Umubare wa atomic waThuliumni 69 nuburemere bwa atome ni 168.93421. Ibiri mu bukene bw'isi ni bibiri bya gatatu bya 100000, nikihe kintu kinini cyane mubintu bidasanzwe kwisi. Ahanini aba muri Silico beryllium ytrium ore, umukara udasanzwe yisi zahabu ore, fosifori ytriyum ore, na Monazite. Igice kinini cyisi yisi muri Monazite muri rusange igera kuri 50%, hamwe na Thulium kuri 0.007%. Isotope isanzwe ihamye ni thulium gusa 169. Cyane gikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi asuka, abahiga, abanyamaguru-bakomeye, nizindi nzego.
Kuvumbura amateka
Yavumbuwe na: PT Cleve
Yavumbuwe mu 1878
Mossander amaze gutandukanya isi ya Erimium na terbium yo muri Yetrium mu 1842, Abami bana bakoresheje isesengura ry'ibishyimbo kugira ngo bamenye kandi batashidikanywaho ko atari impumuro nziza yo gukomeza kubatandukanya. Nyuma yo gutandukanaytterbium oxidenascandide oxideKuva ku byaha bya okiside, urutare rwatandukanije ibimasa bibiri bishya mu 1879. Umwe muri bo yitwaga Inkumi yo kwibuka igihugu cya Cliff mu gice cya Scandinaviya (thulia), hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya Element TU none TM. Hamwe no kuvumbura inkumi nubundi buryo budasanzwe bwisi, ikindi gice cyicyiciro cya gatatu cyisi itarangira.
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
1S2 2S2 2P6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f 4f13
Thuliumni ifeza yera ifite umuswa kandi irashobora gucibwa nicyuma kubera imiterere yoroshye; Gushonga Ingingo 1545 ° C, Ingingo yo guteka 1947 ° C, Ubucucike 9.3208.
Inkumi irahagaze mu kirere;Thulium oxideni urumuri rwicyatsi kibisi. Umunyu (Gutandukanya Umunyu) oxides byose nicyatsi kibisi
Gusaba
Nubwo inkumi ari gake kandi ihenze, iracyafite porogaramu zimwe mumirima idasanzwe.
Ubukana bwinshi busohora isoko
Inkoko ikunze gutangizwa mu rwego rwo hejuru-ubukana bwo gukuraho urumuri mu buryo bw'amasuka menshi (ubusanzwe igituba bromide), hagamijwe gukoresha bromide), hagamijwe gukoresha neza), hagamijwe gukoresha imigambi.
Laser
Batatu bakorewe Mttrinum Garnet (Ho: CR: Yag) Hag) Hamagara ya CHRURIUM, na Holmium ion muri Yttrinum ya YTTRIUM, ishobora gusohora uburebure bwa 2097; Bikoreshwa cyane mu bigi bya gisirikare, ubuvuzi, na meteorologiya. Uburebure bwa laser bwasohoye na theulium yakorewe luminium luminium garnet (tm: Yag) rusange-leta pulse laser iriruka kuva 1930 nm kugeza 2040 nm. Gutema hejuru yigituntu birakora cyane, kuko bishobora gukumira kubyara kwimbitse cyane mu kirere no mumazi. Ibi bituma thelium lasers ifite amahirwe menshi yo gusaba kubagwa laser. Thulium laser igira akamaro cyane mugukuraho ibice bya tissue kubera ingufu nke kandi zishingiye kumbaraga zayo, kandi zirashobora gutera udateje ibikomere byimbitse. Ibi bituma thelium lasers ifite amahirwe menshi yo gusaba muri laser
Thulium yakorewe laser
X-ray isoko
Nubwo ibikoresho byinshi bingana, ibikoresho bya X-ray birimo thulium byatangiye gukoreshwa cyane nkimizigo muburyo bwa kirimbuzi. Inkomoko yimirasire ifite ubuzima bwuzuye bwumwaka umwe kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho byo kumenya amenyo kubikoresho bya mashini nibice bya elegitoroniki bigoye kugera kubibazo. Inkomoko yimirasire ntizikenera kurinda imirasire yimyanya - gusa isabwa gato gusa. Gushyira mu bikorwa thulium 170 nk'isoko y'imirasire yo kuvura kanseri hafi ya kanseri iragenda ikomera. Iyi isotope ifite ubuzima-iminsi 12,6.6 hamwe n'imirongo itanu yo guhumeka neza (7.4, 51.354, 52.389, 54.25, kiloelectron 84.25..2.25 Thulium 170 nayo ni imwe muri enye zikunze gukoreshwa imirasire yinganda.
Ibikoresho byo hejuru cyane
Bisa na ytrike, thulium nayo ikoreshwa mubushyuhe bwinshi. Thulium ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha agaciro muri Ferrite nkibikoresho bya rukuruzi ya ceramic bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya microwave. Bitewe na spectrum yihariye, thelium irashobora gukoreshwa kuri arc itara rya arc nka scandium, kandi urumuri rwicyatsi rwasohoye amatara ya arc ukoresheje thulium ntizatwikirwa kumurongo wibindi bice byibindi bintu. Kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusohora ibibururu byubururu munsi yimirasire ya ultraviolet, thulium nayo ikoreshwa nkimwe mubimenyetso birwanya impimbano muri banki ya euro. Ubururu bwubururu bwasohotse na Sulcium Sulfate yongewe hamwe na Tyulium ikoreshwa muri dosimetry yumuntu ku miyoboro yo gutahura imirasire.
Ibindi bikorwa
Bitewe na spectrum idasanzwe, thulium irashobora gukoreshwa mumatara ya arc nka scandium, kandi urumuri rwicyatsi rwasohotsemo amatara ya ARC rurimo inkota itazashyirwa kumurongo wibindi bice byibindi bintu.
Thulium yisohora fluorescence yubururu munsi yimirasire ya ultraviolet, ikayigira kimwe mubimenyetso birwanya impimbano mumato ya euro.
Euro munsi ya UV irradiation, hamwe nibimenyetso bifatika byo kurwanya impimbano bigaragara
Igihe cya nyuma: Kanama-25-2023