Ytterbium: Umubare wa atomic 70, uburemere bwa atomic 173.04, izina ryitabi ryakomotse ahantu ho kuvumbura. Ibiri muri ytterbium muri crust ni 0.000266%, cyane cyane muri fosifori numukara udasanzwe wa zahabu. Ibiri muri Monazite ni 0.03%, kandi hariho isotote 7 karemano
Yavumbuwe
Na: Marinak
Igihe: 1878
Aho uherereye: Ubusuwisi
Mu 1878, Abasuwisi ba Chisite Jean Charles na G Marignac bavumbuye ikintu gishya cy'isi muri "Erbium". Mu 1907, usban na sein bagaragaje ko Marignac yatandukanije imvange ya Lutetium oxide na ytterbium oxide. Kwibuka umudugudu muto witwa Ytezaerby hafi ya Stockholm, aho ytrikerium ore yavumbuwe, iki kintu gishya cyiswe ytterbium hamwe n'ikimenyetso Yb.
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
1S2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5p6 5p6 5p10 5p6 6s2 4f14
Ibyuma
Metallic ytterbiyi ni feza yijimye, ducki, kandi ifite imiterere yoroshye. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, ytterbium irashobora kunyerera buhoro hakoreshejwe umwuka namazi.
Hariho imiterere ibiri ya kristu: α- Ubwoko ni isura ya cubic cricstal sisitemu (ubushyuhe bwicyumba -798 ℃); . Gushonga Ingingo ya 824 ℃, Ingingo itetse 1427 ℃, ubucucike ugereranije 6.977 (α- ubwoko), 6.54 (β- ubwoko).
SHAKA MU MAZI NKUKO, GUSOHORA MU BIKORWA NA AMMONIYA. Birahamye neza mu kirere. Kimwe na Samarimu na Europium, ytterbium ni iz'imihane ihindagurika ku isi idasanzwe, kandi irashobora no kuba muburyo bwiza bwongeye kuboneka kugirango ubusanzwe ari trivanti.
Kubera iyi valence ihinduka iraranga, gutegura metallic ytterbium ntigomba gukorwa na electrolysis, ariko no kugabanya uburyo bwo kugabanya ibikoresho byo kwitegura no kwezwa. Mubisanzwe, ibyuma bya Lanthanum ikoreshwa nkumukozi ugabanya kugabanuka, gukoresha itandukaniro riri hagati yumuvuduko mwinshi wicyuma cya ytterbium hamwe nigitutu cyo hasi cyicyuma cya Lanthanum. Ubundi,Thulium, ytterbium, naLuthetiumkwibanda kurashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo, kandiicyumairashobora gukoreshwa nkumukozi ugabanya. Munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi bwibihe bya> 1100 ℃ na <0.1333: Ibyuma YTTERIM birashobora gukurwaho bitaziguye no kugabanuka kugabanuka. Kimwe na Samarimu na Europium, ytterbium birashobora kandi gutandukana no kwezwa binyuze kugabanuka. Mubisanzwe, thulium, ytterbium, na Lutetium yibanda nkibikoresho fatizo. Nyuma yo gusenyuka, ytterbium yagabanutseho leta imo, bigatera itandukaniro rikomeye mumitungo, hanyuma zitandukana nizindi ndwara zidasanzwe. Umusaruro wo kweraytterbium oxidemubisanzwe bikorwa no gukuramo chromatografiya cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvunja.
Gusaba
Ikoreshwa mugukora isomo ryihariye. Ytterbium alloys yakoreshejwe mubuvuzi bw'amenyo kuri metallurgical na chimique igerageza.
Mu myaka yashize, ytterbium yagaragaye kandi yateye imbere byihuse mu nzego za fibre optique itumanaho n'ikoranabuhanga rya Laser.
Hamwe no kubaka no guteza imbere "amakuru yamakuru", imiyoboro ya mudasobwa hamwe na sisitemu ndende ya fibre ya fibre ya fibre yiyongera kubisabwa byingenzi kugirango imikorere ya fibre ya optique ikoreshwa muburyo bwiza. Ytterbium ions, due to their excellent spectral properties, can be used as fiber amplification materials for optical communication, just like erbium and thulium. Nubwo ibintu bidasanzwe kwisi Erbium aracyari umukinnyi mukuru mugutegura amplifiers, fibre gakondo ya erbium-ibitego. YB3 + Ion ifite igice kinini gikurura cyambukiranya igitaramo kuruta er3 + ion hafi 980nm. Binyuze ku ngaruka zo gukangurira Yb3 + n'iterambere ry'ingufu na Erbium, urumuri rw'imyaka 1530 rushobora kuzamura cyane, bityo ruzamura cyane imikorere yo kongera urumuri.
Mu myaka yashize, Erbium Ytterbium Co yakoraga ikirahuri cya fosifate yarushijeho gutoneshwa nabashakashatsi. Ibirahure bya fosifesi hamwe na fluohophoshate bifite umutekano mwiza kandi wubushyuhe, ndetse no kwaguka kwaguka hamwe nibikoresho binini bya kwagurana, bituma biba ibikoresho byiza byo mugari kandi bikanguka byinshi bya Erbium. YB3 + Igenamigambi rya Fibs rishobora kugera kuri power hamwe no kongeramo ibimenyetso, bigatuma bikwira mumirima nka fibre opsor, umwanya wa laser Ubu Ubushinwa bubatse ubushobozi bunini bwisi hamwe na sisitemu yihuta yo kohereza, kandi ifite amakuru ya kera kwisi. Ytterbium yakorewe hamwe nibindi bidasanzwe kwisi yateguye fiblifiers hamwe nibikoresho bya laser bigira uruhare rukomeye kandi rwingenzi muri bo.
Ibiranga stract byayo bya ytterbium bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byiza bya laser bya laser, byombi nka criser ya laser, ibirahuri bya laser, na fibre. Nkibikoresho byo murwego rwa laser Fluorophoshate (yb: s-fap), ytterbium yakorad yttrium kubura (yv: yv04), ytterbium yakorewe borate, hanyuma iseswa. Semiconductor laser (ld) ni ubwoko bushya bwinkomoko ya pompe ya leta-lasers. YB: Yag ifite ibiranga byinshi bikwiranye na Frowd-Power Kuvomera kandi bibaye ibikoresho bya laser kumafaranga menshi ya ld. YB: S-fap Crystal irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya laser kuri laser fusion mugihe kizaza, cyakwegereye abantu. Muri Taristal ya Trisers, hari chromium llmium yttrium aluminium gallinum gallinum Gallium Gallium Gallium Nk'uko imibare ivuga ko imitwaro myinshi ya infrad yakoresheje muri misile ku isi ikoresha 3-5 μ, YSGG irashobora gutanga intermedire nziza ya Intwaro ya Intwaro ya Intwari, kandi ifite akamaro kanini. Ubushinwa bwageze ku ruhererekane rw'ibisubizo bishya bivuye mu rwego mpuzamahanga rukuru mu murima wa YTTERIM DISTS (YB: YB: SHAP, YB: SHAP, YB. Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi byakoreshejwe mu kwiregura kw'igihugu, inganda, n'ubuvugizi bwa siyansi, na ytterbium byakorewe ibikomoka ku mahanga byoherezwa mu bihugu no mu turere twinshi ndetse na Amerika n'Ubuyapani.
Ikindi cyiciro cyingenzi cya ytterbium ibikoresho bya laser ni largel ikirahure. Ihuriro ritandukanye ryo guhumeka rya laser yatunganijwe, ririmo Ubudage tangarite, Silicon Niobate, inyanja, na fosifate. Kubera koroshya ibirahuri, birashobora gukorwa mubunini bunini kandi bifite ibiranga gucika kumucyo no guhuriza hamwe, bigatuma bishoboka kubyara imbaraga zisumbuye. Ikirahure kimenyerewe ku isi laser yahoze ari ikirahuri cya Neodeymium, gifite amateka yiterambere mumyaka irenga 40 nubuhanga bukuze hamwe nikoranabuhanga risaba. Buri gihe byarabaye ibikoresho byatoranijwe kubikoresho bya laser ya laser kandi byakoreshejwe mubikoresho bya kirimbuzi bishakisha ibikoresho byubushakashatsi hamwe nintwaro za laser. Ibikoresho byo hejuru bya laser byubatswe mu Bushinwa, bigizwe na Laser Glasey Grall nkigituba kinini cya laser, kigeze kurwego rwambere kwisi. Ariko laser, ikirahure cya lader ubuhure noneho gihuye nikibazo gikomeye cyo guhagarika laser ytterbium ikirahure.
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko imitungo myinshi ya Laser Ytterbium ikirahuri kirenze icyarahuri cya Neodymium. Bitewe nuko ytterbium yakorewe lurezonce ifite gusa inganda ebyiri, imikorere yububiko bwingufu ni ndende. Ku nyungu imwe, Ytterbium Ikirahure gifite ububi bwingufu inshuro 16 hejuru yikirahure cya Neodeymium, kandi fluorescence ubuzima 3 bwirahuri muri neodymium. Ifite kandi ibyiza nkigitugu kinini cyibandaho, guhuza umurongo, kandi irashobora guhuzwa mu buryo butaziguye na semicondu mu buryo butaziguye, bikaba bikwiranye cyane n'amashanyarazi menshi. Ariko, gushyira mubikorwa byikirahure bwa ytterbium akenshi bishingiye kubifashijwemo na Neodymium, nko gukoresha ND3 + nka ND3 + nka NOSTizer gukora ikirahure cya orterbium gikora mubushyuhe bwicyumba na μ laser igerwaho kuri m. Rero, ytterbium na neodymium bombi nabanywanyi nabafatanyabikorwa mubufatanye mukibuga cya laser.
Muguhindura ibigize ibirahure, ibintu byinshi bya Luminescent bya Ltterbium laser ikirahure gishobora kunozwa. Hamwe no guteza imbere amashanyarazi menshi nkicyerekezo cyingenzi, lasers ikozwe mu kiraro cya Ltterbium gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zigezweho, ubuhinzi, ubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, n'ibikorwa bya gisirikare.
Gukoresha Igisirikare: Ukoresheje ingufu zatewe na kirimbuzi nimbaraga zahoraga ziteganijwe, kandi kugera kuri kirimbuzi bya kirimbuzi bizaba bigenzurwa nubu buryo bwingenzi kubantu gukemura ibibazo byingufu. Ytterbium yakoranye ikirahure cya laser arimo guhinduka ibikoresho byatoranijwe kugirango agere ku mfuruka yafunzwe (ICF) kuzamura mu kinyejana cya 21 kubera imikorere myiza ya laser.
Intwaro za laser zikoresha imbaraga nini za laser urumuri kugirango ushiremo kandi usenye intego, kubyara ubushyuhe bwa dodesiki bakoresheje umuvuduko wumucyo. Barashobora kwitwa Nadana kandi bafite ubwenge bukomeye, bikwiranye cyane na sisitemu yintwaro yikirere igezweho mu ntambara. Imikorere myiza ya ytterbium yakoreye ikirahure cya laser yatumye ibikoresho byingenzi byibanze byo gukora intwaro nyinshi nintwaro zo hejuru.
Fibre laser ni uguteza imbere byihuse kandi ni uwumurima wa laser progaramu y'ibirahure. Fibre laser ni laser ikoresha fibre nkuko laser risobanura, nikintu gihuza tekinoroji ya fibre na lar tekinoroji. Ni tekinoroji nshya ya Laser yateye imbere hashingiwe kuri tekinoroji ya erbium ya fibre amplifier (EDFA). Fibre laser igizwe na semiconductor laser diode nka pompe ya pompe, fibre optic waveguide hamwe nunguka riciriritse, kandi optique nko gushakira fibre na couple. Ntabwo bisaba guhindura imashini inzira nziza, kandi uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye kwishyira hamwe. Ugereranije na lasers gakondo-lasers na semiconductor lasers, ifite akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga no gukora imirimo myiza, ituze, kurwanya ihinduka ry'ibidukikije, nta guhinduka, hamwe n'imiterere yuzuye. Bitewe nuko ions yakorewe ni ND + 3, YB + 3, ER + 3, HMY, byose bikoresha fibre yisi, fibre 3, byose bikoresha itangazamakuru, fibre lases nanone irashobora kandi kwitwa isi idasanzwe ya laser.
Gusaba Laser: Imbaraga ndende ytterbium yakorewe kabiri clad fibre yabaye umurima ushyushye muri tekinoroji ya leta mpuzamahanga mumyaka yashize. Ifite ibyiza byimiterere myiza, imiterere yoroheje, no guhindura cyane, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byagutse, kandi bifite ibyifuzo byagutse mu gutunganya inganda nizindi nzego. Ibice bibiri bya clad ytterbium bikwiranye na semiconductor laser kuvoma, hamwe nuburyo bukabije bwa laser Ubushinwa bukabije bwa clad ytterbium ya fibre ntabwo ikiri par hamwe nurwego rwambere rwibihugu byamahanga. Fibre ya Ytterbium yateguye fibre, na Erbium yo muri Erbium
Isosiyete izwi ku isi ihebuje iPG iherutse gutangaza ko sisitemu yabo ya Librebium yatangijwe, ubuzima bwa pompe bufite ubwiza buhebuje bwa 10700. Byakoreshejwe mu gusudira neza, gukata, no gucukura urutare.
Ibikoresho bya laser ni core na Fondasiyo ishinzwe iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Laser. Buri gihe habaye imvugo mu nganda za laser ko 'igisekuru kimwe cyibikoresho, igisekuru kimwe cyibikoresho'. Gutezimbere ibikoresho byateye imbere kandi bifatika, birakenewe kubanza gutunga ibikoresho byimikorere byibanze kandi bihuza izindi ikoranabuhanga. Ytterbium yakoranye na kristu ya crisels hamwe na laser ikirahure, nkimbaraga nshya za laser iteranirana na layer
Byongeye kandi, ytterbium ikoreshwa kandi nka poromicscent ifata rya poromicscent. Twabibutsa ko yttrium na yttrium nibice bidasanzwe byisi. Nubwo hari itandukaniro ryinshi mumazina yicyongereza nibimenyetso byambere, inyuguti ya phonerat yubushinwa ifite inyuguti zimwe. Mu buhinduzi bumwe bw'Abashinwa, Yttrium rimwe na rimwe bibeshya ko ya Yttrium. Muri iki gihe, dukeneye gukurikirana inyandiko yumwimerere no guhuza ibimenyetso byatoranijwe kugirango twemeze.
Igihe cya nyuma: Kanama-30-2023