmonium Nitcin TETRARYDAT yaturutse muri aside ya nitcic, kandi igihe kimwe cyatandukanijwe nisesengura ugereranije kugeza 1925.

Kuva mu 1950, inzu yo gukura cyane (hejuru ya 99%) yabonetse ahanini uburyo bwo guhana muri Monazite. Icyuma ubwacyo kiboneka muguhitamo electrolyzing umunyu wa Halide. Kugeza ubu, Neodymium nyinshi yakuwe muri (IC, LA, nd, PR) CO3F i Basta Natanite kandi yasukuyeho gukuramo. Intu Guhana Ihuza Reserve ko isuku cyane (mubisanzwe> 99.99%) yo kwitegura.

Neodymium

Metallic Neodymium ifite irari ryiza rya feza, gusangira 1024 ° C, ubucucike bwa 7.004 G / CM, na paramagnesm. Neodymium nimwe mubice byingenzi byisi byisi, bikaba byihuta byijimye kandi byijimye mu kirere, hanyuma bikaba bigize urwego rwa okipiki hanyuma ugatera icyuma, shyiramo icyuma. Kubwibyo, urufunguzo rwa Neodeymium hamwe nubunini bwa santimetero imwe ni okiside rwose mugihe cyumwaka umwe. Irakira buhoro buhoro mumazi akonje kandi byihuse mumazi ashyushye.

Iboneza rya elegine

Iboneza rya elegitoronike:

1S2 2s2 2P6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5p6 5p6 5p10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Imikorere ya laser ya neodymium iterwa no kwitwara bya electron ya 4f ya kane hagati yingufu zitandukanye. Ibikoresho bya laser bikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho, kubika amakuru, gufatanya, imashini, nibindi (YTC-DULLIMINIM SCANIMWE12: ND (YIKURIKIRA GADIUM GAllium Gallium hamwe no gukora neza.

Gusaba Neodymium

Umukoresha munini wa Neodymium ni Ndfeb ibikoresho bisanzwe bya magnet. Ndfeb Marunet yitwa "umwami wa magneti uhoraho" kubera ibicuruzwa byingufu nyinshi bya magnetiki. Byakoreshejwe cyane muri elegitoroniki, imashini nizindi nganda zimikorere yacyo nziza. Ubwongereza bw'ubwongereza, urukuta rwa Francis, umwarimu wo gucunga amabuye y'agaciro ku ishuri ry'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, muri kaminuza ya Expete, mu Bwongereza.

Neodymium Magnet kuri disiki ikomeye

Neodymium irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ceramic, ikirahuri cyiza cyijimye, ruby ​​ya artificiel muri laser nigihure kidasanzwe gishobora kuyungurura imirasire yimirasire. Ikoreshwa hamwe na Praseodymium kugirango ikore goggles kubirahuri.

Ongeraho 1.5% ~ 2.5% Nano Neodymium oxide muri magnesium cyangwa aluminium allay irashobora kuzamura imikorere yubushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana bwa aluminiyumu burashobora guteza imbere ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana bwa kaburimbo hamwe nimbaraga zagaburindi hamwe nibikoresho bya aerospace kugirango bigaragare.

Nano-yttrium aluminium Garnet yakoranye na Nano-Neodeymium oxide itaragira umupira muremure, ikoreshwa cyane mugusumura no gutema ibikoresho byoroheje munsi ya 10mm mu nganda.

ND: Yag Laser Inkoni

Kuvura, Nano Yttrium Aluminum Garner yakorewe na Nano Neodymium oxide yo kubaga cyangwa kwanduza ibikomere byo kubaga.

Ikirahuri cya Neodymium gikozwe no kongeramo neodymium oxide mu kirahure. Lavender ubusanzwe igaragara mu kirahure cya Neodymium munsi y'izuba cyangwa itara rya incagent, ariko ubururu bworoshye bugaragara munsi y'umuriro wa fluostcent. Neodymium arashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura ibara ryikirahure nka virusire nziza, vino umutuku kandi ususurutsa imvi.

Ikirahure cya Neoodymium

Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga no kwaguka no kwagura isi idasanzwe n'ikoranabuhanga, Neodymium izaba ifite umwanya wagutse