Dysprosium,ikimenyetso Dy na atomike nimero 66. Ni aisi idasanzwehamwe nicyuma. Dysprosium ntabwo yigeze iboneka nkikintu kimwe muri kamere, nubwo kibaho mumabuye y'agaciro atandukanye nka yttrium fosifate.
Ubwinshi bwa dysprosium mubutaka ni 6ppm, iri munsi yubwa
yttriummubintu biremereye bidasanzwe byisi. Bifatwa nkibiremereye cyane
isi idasanzwe kandi itanga umutungo mwiza wo kuyikoresha.
Dysprosium mumiterere yayo isanzwe igizwe na isotopi irindwi, iyinshi ikaba 164 Dy.
Dysprosium yabanje kuvumburwa na Paul Achilleck de Bospoland mu 1886, ariko ni bwo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhanahana ion mu myaka ya za 1950 ari bwo ryitaruye burundu. Dysprosium ifite porogaramu nkeya kuko ntishobora gusimburwa nibindi bintu bya shimi.
Umunyu wa dysprosium ushonga ufite uburozi buke, mugihe imyunyu idashonga ifatwa nkuburozi.
Kuvumbura Amateka
Yavumbuwe na: L. Boisbaudran, Igifaransa
Yavumbuwe mu 1886 mu Bufaransa
Mossander amaze gutandukanaerbiumisi naterbiumisi kuva yttrium isi mumwaka wa 1842, abahanga mubya shimi benshi bakoresheje isesengura ryikigereranyo kugirango bamenye kandi bamenye ko atari oxyde nziza yikintu, cyashishikarizaga abahanga mu bya shimi gukomeza kubatandukanya. Nyuma yimyaka irindwi itandukanijwe na holmium, mu 1886, Bouvabadrand yagabanyijemo kabiri agumana holmium, irindi ryitwa dysprosium, hamwe nikimenyetso cyibanze Dy. Iri jambo rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki dysprositos kandi risobanura 'kubona bigoye'. Hamwe no kuvumbura dysprosium nibindi bintu bidasanzwe byisi, ikindi gice cya gatatu cyicyiciro cya gatatu cyibintu bidasanzwe byavumbuwe byarangiye.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike
Imiterere ya elegitoroniki:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotope
Muburyo busanzwe, dysprosium igizwe na isotopi irindwi: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, na 164Dy. Ibi byose bifatwa nkaho bihamye, nubwo 156Dyangirika hamwe nigice cyubuzima burenze imyaka 1 * 1018. Muri isotopi isanzwe iboneka, 164Dy niyinshi cyane kuri 28%, ikurikirwa na 162Dy kuri 26%. Nibura bihagije ni 156Dy, 0,06%. Isotopi 29 ya radiyo ikora nayo yashizwe hamwe, kuva kuri 138 kugeza 173, mubijyanye na misa ya atome. Igihamye cyane ni 154Dy hamwe nigice cyubuzima bwimyaka igera kuri 3106, hagakurikiraho 159Dy hamwe nigice cyubuzima bwiminsi 144.4. Ihungabana cyane ni 138 Dy hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyubuzima bwa milisegonda 200. 154Dy ahanini iterwa no kwangirika kwa alfa, mugihe 152Dy na 159Dy kwangirika ahanini biterwa no gufata electron.
Icyuma
Dysprosium ifite icyuma cyiza kandi cyiza cya feza. Nibyoroshye cyane kandi birashobora gutunganywa nta gucana niba birinze ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibintu bifatika bya dysprosium bigira ingaruka kumubare muto. Dysprosium na holmium bifite imbaraga za magneti nyinshi, cyane cyane ku bushyuhe buke. Dysprosium ferromagnet yoroheje ihinduka antifirromagnetique ihindagurika mubushyuhe buri munsi ya 85 K (-188.2 C) no hejuru ya 85 K (-188.2 C), aho atome zose zihwanye nigice cyo hasi mugihe runaka kandi zigahuza ibice byegeranye kuruhande . Iyi antifirromagnetism idasanzwe ihinduka muburyo budahwitse (paramagnetic) kuri 179 K (-94 C).
Gusaba ：
. Mu bihe byashize, icyifuzo cya dysprosium nticyari kinini, ariko hamwe n’ibikenerwa na magneti ya neodymium fer boron, byahindutse ikintu cyongeweho gikenewe, gifite amanota agera kuri 95-99.9%, kandi icyifuzo nacyo kiriyongera cyane.
. Igizwe ahanini na bande ebyiri zangiza, imwe ni imyuka yumuhondo, indi ni imyuka yubururu. Dysprosium doped luminescent ibikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa nka fosifori ya tricolor.
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(4)Dysprosium icyuma Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika magneto-optique ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gufata amajwi no gusoma.
(5) Mugutegura amatara ya dysprosium, ibintu bikora bikoreshwa mumatara ya dysprosium ni iyode ya dysprosium. Ubu bwoko bwamatara bufite ibyiza nkumucyo mwinshi, ibara ryiza, ubushyuhe bwamabara menshi, ubunini buto, hamwe na arc ihamye. Byakoreshejwe nkumucyo wamafirime, icapiro, nibindi bikoresho byo kumurika.
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(7) Dy3Al5O12 irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibintu bikora rukuruzi ya firigo. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, imirima ikoreshwa ya dysprosium izakomeza kwaguka no kwaguka.
. Gushyushya igisubizo cyamazi ya DyBr3 na NaF kumuvuduko wa bar 450 kumasaha 17 kugeza kuri 450 ° C birashobora kubyara fibre ya dysprosium. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kuguma mubisubizo bitandukanye byamazi mugihe cyamasaha arenga 100 nta gusesa cyangwa kwegeranya kubushyuhe burenze 400 ° C.
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. Dysprosium hamwe nibiyigize bifite imiterere ikomeye ya magnetique, bigatuma iba ingirakamaro mubikoresho byo kubika amakuru nka disiki zikomeye.
. Ikoreshwa mubisabwa hamwe nibikorwa bisabwa cyane nka moteri yimodoka itwara amashanyarazi. Imodoka zikoresha ubu bwoko bwa magneti zirashobora kuba zifite garama 100 za dysprosium kuri buri kinyabiziga. Nk’uko Toyota ivuga ko buri mwaka igurishwa ry’imodoka miliyoni 2, vuba aha izagabanuka ku isi yose itanga ibyuma bya dysprosium. Magnets yasimbuwe na dysprosium nayo ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.
(12) Ibikoresho bya Dysprosium birashobora gukoreshwa nkumusemburo wo gutunganya peteroli ninganda zikora imiti. Niba dysprosium yongeweho nka porotokoro yubaka muri catalizike ya ferrioxide ammonia synthesis, ibikorwa bya catalitiki hamwe nubushyuhe bwa catalizator birashobora kunozwa. Dysprosium oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byinshi bya dielectric ceramic yibikoresho, hamwe nuburyo bwa Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, bushobora gukoreshwa kuri resonator ya dielectric, filteri ya dielectric, diplexer ya dielectric, nibikoresho byitumanaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2023