Terbiumni icyiciro cyisi ziremereye zidasanzwe, zifite ubwinshi bwo hasi mubutaka bwisi kuri ppm gusa.Terbium oxideKonti zitari munsi ya 0.01% yisi yose idasanzwe. Ndetse no mu bwoko bwa Ytrium ya YtTrium ion iremereye isi iremereyeIsi idasanzwe, byerekana ko ari ibya "byiza" byaIsi idasanzweibintu. Mu myaka irenga 100 kuva kuvumbura terbium mu 1843, ubuke bwayo nagaciro byabujije gusaba igihe kirekire. Ni mu myaka 30 ishizeterbiumyerekanye impano zidasanzwe.
Kuvumbura amateka
Chemadist Chema Carl Gustaf Mosander yavumbuye terbium mu 1843. Yavumbuye umwanda wacyoyttrium oxidenaY2o3. Yttriumyitiriwe umudugudu wa ITBY muri Suwede. Mbere yuko habaho tekinoroji yo kunguranahana ion, teribium ntiyari yigunze muburyo bwera.
Mossander Yacitsemo ibiceyttrium oxidemo ibice bitatu, byose byitiriwe Ores:yttrium oxide, erbium oxide, naterbium oxide. Terbium oxideyabanje kuba igizwe nigice cyijimye, kubera ikintu kizwi nkaerbium. Erbium oxide(Harimo ibyo duhamagaye ubu terbium) ntabwo byari igice kitagira ibara mubisubizo. Oxide ikennye yiki kintu gifatwa nkijimye.
Abakozi nyuma basanze bigoye kubona amabara mato "erbium oxide", Ariko igice gito cyijimye ntigishobora kwirengagizwa. Impaka zo kubaho kwaerbium oxideyagaragaye inshuro nyinshi. Mu kajagari, izina ryumwimerere ryahinduwe kandi kungurana amazina, bityo igice cyijimye cyaravuzwe nkigisubizo kirimo Erbium (mubisubizo, byari byijimye). Ubu yizeraga ko abakozi bakoresha depium depulfide cyangwa potasim sulfate yo gukuraho cerium dioxyde deyttrium oxidebidatinzeterbiummuri cerium ikubiyemo. Kugeza ubu azwi nka 'terbium', hafi 1% yumwimerereyttrium oxideirahari, ariko ibi birahagije kohereza ibara ry'umuhondo ryoroheje kuriyttrium oxide. Rero,terbiumni igice cya kabiri cyabanje kubamo, kandi kigenzurwa nabaturanyi bayo,gadoliniumnadysprosium.
Nyuma, igihe cyose ikindiIsi idasanzweIbintu byatandukanijwe nuru ruvange, tutitaye ku bipimo by'ibiti, izina rya Terium ryagumishijwe kugeza amaherezo, umukara wijimye waterbiumyabonetse muburyo bwera. Abashakashatsi mu kinyejana cya 19 ntibakoresheje tekinoloji ya ultravionce yo kwitegereza amajwi yumuhondo cyangwa icyatsi (III), byoroha kuri teriduum kugirango bemerwe kuvanga cyangwa ibisubizo bikomeye.
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
Imiterere ya elegitoronike:
1S2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5p6 5p6 5p10 5p6 6f 4f9
Gahunda ya elegitoroniki yaterbiumni [xe] 6s24f9. Mubisanzwe, electron eshatu gusa irashobora gukurwaho mbere yuko ishuri rya kirimbuzi riba rinini cyane kuburyo rishobora kurushaho kuba ionised. Ariko, kubijyanye naterbium, igice cyuzuyeterbiumEmerera ibindi bisobanuro bya electron ya kane imbere yikiboneza gikomeye nka gaze ya fluorine.
Ibyuma
Terbiumni ifeza yera idasanzwe yicyuma gifite umujura, gukomera, no kwiyoroshya bishobora gutemwa n'icyuma. Gushonga Ingingo ya 1360 ℃, Ingingo itetse 3123 ℃, ubucucike 8229 4Kg / m3. Ugereranije nuburyo bwa mbere lanthanide, birahagaze mu kirere. Ikintu cya cyenda cy'ibintu bya Lanthanide, terbium, ni icyuma gishyurwa cyane kivuga amazi yo gukora gaze ya hydrogen.
Muri kamere,terbiumNtabwo yigeze aboneka ko ari ibintu byubusa, ahabwa mu mafaranga make muri Cesifore Smarium Sand na Silicon Beryllium Ytrium.TerbiumAbabana hamwe nibindi bintu bidasanzwe kwisi mumucanga wa Monazite, hamwe na terbium ya mbere 0.03%. Andi masoko arimo yttrium fosifate n'isi idasanzwe zahabu, byombi bivanze by'inka birimo terbium 1%.
Gusaba
GusabaterbiumAhanini bikubiyemo imirima minini-yo muri tekinoroji yo muri tekinoroji yubuhanga nubumenyi bukabije gukata imishinga, kimwe ninyungu zikomeye zubukungu, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere.
Ahantu hasabwa hagaragara:
(1) ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvanga kwisi. Kurugero, ikoreshwa nkigifu cyisi idasanzwe kandi kigaburira kongera ubuhinzi.
(2) Umukinnyi wifu yicyatsi mumashanyarazi atatu yambere fluorescent. Ibikoresho bya OPTOELECTRENT bisaba gukoresha amabara atatu yibanze ya fosifor, aribyo umutuku, icyatsi, nubururu, bushobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha amabara atandukanye. Kanditerbiumni ikintu cyingenzi muri poweri nyinshi zujuje ubuziranenge.
(3) ikoreshwa nka magneto ibikoresho bya optique. Amorphous Icyuma Terbium Inzobahamwe Ibyuma Filime byakoreshejwe mu gukora magneto yisumbuye ya optique.
(4) Gukora magneto ikirahure cya optique. Ikirahure cya faraday kirimo terbium nibintu byingenzi byo gukora izenguruka, abasolato, na cfulaters muri tekinoroji ya Laser.
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Ku buhinzi n'ubworozi
Isi idasanzweterbiumIrashobora kuzamura ireme ryibihingwa kandi wongere igipimo cya fotosintezeza mugihe runaka cyo kwikora. Ibigo bya terbium bifite ibikorwa byinshi bizima, hamwe nibibazo bya ternary byaterbium, Igituntu (ala) 3Benim (Clo4) 3-3h2o, gira ingaruka nziza ya antibactericccuc, kandi bagiteri sus, na escheichia coli, hamwe n'imitungo ya antirichia. Kwiga ibyo bigo bitanga icyerekezo gishya cyubushakashatsi kubiyobyabwenge bya bagiteri.
Ikoreshwa mu murima wa luminecence
Ibikoresho bya OPTOELECTRENT bisaba gukoresha amabara atatu yibanze ya fosifor, aribyo umutuku, icyatsi, nubururu, bushobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha amabara atandukanye. Na terbium ni ikintu cyingenzi muri poweri nyinshi zuzuye nziza. Niba kuvuka kwa galike yisi idasanzwe TV ifu itukura yatukura yashishikarije icyifuzoyttriumnaEuropium, hanyuma gusaba no guteza imbere terbium byatejwe imbere na gake byisi eshatu amabara atatu yibanze icyatsi kibisi ibikobe. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, Abafilipi bahimbye itara rya mbere ryibintu byo kurokora ingufu byisi kandi bikaba byarangije vuba kwisi. TB3 + Ion irashobora gusohora urumuri rwatsi hamwe nuburebure bwa 545nm, hamwe na hafi yisi yose yisi icyatsi kibisi icyuma gikoreshaterbium, nk'umuntu ukora.
Ifu ya GLUOSTCECECECACY ikoreshwa mumabara ya TV Cattuse Ray Tubes (CRTS) yamye ishingiye ahanini kuri vino yicyayi, ariko yb3 +, tb3 +, na Laobr: tb3 +. Hamwe niterambere rya ecran nini isobanura televiziyo ndende (HDTV), ibikoresho byinshi bya fluorescent poweri ya cRT nayo iratera imbere. Kurugero, Ifu ya Hybrid Green Fluorescent itejwe imbere mumahanga, igizwe na Y3 (al, GO) 5O12: Igitaramo: tb3 +, tb3 +, ifitiye imikorere myiza ya lutanga
Ifu ya X-ray fluorescent ni calcium youngstate. Mu myaka ya za 70 na 1980, indege mbisi yisi ya ecran yo gukangurira ecran yatejwe imbere, nkaterbium, ikora lanthanum sulfide oxide, terbium ikora linthanum bromide oxide (kuri ecran yicyatsi), na terbium ikora yttrium sulfide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide. Ugereranije na Calcium youngstate, ifu idasanzwe yisi irashobora kugabanya igihe cya X-ray irradiasiyo ya X-Ray, ikagura ubuzima bwa X-ray. Terium nayo ikoreshwa nka powder ifata ya fluorescent kuri ecran yubuvuzi X-ray yongeraho imitekerereze ya x-ray, kandi igabanya ibisobanuro bya X-Ray Filime ya X-Ray kumubiri wumuntu (kurenza 50%).
Terbiumikoreshwa kandi nkumukinnyi muri White Fowhor yayoboye Igitereko cyubururu ku itara rishya rya semiconductor nshya. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora terbium aluminium magneto ya optique ya optique, ukoresheje ibintu byoroshye bisohora ibintu byumucyo, kandi fluorescence yoroheje ivanze nicyorezo cyerekana urumuri rwera
Ibikoresho byatoranijwe byatoranijwe bikozwe muri Terium birimo ahanini zinc sulfide icyatsi kibisi icyatsi hamweterbiumNkumukoresha. Munsi ya ultraviolet, ibihangano kama bya terbium birashobora gusohora ibinure byatsi bikomeye kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bitoroshye. Nubwo iterambere ryinshi ryakozwe mubushakashatsi bwaIsi idasanzweFilime ya Organic Commalporkinescent, haracyari icyuho runaka giturutse mubikorwa, nubushakashatsi kuri gari yisi kama electlexouminescellet ya electrolcesces hamwe nibikoresho biracyari byimbitse.
Ibicurane biranga terbium nabyo bikoreshwa nkibikorwa bya fluorescence. Imikoranire iri hagati ya terbium (TB3 +) Acide igoye kandi ya deoxyribonucleic (ADN) yize gukoresha ibibutsi no kwinjiza ibibutsi, nka fluorescence defebra, nka fluorescence ya terbium ya enterloxacucin (TB3 +). Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko icyiza cya Ofloxacin TB3 + gishobora gutondekanya groove zihuza na molekile ya ADN, na acide delexribcleic zirashobora kuzamura ibibuto bya sisitemu ya Ofloxacin TB3 +. Ukurikije iri hinduka, acide deoxyribonucleic irashobora kugenwa.
Kuri magneto ibikoresho bya optique
Ibikoresho hamwe ningaruka za Faraday, uzwi kandi nkibikoresho bya magneto-optique, bikoreshwa cyane muri lasers nibindi bikoresho bya optique. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa magneto ibikoresho bya optique: magneto kristu ya optal na magneto ikirahure. Muri bo, magneto-optique-optique ya kristu (nka ytrium Gallium Gallium Gallium Gallium Gallium) ifite ibyiza byo gukora neza no gutuza kandi bihenze kandi biragoye gukora. Byongeye kandi, magneto-optique-optique hamwe nimpande zo kuzunguruka hejuru zizunguruka zinjira murwego rugufi, zigabanya imikoreshereze yabo. Ugereranije na magneto kristu ya optal, magneto ikirahure gifite ibyiza bigira akamaro koherezwa hejuru kandi biroroshye gukorwa mubice binini cyangwa fibre. Kugeza ubu, magneto-optique-optique yikirahure hamwe ningaruka ndende cyane cyane ni isi idasanzwe yisi ion dodd ibirahure.
Ikoreshwa kuri magneto ibikoresho bya optique
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse rya Multimediya no mu gitabo, icyifuzo cya Discome nshya ya magneti yiyongereye. Amorphous Icyuma Terbium Inzobahamwe Ibyuma Filime byakoreshejwe mu gukora magneto yisumbuye ya optique. Muri bo, tbfeco alloy film yoroheje ifite imikorere myiza. Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri Magneto-optique byakorewe ku rugero runini, na magneto-optique ikozwe muri byo ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kubika mudasobwa, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kubika mudasobwa bwiyongereye inshuro 10-15. Bafite ibyiza byubushobozi bunini hamwe numuvuduko wihuse wo kubona, kandi urashobora guhanagurwa kandi ugahimbanya inshuro ibihumbi icumi mugihe bikoreshwa mubisobanuro byinshi. Nibikoresho byingenzi mubukoranabuhanga bwa elegitoronike. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mumatsinda agaragara kandi hafi-infrare ni terbium gallium gallium.
Kuri magneto ikirahure
Faraday Magneto Ikirahure cya Optique gifite umucyo cyiza na Isotropi mukarere kigaragara kandi cyaka, kandi gishobora gukora imiterere itandukanye. Biroroshye kubyara ibicuruzwa binini kandi birashobora gukwega muri fibre optique. Kubwibyo, ifite ibyifuzo byagutse muri magneto ibikoresho bya optique nka magneto ya optique, magneto modulati ya optique, na fibre optic yubu. Bitewe nigihe kinini cya magnetike hamwe nibikorwa bito byinjira mubice bigaragara kandi byugarijwe, TB3 + Ions byakunze gukoreshwa isi yisi muri magneto ibirahure bya optique.
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostreaclative alloy
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, bikomeje kwimaba impinduramatwara y'ikoranabuse ry'ikoranabuhanga ku isi, ibikoresho bishya by'isi bidakoreshwa ku isi byari ibintu byihuse. Mu 1984, muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Iowa, Laboratoire ya AMES ya AMES ya AMES Constice Centre ya Amerika, kandi abakozi b'intwaro zo muri Amerika (et REMA) baraza) bakoranye mu guteza imbere igihugu gishya cyashyizweho, ibikoresho bya terbile Ferromagnetic. Ibi bintu bishya byubwenge bifite ibiranga byiza byo guhindura byihuse ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu ingufu za mashini. Amazi yo mumazi na electro-acoustic yakozwe muriyi migezi nini yagizwe neza mubikoresho byamavuta, abavuga neza kuri sisitemu yo gutahura amavuta, urusaku na sisitemu yo kunyeganyega hamwe na sisitemu yo mu nyanja no mu nyenzi. Kubwibyo, bakimara gukora ibintu byinshi bya terbirosium, byatewe no kwita cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere ku isi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Edge muri Amerika ryatangiye gutanga ibikoresho bya Terbium DysPotostIbihe bya Ternetool D.2 hanyuma, Suwede, Ubuyapani, Ubwongereza, kandi Australiya yateje imbere ibikoresho bya Tegiro.
Duhereye ku mateka y'iterambere ry'ibi bikoresho muri Amerika, byombi guhimba ibikoresho n'ibisabwa byayo byambere bifitanye isano itaziguye n'inganda za gisirikare (nk'ibicurane). Nubwo amashami ya gisirikare y'Ubushinwa n'ingabo mu Bushinwa ashimangira buhoro buhoro gusobanukirwa ibi bikoresho. Ariko, hamwe no kuzamura imbaraga zubushinwa imbaraga zubushinwa, icyifuzo cyo kugera ku ngamba za 21 zo guhatanwa mu kinyejana cya 21 no kunoza urugero rw'ibikoresho bizabura rwose. Kubwibyo, gukoresha neza terbiroum dysprosium dysprotostract ibikoresho byibikoresho bya gikuru na gisirikare nigihugu bizaba ngombwa mumateka.
Muri make, ibintu byinshi byiza byaterbiumGira umunyamuryango utazwi mubikoresho byinshi bikora hamwe numwanya udasanzwe muburyo bumwe bwo gusaba. Ariko, kubera igiciro kinini cya terbium, abantu bagiye birinda uburyo bagomba kwirinda no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya terbium hagamijwe kugabanya ibiciro byakazi. Kurugero, bidasanzwe kwisi magneto-optique hagomba no gukoresha igiciro gitodysprosium icyumaCobalt cyangwa Gadolinium terbium cobalt bishoboka; Gerageza kugabanya ibikubiye muri terium muri Green fluorescent ifu igomba gukoreshwa. Igiciro cyahindutse ikintu cyingenzi kibuza gukoresha cyaneterbium. Ariko ibikoresho byinshi bikora ntibishobora kubikora bitabaye ibyo, tugomba rero kubahiriza ihame rya "gukoresha ibyuma byiza ku gihome" kandi tukagerageza gukiza ikoreshwa ryaterbiumbishoboka.
Igihe cyagenwe: Ukwakira-25-2023