Praseodymiumni kimwe cya gatatu cyinshi lanthanide mumeza yigihe cyibintu bya chimique, hamwe na 9.5 ppm muri chost, munsi yacerium, yttrium,lanthanam, nascandium. Nibintu bya gatanu cyane mubice bidasanzwe byisi. Ariko nk'izina rye,Praseodymiumni umunyamuryango woroshye kandi udashyizwe mu muryango udasanzwe isi.
CF auer von WelSbach yavumbuye Praseoodymium mu 1885.
Mu 1751, Thelabelog The Axrelog Axred Fredrik Crowsadt yabonye amabuye y'agaciro aremereye mu gace ka bastn. Nyuma yimyaka mirongo itatu, umusukiki w'imizu mirongo itanu, umuhigi w'imyaka cumi n'itanu wo mu muryango wari ufite ibyanjye byohereje ingero ze kuri Carl Scheele, ariko ntiyavumbuye ibintu bishya. Mu 1803, nyuma y'umuririmbyi aba umucuzi, yasubiye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro hamwe na J Ö NS Jacob Bexiyo, atandukanya umubumbyi mushya, umubumbe wa Dwarf wavumbuye, bavumbuye hashize imyaka ibiri. Ceria yatandukanijwe yigenga na Martin Heinrich Klaproth mu Budage.
Hagati ya 1839 na 1843, umuganga wo muri Suwede na chemiste Carl Gustaf Mosandyer yavumbuyeceride oxideyari uruvange rwinka. Yatandukanije izindi masaya ibiri, yise lanthana na Didymia "Didymia" (bisobanura "impanga" mu kigereki). Yaboshye igicecerium nitrateIcyitegererezo no kuzika mu kirere, hanyuma ubigarurira aside nitric aside ya dilute kugirango ibone umuringa. Ibyuma bigize iyi myanda rero byitirirwalanthanamnaPraseodymium.
Mu 1885, CF Auer von Welsbach, umunyu wa Otirishiya ya Thoumu, utandukanye na Neodymium, umunyu w'ibendera ", urubingo rw'icyatsi kibisi kandi rwiyemeje kuba ibintu bibiri bishya. Umwe yitwa "Praseodymium", ava mu ijambo ry'Ikigereki prason, bisobanura icyatsi kibisi kuko igisubizo cya Praseodymium cy'uruzi umunyu kizerekana ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi; Ikindi kintu cyitwa "Neodymium". Gutandukanya neza kwa "Impanga zifatanije" yabafashaga kwerekana impano zabo zigenga.
Ifeza yera, yoroshye na ductile. Praseodymium ifite imiterere ya kirisiti ya hexstal mu bushyuhe bwicyumba. Kurwanya ruswa mu kirere birakomeye kuruta iy Lanthanum, Centymium, na Europium, ariko iyo ihuye n'umwuka, kandi iyo ihuye n'umwuka, kandi iyo santimetero imwe y'umukara ikozwe, kandi iyo santimetero imwe y'umukara ikozwe neza.
Nka benshiibintu bidasanzwe byisi, Praseoodymium birashoboka cyane ko ikora leta ya okiside yanduye + 3, niyo leta ihamye ihamye mubisubizo bitangaje. Praseodymium ibaho muri leta ya 4 ya okiside muri bamwe mu bice bizwi, kandi iyobowe na Matrix gutandukana, irashobora kugera kuri leta idasanzwe + 5 ya okiside iri mu bintu bya Lanhanide.
PraseoodMymium ya aon ion ni chartreuse, kandi ikoreshwa ryinganda za Praseodymium zirimo ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura urumuri rwumuhondo mu masoko yumuhondo.
Praseodymium Imiterere ya elegitoroniki
Ibyaha bya elegitoroniki:
1S2 2s2 2P6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5p6 5s2 4d10 5p66s2 4f3
Amashanyarazi 59 ya Praseodymium ateguwe nka [xe] 4f36s2. Ubuntu, electron zose zo hanze zirashobora gukoreshwa nka Valence Electron, ariko ikoreshwa rya electrons eshanu eshanu zisaba ibintu bikabije. Mubisanzwe, Praseoodymium isohora gusa electron eshatu cyangwa enye mubikorwa byayo. Praseoodymium nicyo kintu cyambere cya Lanhanide gifite iboneza rya elegitoronike bihuye nihame rya Aufbau. 4f orbital yayo ifite imbaraga zikoreshwa kurenza 5d orbital, idakoreshwa kuri lanthanam na cerium, nkuko bigabanuka gutunguranye kwa charhanali bitabaho kugeza igihe yashizeho igikono cya 5D muri cerium. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Praseoodymium ikomeye ya Erekana [xe] 4f25D16S2, aho electron imwe muri 5D isa nizindi elepite (usibye Eurocium na Eurobike,.
Kimwe nibintu byinshi bya Lannthanide, Praseodymium isanzwe ikoresha electron eshatu gusa nka Valence Electron Ingaruka ya Xenon kugirango igere kuri nucleti, ikurikirwa na 5d na 6s, kandi yongera kwiyongera kwa Ionic. Ariko, Praseoodymium irashobora gukomeza gutakaza icya kane ndetse rimwe na rimwe electron ya gatanu ya elecran, kuko ingufu za kirimbuzi zikiri hasi cyane kugirango wemererwe gukuraho electron.
Praseoodymium na Lanthanide yose (usibyelanthanam, ytterbiumnaLuthetium, nta na electron ya electrons 4f) ni paramagnesm mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Bitandukanye nibindi byisi idasanzwe isi igaragaza antiferomagnetic cyangwa Ferromagnetic itumiza mubushyuhe buke, Praseoodymium ni paramagnesm ku bushyuhe bwose hejuru ya 1k
Gusaba Praseodymium
Praseodymium ahanini ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvanga amashyamba adasanzwe, nko kweza kandi ahindura umukozi wibikoresho by'icyuma, umuyoboro wa shimi, amacakubiri adasanzwe, nibindi.Praseodymium Neodymiumnicyo gisa kandi kigoye gutandukanya ibintu bidasanzwe byisi, bigoye gutandukana nuburyo bwa shimi. Umusaruro winganda mubisanzwe ukoresha uburyo bwo gukuramo no guhanahana ion. Niba zikoreshwa muri babiri muburyo bwo gutunga imbaraga za seseodymium, ubwuzuzanya bwabo burashobora gukoreshwa byuzuye, kandi igiciro nacyo gihendutse kuruta ibicuruzwa bimwe.
Praseoodymium Neodymium Alloy(Praseodymium Neodymium Icyuma)yahindutse ibicuruzwa byigenga, bishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya magnet bihoraho hamwe nogushyirwaho kubijyanye na Alloys. Igikorwa, guhitamo no gutuza kwa peteroli ya peteroli birashobora kunozwa no kongeramo Praseodymium neodymium yibanda muri y zeolite molekile. Nkigushiraho plastike ongeraho, ongeraho Praseodymium neodymium ikungahaza polytetrafrouorouoRylene (PTFE) irashobora kunoza cyane kwambara PTFE.
Isi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Magnet bihoraho nicyo gihe cyamamaye cyane kubisabwa kwisi. Praseodymium yonyine ntabwo ari indashyikirwa nkibikoresho bya magnet bihoraho, ariko ni ikintu cyiza cyane gishobora guteza imbere imitungo ya magneti. Ongeraho umubare ukwiye wa Praseodymium urashobora kunoza neza imikorere yibikoresho bya Magnet bihoraho. Irashobora kandi kunoza imikorere ya antioxident (kurwanya ikirere) hamwe nubukanishi bwa magnets, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki na moteri.
Praseodymium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugusya no gusokura ibikoresho. Nkuko twese tubizi, ifu yo muri cerium ishingiye kuri polish isanzwe itarahurika, nicyo kintu cyiza cyo gusya inzara za oplique, kandi cyasimbuye ifu ya oplique ifite imikorere mira ifite imikorere mike yo gukosora kandi yanduza ibidukikije. Abantu basanze Praseoodymium ifite ibintu byiza byo gusya. Ntibisanzwe isi ya posinye ikubiyemo Praseodymium izagaragara itukura, izwi kandi ku izina rya "ifu itukura", ariko iyi bara ritukura ntabwo ari umutuku w'icyuma, ifu y'isi yo muri polide y'isi iba umwijima. Praseodymium nayo yakoreshejwe nkibikoresho bishya byo gusya kugirango ukore cornunding ibiziga birimo praseodymium. Ugereranije na Bwera, imikorere no kuramba birashobora kunozwa inshuro zirenga 30% mugihe usya igiti cyuzuyemo karubone, ibyuma bidafite ishingiro, nubushyuhe bwinshi. Kugirango ugabanye ibiciro, Praseodymium Neodymium yangiriyeho ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nkibikoresho fatizo byashize, bityo izina Praseodmium Neodymium Uruziga.
Ubutaka bwa silical bwakorewe hamwe na PraseodMymium ion yakoreshejwe mu gutinda ku mucyo kugeza kuri metero magana ku isegonda.
Ongeraho PraseodMymium oxide kuri zirconuum gusebanya bizahindura umuhondo gusa kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nka pigment ceramic - Praseoodmium umuhondo. Praseodymium umuhondo (zr02-Pr6oll
Praseoodymium nayo ikoreshwa nkibara ryikirahure, hamwe namabara akungahaye nisoko rikomeye. Praseoodymium Ibicuruzwa bibisi hamwe na leek yamashanyarazi yicyatsi kibisi hamwe namabara yicyatsi kibisi, ashobora gukoreshwa muyungurura ibinyabuzima ndetse no kubuhanzi nubukorikori. Ongeraho Praseodymium oxide na cerium oxide ku kirahure birashobora gukoreshwa nka goggles yo gusudira. Praseoodmium sulfide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibara rya plastike.
Igihe cya nyuma: Gicurasi-29-2023