Terbiumni icyiciro cy'icyiciro kiremereyeIsi idasanzwe, bafite ubwinshi bwo hasi mubutaka bwisi kuri ppm 1.1 gusa. Terbium oxide konte munsi ya 0.01% yisi yose idasanzwe. Ndetse no mu bwoko bwa Ytrium ya Ytrium ion buremereye isi iremereye cyane kuri terbium, ibirimo terbium gusa kuri 1.1-1.2% by'isi yose, byerekana ko ari mu cyiciro cya "Cyiza". Mu myaka irenga 100 kuva kuvumbura terbium mu 1843, ubuke bwayo nagaciro byabujije gusaba igihe kirekire. Mu myaka 30 ishize terbium yerekanye impano yihariye.
Kuvumbura amateka
Chemasi ya Suwede Carl Gustaf Mosander yavumbuye terbium mu 1843. Yasanze umwanda wacyoYttrium (iii) oxidenaY2o3. Yttrium yitiriwe umudugudu wa Ytterby muri Suwede. Mbere yuko habaho tekinoroji yo kunguranahana ion, teribium ntiyari yigunze muburyo bwera.
Mosant yagabanijwe bwa mbere ya Yettrium (III) oxide mubice bitatu, byose byitiriwe Ores: yttrium (iii) okiside,Erbium (iii) oxide, na terbium oxide. Terium oxide yari igizwe nigice cyijimye, kubera ikintu kizwi nka Erbium. "Erbium (III) oxide" (harimo nibyo twita terbium) byahoze ari ibara ridafite ibara mu gisubizo. Oxide ikennye yiki kintu gifatwa nkijimye.
Nyuma abakozi baho ntibashoboraga kureba umurima muto utagira ibara "ya Erbie)", ariko igice cyijimye cyijimye ntigishobora kwirengagizwa. Impaka zerekeye kubaho kwa Erbium (iii) byavutse inshuro nyinshi. Mu kajagari, izina ryumwimerere ryahinduwe kandi kungurana amazina, bityo igice cyijimye cyaravuzwe nkigisubizo kirimo Erbium (mubisubizo, byari byijimye). Ubu nizeraga ko abakozi bakoresha sodiyumu biswera cyangwa potasiyumu sulfate ifataCerium (iv) oxideMuri yttrium (iii) oxide na kaburimbo utabigambiriye muri sediment irimo cerium. Kimwe cya 1% yumwimerere yttrium (iii), ubu azwi nka "terbium", arahagije kugirango atsinde ibara ry'umuhondo kuri yttrium (iii) oxide. Kubwibyo, terbium ni igice cya kabiri cyabanje kubamo, kandi kigenzurwa nabaturanyi bayo, Gadolinium na dysgrosium.
Nyuma yaho, igihe cyose ibindi bintu bidasanzwe kwisi byatandukanijwe niyi ngereranwa, tutitaye ku bipimo bya okiside, izina rya Terium ryagumije kugeza amaherezo, umuyoboro wijimye wa Terium wabonetse muburyo bwera. Abashakashatsi mu kinyejana cya 19 ntibakoresheje tekinoloji ya ultravionce yo kwitegereza amajwi yumuhondo cyangwa icyatsi (III), byoroha kuri teriduum kugirango bemerwe kuvanga cyangwa ibisubizo bikomeye.
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
Iboneza rya electron:
1S2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5p6 5p6 5p10 5p6 6f 4f9
Imiterere ya elect ya terbium ni [xe] 6s24f9. Mubisanzwe, electron eshatu gusa irashobora gukurwaho mbere yuko ivugurura rya kirimbuzi iba nini cyane kuburyo itarushijeho kuba ihangane, ariko mugihe cya terbium, igice cyuzuye kuri terbium, igice cyuzuye kuri terbium, kimwe cya kabiri cyemerera elegine ya kane nka gaze ya fluorine.
Terium ni ifeza yera idasanzwe yicyuma gifite umujura, gukomera, no kwiyoroshya bishobora gutemwa n'icyuma. Gushonga Ingingo ya 1360 ℃, Ingingo itetse 3123 ℃, ubucucike 8229 4Kg / m3. Ugereranije nuwa mbere Lanhanide, birahagaze mu kirere. Nk'igice cya cyenda cya Lanthanide, terbium ni icyuma gifite amashanyarazi akomeye. Ikiranuka amazi kugirango akore hydrogen.
Muri kamere, terbium ntabwo yigeze iboneka ko ari ikintu cyubusa, umubare muto uhari muri fosiforimice thoricerium, naho gadolinite. Terium abahuza nibindi bintu bidasanzwe kwisi mumucanga wa Monazite, hamwe na rusange 0,03%. Andi masoko ni xonotime hamwe nijwi ryirabura ridasanzwe rya zahabu, zombi zivanze inzara kandi zirimo kuri terbium 1%.
Gusaba
Gusaba terbium ahanini bikubiyemo imirima minini-tekinoroji yubuhanga, nikihe cyingenzi nubumenyi bukabije gukata imishinga, kimwe ninyungu zikomeye zubukungu, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere.
Ahantu hasabwa hagaragara:
(1) ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvanga kwisi. Kurugero, ikoreshwa nkigifu cyisi idasanzwe kandi kigaburira kongera ubuhinzi.
(2) Umukinnyi wifu yicyatsi mumashanyarazi atatu yambere fluorescent. Ibikoresho bya OPTOELECTRENT bisaba gukoresha amabara atatu yibanze ya fosifor, aribyo umutuku, icyatsi, nubururu, bushobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha amabara atandukanye. Na terbium ni ikintu cyingenzi muri poweri nyinshi zuzuye nziza.
(3) ikoreshwa nka magneto ibikoresho bya optique. Amorphous Icyuma Terbium inzibacyuho ntabwo yakoreshejwe amashusho yoroheje yakoreshejwe mugukora magneto-optique-optique.
(4) Gukora magneto ikirahure cya optique. Ikirahure cya faraday kirimo terbium nibintu byingenzi byo gukora izenguruka, abasolato, na cfulaters muri tekinoroji ya Laser.
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Ku buhinzi n'ubworozi
Intandaro idasanzwe irashobora kuzamura ireme ryibihingwa kandi yongera igipimo cya fotosintezeza mu nkuru runaka. Ingorane za terbium zifite ibikorwa byinshi bizima. Ingorane za Ternary za Terubium, igituntu cya ternary, tb (Alay (Clonyim (Clo4) 3 · 3H2O, zifite ingaruka nziza ya antibacteric kuri stapylococcccus, bagillus subtilis na escheichia coli. Bafite uburyo bugari bwa antibacterial. Kwiga itogosha bitanga icyerekezo gishya cyubushakashatsi kubiyobyabwenge bya bagiteri.
Ikoreshwa mu murima wa luminecence
Ibikoresho bya OPTOELECTRENT bisaba gukoresha amabara atatu yibanze ya fosifor, aribyo umutuku, icyatsi, nubururu, bushobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha amabara atandukanye. Na terbium ni ikintu cyingenzi muri poweri nyinshi zuzuye nziza. Niba kuvuka kwa galike idasanzwe ya TV Ifu itukura yatukura yashishikarije Yttrium yashidikanywaho na Europium, ubwo gusabana kwateganijwe nisi idasanzwe yamabara atatu yibanze yicyatsi kibisi icyatsi kibisi. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, Abafilipi bahimbye itara rya mbere ryibintu byo kurokora ingufu byisi kandi bikaba byarangije vuba kwisi. TB3 + Ion irashobora gusohora itara ryatsi na stand yuburebure bwa 545nm, hamwe na hafi yisi yose yisi yo gukoresha tersium nkumukoresha.
Icyatsi kibisi kuri TV ya TV Catthede Ray Tube (CRT) yamye ishingiye kuri Zinc Sulfide, zihenze kandi zikora neza, ariko yb3 +, tb3 + na laobr: tb3 +. Hamwe niterambere rya ecran nini isobanura televiziyo ndende (HDTV), ibikoresho byinshi bya fluorescent poweri ya cRT nayo iratera imbere. Kurugero, Ifu ya Hybrid Green Fluorescent itejwe imbere mumahanga, igizwe na Y3 (al, GO) 5O12: Igitaramo: tb3 +, tb3 +, ifitiye imikorere myiza ya lutanga
Ifu ya X-ray fluorescent ni calcium youngstate. Mu myaka ya za 70 na 1980, Isi Yongeyeho Yisi kubera gukaza umurego mu rwego rwo gukazarandurwa, nka Terbium Yakoze Sulfur Oxy X-ray irradation kubarwayi na 80%, kunoza imyanzuro ya X-Ray Filime X-Ray, ongera ubuzima bwa X-ray. Terium nayo ikoreshwa nka powder ifata ya fluorescent kuri ecran yubuvuzi X-ray yongeraho imitekerereze ya x-ray, kandi igabanya ibisobanuro bya X-Ray Filime ya X-Ray kumubiri wumuntu (kurenza 50%).
Terium nayo ikoreshwa nkumukinnyi muri Forera yayobowe na Forephor yatezeho urumuri rw'ubururu ku itara rishya rya semiconductor nshya. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora terbium aluminium magneto ya optique ya optique, ukoresheje ibintu byoroshye bisohora, kandi fluorescence yoroheje ivanze numucyo uzwi cyane kugirango utange urumuri rwera.
Ibikoresho byatoranijwe byatoranijwe bikozwe muri terium harimo vigium harimo zinc sulfide icyatsi kibisi hamwe na terbium nkumukinnyi. Munsi ya ultraviolet, ibihangano kama bya terbium birashobora gusohora ibinure byatsi bikomeye kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bitoroshye. Nubwo iterambere ryinshi ryakozwe mubushakashatsi bwisi ridasanzwe ryamashanyarazi, haracyari icyuho runaka cyibikorwa, nubushakashatsi ku isi idasanzwe ya electlexuminescelletces hamwe nibikoresho biracyari byimbitse.
Ibicurane biranga terbium nabyo bikoreshwa nkibikorwa bya fluorescence. Kurugero, ofloxacuc terbium (TB3 +) Iperereza rya Fluorescence ryakoreshejwe mukwiga imikoranire hagati ya Terloxacin TERLOXACIN itoroshye na Fluorescecin TB3 fluorescence ya ofloxacin tb3 + sisitemu. Dufatiye kuri iri hinduka, ADN irashobora kugenwa.
Kuri magneto ibikoresho bya optique
Ibikoresho hamwe ningaruka za Faraday, uzwi kandi nkibikoresho bya magneto-optique, bikoreshwa cyane muri lasers nibindi bikoresho bya optique. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa magneto ibikoresho bya optique: magneto kristu ya optal na magneto ikirahure. Muri bo, magneto-optique-optique ya kristu (nka ytrium Gallium Gallium Gallium Gallium Gallium) ifite ibyiza byo gukora neza no gutuza kandi bihenze kandi biragoye gukora. Byongeye kandi, magneto-optique-optique arina hamwe na faraday ya faraday yo hejuru ifite hejuru yinjira murwego rugufi, rugabanya imikoreshereze yabo. Ugereranije na magneto kristu ya optal, magneto ikirahure gifite ibyiza bigira akamaro koherezwa hejuru kandi biroroshye gukorwa mubice binini cyangwa fibre. Kugeza ubu, magneto-optique-optique yikirahure hamwe ningaruka ndende cyane cyane ni isi idasanzwe yisi ion dodd ibirahure.
Ikoreshwa kuri magneto ibikoresho bya optique
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse rya Multimediya no mu gitabo, icyifuzo cya Discome nshya ya magneti yiyongereye. Amorfous Icyuma Terbium Incuro Ibyuma ALYY yakoreshejwe mu gukora magneto-optique-optique. Muri bo, tbfeco alloy film yoroheje ifite imikorere myiza. Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri Magneto-optique byakorewe ku rugero runini, na magneto-optique ikozwe muri byo ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kubika mudasobwa, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kubika mudasobwa bwiyongereye inshuro 10-15. Bafite ibyiza byubushobozi bunini hamwe numuvuduko wihuse wo kubona, kandi urashobora guhanagurwa kandi ugahimbanya inshuro ibihumbi icumi mugihe bikoreshwa mubisobanuro byinshi. Nibikoresho byingenzi mubukoranabuhanga bwa elegitoronike. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mumatsinda agaragara kandi hafi-infrare ni terbium gallium gallium.
Kuri magneto ikirahure
Faraday Magneto Ikirahure cya Optique gifite umucyo cyiza na Isotropi mukarere kigaragara kandi cyaka, kandi gishobora gukora imiterere itandukanye. Biroroshye kubyara ibicuruzwa binini kandi birashobora gukwega muri fibre optique. Kubwibyo, ifite ibyifuzo byagutse muri magneto ibikoresho bya optique nka magneto ya optique, magneto modulati ya optique, na fibre optic yubu. Bitewe nigihe kinini cya magnetike hamwe nibikorwa bito byinjira mubice bigaragara kandi byugarijwe, TB3 + Ions byakunze gukoreshwa isi yisi muri magneto ibirahure bya optique.
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostreaclative alloy
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, hamwe no kwimbitse kw'impinduramatwara ya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu mico n'ikoranabuhanga, isi nshya idasanzwe ikoresha ibikoresho bigenda bigaragara vuba. Mu 1984, kaminuza ya Leta ya Iowa, Laboratoire ya Amerika, Ames Laboratoire y'ingufu za Amerika na Amerika yo muri Amerika n'inkumi z'intwaro zo muri Amerika, yazamuye ikigo gishya cy'Abanyamerika. Ibi bintu bishya byubwenge bifite ibiranga byiza byo guhindura byihuse ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu ingufu za mashini. Amazi yo mumazi na electro-acoustic yakozwe muriyi migezi nini yagizwe neza mubikoresho byamavuta, abavuga neza kuri sisitemu yo gutahura amavuta, urusaku na sisitemu yo kunyeganyega hamwe na sisitemu yo mu nyanja no mu nyenzi. Kubwibyo, bakimara gukora ibintu byinshi bya terbirosium, byatewe no kwita cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere ku isi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Edge muri Amerika ryatangiye gutanga ibikoresho bya Terbium DysPotostIbihe bya Ternetool D.2 hanyuma, Suwede, Ubuyapani, Ubwongereza, kandi Australiya yateje imbere ibikoresho bya Tegiro.
Duhereye ku mateka y'iterambere ry'ibi bikoresho muri Amerika, byombi guhimba ibikoresho n'ibisabwa byayo byambere bifitanye isano itaziguye n'inganda za gisirikare (nk'ibicurane). Nubwo amashami ya gisirikare y'Ubushinwa n'ingabo mu Bushinwa ashimangira buhoro buhoro gusobanukirwa ibi bikoresho. Ariko, nyuma yuko imbaraga zubushinwa zishobora kwiyongera cyane, ibisabwa kugirango umenye ingamba za giciro cya gisirikare mu kinyejana cya 21 no kunoza urwego rwibikoresho rwose zihutirwa cyane. Kubwibyo, gukoresha neza terbiroum dysprosium dysprotostract ibikoresho byibikoresho bya gikuru na gisirikare nigihugu bizaba ngombwa mumateka.
Muri make, ibintu byinshi byiza bya Terium bituma umunyamuryango w'ingenzi mubikoresho byinshi bikora hamwe numwanya udasanzwe muburyo bumwe. Ariko, kubera igiciro kinini cya terbium, abantu bagiye birinda uburyo bagomba kwirinda no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya terbium hagamijwe kugabanya ibiciro byakazi. Kurugero, intangiriro yisi magneto-optique ikwiye kandi gukoresha Dysprosium ya Dysprosium ya Dysprosium cyangwa Gadolinium corbium cobal ashoboka; Gerageza kugabanya ibikubiye muri terium muri Green fluorescent ifu igomba gukoreshwa. Igiciro cyahindutse ikintu cyingenzi kibuza gukoresha terbium nyinshi. Ariko ibikoresho byinshi bikora ntibishobora kubikora bitabaye ibyo, tugomba rero kubahiriza ihame rya "gukoresha ibyuma byiza ku gihome" kandi tukagerageza gukiza imikoreshereze ya terium bishoboka.
Igihe cyohereza: Jul-05-2023