Bariimi (1)

1, Intangiriro Yibanze

Izina ry'Ubushinwa:Barium, Izina ry'icyongereza:Barium, ikimenyetso cya elementBa, Atomic Umubare 56 mumeza yigihe, ni Itsinda rya Iia Itsinda ryisi Alkaline Eld Clatike ifite ubucucike bwa 3.51 G. (1000 K, 150 ° ya 1870 ° C (2143 K, 339 ° F). Barium ni ibyuma byisi alkaline hamwe na feza yera yera, hamwe namabara yumuriro wumuhondo, yoroshye, na gagiti.Bariumifite imiti ikora neza kandi irashobora kubyitwaramo hamwe nibyuma byinshi.Bariumntabwo yigeze aboneka nkibintu bimwe muri kamere.BariumUmunyu ni uburozi usibyebariumsulfate. Byongeye,MuriyiriIfite imirongo ikomeye kandi irashobora kugabanya inkozi y'ibimasa byinshi, harwa kabiri, na sulfide kugirango ubone ibyuma bihuye. Ibikubiye muribariumMuri crust ni 0.05%, hamwe na minerval isanzwe muri kamere irahari (bariumsulfate) kandi amarimba (bariumkarubone). Barium ikoreshwa cyane mu mirima nk'amashanyarazi, ceramic, ubuvuzi, na peteroli.

2, kuvumburaBariumn'iterambere ry'iterambere ry'UbushinwaBariumInganda

1. Amateka magufi yo kuvumburabarium

Alkaline Isi Ibyuma SulFIde yerekana fosphorescence, bivuze ko bakomeje gusohora urumuri mu mwijima mugihe runaka nyuma yo guhura numucyo. Ni mubyukuri kubera ibi biranga ibyobariumIbigize byatangiye kwitondera.

Mu 1602, V. Casiorolus, Umunyanyoni muri Bologna, Ubutaliyani, yavumbuye ko kubaza birimobariumSulfate yasohoye umucyo mu mwijima nyuma yo kuyandika hamwe nibintu byaka. Iki kintu cyakomeje gushishikarira abanyamiti b'Abanyaburayi. Mu 1774, chiede chadele CW Scheele yavumbuye ikintu gishya muri Barite, ariko ntiyashoboye gutandukana, gusa umudamu w'icyo kintu. Mu 1776, Johan Gottilieb Gahn yigunze iyi okide muburyo busa. Baryta yabanje kwitwa Barote by Barote by Guyton de Morveau, nyuma yahinduwe baryta (isi iremereye) na Antoine Lavoisier. Mu 1808, chimiste y'Ubwongereza Huphry Davy yakoresheje mercure nka Cathode, Platine nka Anode, na electrolyzed baribera (Baso4) kubyarabariumAmalgam. Nyuma yo kugaburira gukuraho mercure, icyuma gifite ubuziranenge buke bwabonetse kandi yitwaBarium.

Porogaramu yinganda nazo zifite amateka mumyaka irenga ijana

Nko mu kinyejana cya 19 Hagati, abantu batangiye gukoresha Barite (amabuye y'agaciro yo kubyarabariumnabariumibice) nkuzuza irangi. Kuva muri iki kinyejana, Barite yabaye ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gukora bitandukanyebariumirimo ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa. Kubera igipimo cyacyo gikomeye, imiti mira ya shimi, kandi ihungabanye mumazi na acide, Barite yakoreshejwe nkumukozi ushinzwe uburemere bwa peteroli na gaze.BariumSulfate ikoreshwa mugukora pigment yera kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkuzuza kandi amabara kuri reberi.

2. Imiterere y'Ubushinwabariuminganda

BisanzwebariumUmunyu urimobariumsulfate,bariumnitrate, chloride ya bariya,bariumkarubone,bariumCyanide, n'ibindiBariumIbicuruzwa byumunyu bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki nkinyongera kumabara ishusho yamabara tubes nibikoresho bya rubnetic.

Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwabaye umusaruro munini w'isibariumUmunyu. Ubushobozi bwumwaka wa buri mwakabariumCarbonate ni toni zigera kuri 900000, hamwe na toni zigera kuri 700000, mugihe ubushobozi bwumwaka wubushinwa bugera kuri toni 700000, hamwe na toni 500.000 zigera kuri 500000bariumubushobozi bwo gukora karubone no gusohoka. UbushinwabariumIbicuruzwa bya karubone byoherejwe hanze mugihe kinini, kandi Ubushinwa bwahindutse ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isibariumkarubone.

Ibibazo bihuye niterambere ryaBariumInganda z'umunyu mu Bushinwa

Nubwo Ubushinwa aribwo bunini bwisi no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanzebariumkarubone, ntabwo ari umusaruro ukomeye wa kariiumi. Ubwa mbere, hari bike-bininibariumIbikorwa bya karubonate mu Bushinwa, kandi hari ibigo bike cyane byageze ku musaruro munini; Icya kabiri, UbushinwabariumIbicuruzwa bya karubone bifite imiterere imwe no kubura ibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga. Nubwo inganda zimwe na zimwe zikora ubushakashatsi kandi zitanga isuku-ubuziranengebariumkarubone, gushikama kwayo ni bikennye. Kubicuruzwa byera cyane, Ubushinwa kandi bukeneye kandi gutuma ibigo nk'Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, n'Ubuyapani. Byongeye kandi, mumyaka yashize, ibihugu bimwe byabaye byoherejwe hanzebariumCarbonate, nk'Uburusiya, Burezili, Koreya y'Epfo, na Mexico, biganisha ku ishuribariumIsoko rya karubone, ryagize ingaruka nini ku Bushinwabariuminganda za karubone. Abakora bafite ubushake bwo kugabanya ibiciro kugirango babeho. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa nabyo bihura na peteroli iperereza arwanya mu mahanga. Hamwe no Gukomeza Gutezimbere Ibisabwa Kurinda Ibidukikije, bamwebariumImishinga yo gutanga iminyu yumunyu mu Bushinwa nayo ihura nibibazo bishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ry'Ubushinwabariuminganda z'umunyu,bariumIbishinga umusaruro w'umunyu mu Bushinwa bigomba gutura mu bidukikije n'umutekano nk'ishingiro, ukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi kandi ushyireho ikoranabuhanga rishya ryujuje ibi bihe kandi rifite ibintu byinshi by'ikoranabuhanga.

Umusaruro no kohereza amakuru ya Barite mu Bushinwa

Nk'uko amakuru yaturutse muri Amerika yubushakashatsi bwa genologiya, umusaruro wa Barite mu Bushinwa hari toni miliyoni 41 41..bariumSulfate, kwiyongera kwa 0.18% ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize. Agaciro koherezwa mu mahanga kari 65496598 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kwiyongera kwa 20.99% ugereranije n'igihe kimwe umwaka ushize. Igiciro cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyari 0.71 Amadorari ya Amerika kuri KiloGumu, kwiyongera kwa 0.12 kuri kilo ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize. Muri bo, mu Kuboza 2014, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu mahanga ibirometero 8768648 byabariumSulfate, kwiyongera kwa 8.19% ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize. Amafaranga yoherezwa hanze yari 8385141 Amadorari y'Abanyamerika, kwiyongera kwa 5.1% ugereranije n'igihe kimwe umwaka ushize.

Nk'uko amakuru ya gasutamo yo mu Bushinwa, muri Kamena 2015, Ubushinwa bwashyizemo ibice 170000 byabariumsulfate, kugabanuka kwa 1.7% ugereranije n'igihe kimwe umwaka ushize; Mu gice cya mbere cyumwaka, amajwi yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Cumulative yari toni miliyoni 1.12, igabanuka rya 6.8% ugereranije n'igihe kimwe umwaka ushize; Amafaranga yo kohereza hanze yagabanutseho 5.4% na 9% ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize.

3, gukwirakwiza no gukora ibikoresho bya barium (Barite)

1. Gukwirakwiza umutungo wa barium

Ibikubiye muribariumMuri crust ni 0.05%, kurutonde rwa 14. Amabuye nyamukuru muri kamere arahari (bariumSulfate Baso4) kandi Herhete (bariumCarbonate baco3). Muri bo, Barite ni amabuye y'agaciro akunze kugaragara, agizwebariumsulfate kandi bibaho mu mazi make y'amazi meza, nk'ibice bya Quartiz Barite, imitsi yo kubaza, n'ibindi. Uburozi ni ikindi cyingenzibariumikubiyemo amabuye y'agaciro muri kamere, usibye barite, kandi ibintu byingenzi nibariumkarubone.

Dukurikije amakuru ava muri Amerika ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya mu 2015, umutungo wabobamiriweho ku isi ni toni zigera kuri miliyari 2, muriyo toni miliyoni 740 zagaragaye. Ububiko bwisi yose ni toni miliyoni 350. Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite umutungo mwinshi wabaringaniye. Ibindi bihugu bifite ibikoresho bikungahaye birimo Qazaqistan, Türkiye, Ubuhinde, Tayilande, Amerika na Mexico. Inkomoko y'ibyari zizwi cyane ku isi irimo Ubutaka bwa Westman mu Bwongereza, Felsbonne muri Rumaniya, SaonGhou muri Gisani, Liulin muri Hubei, muri Hubei, kandi yakubise Shaanx.

Nk'uko amakuru yaturutse muri Amerika yakoraga ubushakashatsi muri 2015, umusaruro w'isi wa Bariya wari urwanira muri 2013 kandi wiyongereye kugera kuri toni zigera kuri 2013. Muri 2014, mu 2014, mu mwaka wa 2014. Muri 2014 Ubuhinde, Maroc, na Amerika yashyizeho icya kabiri, icya gatatu, na Kane, na Kane, hamwe na toni miliyoni 1.6, toni miliyoni 1.6, toni miliyoni 1, na toni 720000.

2. GukwirakwizaBariumIbikoresho mu Bushinwa

Ubushinwa bukize muribariumUmutungo wamabuye, hamwe na leta yahanuwe muri toni zirenga 1. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwariimi ore ni muremure, kandi ububiko bwacyo n'umusaruro biri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Ibisanzwebariumikubiyemo amayeri muri kamere arahari. Ububiko bwisi yose ni toni miliyoni 350, mugihe ububiko bwa Barite mubushinwa ni toni miliyoni 100, kubara hafi miliyoni 100, kubara hafi 29% byisi yose kwisi.

Dukurikije amakuru mu "gushakisha ibintu nyamukuru bikora imyunyu ngugu hamwe n'ubushobozi bwa genologique y'ubushinwa" (imitingi y'amabuye y'agaciro yo kubaga, 2010), Ubushinwa) mu gihugu hose, hamwe n'urwego rw'umusaruro ubanza ku isi. Hariho ahantu hacukumbutse 195 hamwe nububiko bwagaragaye mubushinwa, hamwe nibikoresho byemewe bya toni miliyoni 370 za ore. Kuva mu Ntara (Akarere) yo gukwirakwiza intara (Akarere) Intara ya Guizhou ifite ibirombe by'intara, ibarura miliyoni 34% by'ibihugu byose; Hunan, GuangXi, Ganssu, Shaanxi nandi ntara (uturere) fata umwanya wa kabiri. Konti y'intara yavuzwe haruguru kuri 80% by'ibihugu by'igihugu. Ubwoko bwo kubitsa ahanini ni sedimentary, kubara 60% byibigega byose. Byongeye kandi, hariho kandi urwego rugenzurwa (Endogenetic), sedimentary yibirunga, hydrothermal, hydrothermal, nahantu hahanamye (isigaye). Igihe cy'ubucukuzi bwari mu bihe bya Paleozoic cyane, kandi abikijwe no kubitsa byashizweho mu gihe cya cenzoic na Mesozoic.

Ibiranga umutungo wa minerval mubushinwa

Duhereye ku buryo buhebuje, imyunya yo kubaza mu Bushinwa ikwirakwizwa ahanini mu karere ko hagati; Mu rwego rw'icyiciro, amabuye y'agaciro ya byose akungahaye ahanini muri Guizhou na Guangxi; Dukurikije uko ubwato bwo kubitsa, kubitsa ubushinwa ahanini ni binini kandi biciriritse. Gusa uduce twinshi twa giizhou tianzhu dahe bian na hunan Xinhuang gongxi gongxi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyimigezi muri utwo turere. Akenshi, ubwoko bumwe bwo kubaza nuburyo nyamukuru bwa ore, hamwe nubutare bugamije imiti ni byiza byoroshye kandi byera, nka hunan Xinhuang Gongxi Batedre yanjye. Byongeye kandi, hariho kandi ububiko bunini bwa co na moteri ifitanye isano ishobora gukoreshwa.

4, inzira ya sariya

1.. Gutegurabarium

Umusaruro w'icyuma cya karimic mu nganda zirimo intambwe ebyiri: Umusaruro wa barium oxide n'umusaruro w'icyuma cya karimic binyuze mu kugabanya ibyuma (kugabanuka kwa aluminomic).

(1) Gutegurabariumoxide

Ubwambere Barite Ore Ubwa mbere Ubanza Gusaba Guhitamo Igitabo na Flotation, hakurikiraho ibyuma na silicon gukuraho kugirango ubone kwibanda kurenza 96%bariumsulfate. Kuvanga ifu ya minerval hamwe nubunini bwa metero 20 cyangwa amakara cyangwa peteroli coke muri kilometero 4: 1, na Kubara kuri 1100 ℃ mu itanura rya revendraturiste.BariumSulfate yagabanutse kugera muri Barium Sulfide (bizwi cyane nka "umukara"), bikavanwa n'amazi ashyushye kugirango abone igisubizo cya kariimi. Kugirango uhindure imvura ya Barium mumvura ya karium ya karium, irakenewe kongeramo karubone cyangwa ngo itangire dioxyde de carbone mukigo cya kariimi gitangaje. Kuvanga Carbonate ya Barium hamwe na Carbon ifu hamwe no kubara hejuru ya 800 ℃ kugirango ubone salium okiside. Twabibutsa ko kuririmba kuri bariyumu kugirango bibe barium peroxide kuri 500-700 ℃, na bariya peroxide irashobora kuborabariumoxide kuri 700-800 ℃. Kubwibyo, kugirango wirinde gutanga ibikoresho bya karium peroxide, ibicuruzwa bikenewe gukongorwa cyangwa kuzimya munsi yuburinganire bwa inert.

(2) Umusaruro waBariumnuburyo bwo kugabanya amakuru

Hariho reaction ebyiri kugabanuka kwa aluminiumbariumoxide kubera ibikoresho bitandukanye:

6ba + 2al → 3bao • al2o3 + 3ba ↑

Cyangwa: 4bao + 2al → Bao • al2o3 + 3ba ↑

Ku bushyuhe kuva ku 1000 kugeza 1200 ℃, ibi bisubizo byombi bitanga bike cyanebarium, nibyiza rero gukoresha pompe ya vacuum kugirango ukomeze kwimurabariumUmwuka uva muri zone ya reaction kuri zone ya condenstation kugirango ukomeze imyitwarire kugirango ikomeze ubudahwema iburyo. Ibisigisigi nyuma yo kubyitwaramo ni uburozi kandi birashobora gutabwa gusa nyuma yo kuvurwa.

2. Gutegura ibice bisanzwe bya bariimi

(1) Uburyo bwo gutegurabariumkarubone

Uburyo bwa karubili

Uburyo bwa karubilisation ahanini bukubiyemo kuvanga Barite na coaal muburyo runaka, babujanjagura mu itanura ryashenze, kandi bakiyambika no kubageraho saa 110000 ℃ kugirango babone sulfide ya karium ishonga. Dioxyde de carbone yatangijwe muribariumigisubizo cya sulfide cyo gukandara, nuwabonyebariumGucibwa karubone gukorerwa koza deulfurisation no guhindagurika. Noneho, yumye kandi yajanjaguwe saa 300 ℃ kugirango ibone ibicuruzwa byarangiye bya karubone. Ubu buryo bwemezwa nabakora benshi kubera inzira yoroshye hamwe nigiciro gito.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuboneza

Ibicuruzwa byanyuma byabariumCarbonate irashobora kuboneka na Contection ebyiri hagati ya kariimi sulfide na karumoni, cyangwa kubya reaction hagati ya kariimi na potasiyumu. Ibicuruzwa biva noneho byogejwe, byuzurijwe, byumye, nibindi.

③ Amategeko Uburozi Amategeko ya Petrochemical

Ifu yuburyo buremereye bwa ore yakozwe na amonium umunyu kugirango utere gushongabariumUmunyu, na amimonium carbonate isubirwamo kugirango ikoreshwe. GushongabariumUmunyu wongewe kuri Ammonium Carbonate kugirango ucire intege karobonate itunganijwe, iyungurura kandi yumye kugirango itange ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Byongeye kandi, inzoga za Mama zishobora gukoreshwa kandi zikoreshwa.

(2) Uburyo bwo gutegurabariumTitante

Uburyo bukomeye-Phase

BariumTitanate arashobora gutegurwa no kubarabariumCarbonate na Titanium dioxyde, ishobora gukorerwa nibindi bikoresho.

Uburyo bwo gucuruza

Gushongabariumchloride na titanium tetrachloride mu ruvange rw'ibintu bingana, ubushyuhe kugeza 70 ° C, hanyuma ugabanye aside ya oxalic kugirango ubone imvura ya hydradbariumTitanate [Batio (C2O4) 2-4h2o]. Gukaraba, gukama, hanyuma pyrolyse kugirango ubone satani.

(3) Uburyo bwo gutegurabariumchloride

Igikorwa cyabariumChlide ahanini ikubiyemo uburyo bwa Hydrochloric,bariumUburyo bwa karubone, uburyo bwa chlorum chlori, na magnesium chloride ukurikije uburyo butandukanye cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo.

① Uburyo bwa Hydrochloric.

②Bariumuburyo bwa karubone. Yakozwe mu ibuye ryumye (Barium Carbonate) nkibikoresho fatizo.

Uburyo bwa Chalcium chlorum. Kugabanya uruvange rwa Barite na Calcium chloride hamwe na karubone.

Byongeye kandi, hariho uburyo bwa magnesium chloride. Yateguwe no kuvurabariumsulfide hamwe na magnesium chloride.