Hariho ubwoko bwibyuma gitangaje cyane. Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, bugaragara muburyo bwamazi nka mercure. Niba uyijugunye kuri audy, uzatungurwa no kubona icupa riba rimeze nkibipapuro, kandi bizavunika hamwe na poke gusa. Byongeye kandi, kuyireka kubyuma nkumuringa nicyuma kandi bitera iki kibazo, gishobora kwitwa "Terminator". Ni iki kibitera kugira ibintu nk'ibi? Uyu munsi tuzinjira mwisi yibyuma bya gallium.
1, nikihe kintuGallium
Igikoresho cya Gallium kiri mu gihe cya kane cya IIIA mu mbonerahamwe yigihe. Ingingo yo gushonga ya gallium nziza cyane, 29.78 ℃, ariko ingingo yo guteka ni hejuru ya 2204.8 ℃. Mu ci, ibyinshi muri byo bihari nk'amazi kandi birashobora gushonga iyo bishyizwe mu kiganza. Duhereye kumiterere yavuzwe haruguru, dushobora kumva ko Gallium ashobora kwangiriza izindi shyashya kubera agaciro gake. Imikorere ya gallium yamashanyarazi ihuza nibindi byuma, nikintu cyubumaji bwavuzwe haruguru. Ibiri mu bukene bw'isi bigera kuri 0.001%, kandi kubaho kwaho ntibyavumbuwe kugeza hashize imyaka 140. Mu 1871, Uburusiya Mendeleev yavuganye muri make imbonerahamwe y'ibihe kandi byahanuye ko nyuma ya Aluminiyumu, hari kandi ifite ibintu bisa na Aluminium kandi yitwa "Aluminium nk'ibintu". Mu 1875, igihe umuhanga mu Bufaransa Bowaburdland yiga amategeko y'icyuma cy'icyuma cyo mu muryango umwe, maze arabitangaza nyuma y'urwandiko rw'umuryango umwe, bityo ayita mu mateka y'ubutaka, hanyuma ayita mu mateka yo kuvumbura imiti, hanyuma asanga ibyo byemejwe element mubushakashatsi.
Gallium ahamagarwa ahanini mu Bushinwa, Ubudage, Ositaraliya, Kazakisitani n'ibindi bihugu byo ku isi, bikwirakwizwa cyane muri Shallium Abashinzwe imigabane mu Bushinwa, cyane cyane Abakoresha Gallium, Yunnan, Guangxi n'ahandi [1]. Muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubwoko bwo gukwirakwiza, Shandong n'ahandi hantu ahanini muri bauxite, Yunnan n'ahandi muri TIn Ore, na Hunan n'ahandi ahari muri Sphalerite. Mu ntangiriro yo kuvumbura ibyuma bya Gallium, kubera kubura ubushakashatsi bujyanye no gusaba bwayo, abantu bahoraga bizera ko ari icyuma gifite ubushobozi buke. Ariko, hamwe no guteza imbere amakuru yikoranabuhanga nigihe cyingufu nshya nicumba ryikoranabuhanga ryihanganye, ryagabwe ryitondewe, kandi icyifuzo cyacyo nacyo cyariyongereye cyane.
2, gusaba imirima yicyuma
1. Semiconductor
Gallium ikoreshwa cyane mu murima wibikoresho bya Semiconductor, hamwe na Gallium arsenide (gaas) kuba ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoranabuhanga riba rikuze cyane. Nkumutwara amakuru akwirakwizwa, konte ya Semiconductor ya 80% kugeza 85% yo kunywa gallium, cyane cyane mubikorwa byimitsi. Gallium arsenide imbaraga zamashanyarazi zirashobora kongera umuvuduko wo gutoza inshuro 100 zitsinda rya 4G, zishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kwinjira muri 5G. Byongeye kandi, Galliyumu irashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gutandukana mubushyuhe muri Semiconductor Porogaramu kubera imiterere yubushyuhe, ingingo yo gushonga hasi, ingingo yo gushonga cyane, imikorere yubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe n'imikorere myiza. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bya gallium muburyo bwa gallium ishingiye kubikoresho byubushyuhe bwibikoresho byubushyuhe birashobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutandukana nubusa nibikorwa bya elegitoroniki.
2. Ingirabuzimafatizo
Iterambere ry'imiseli y'izuba ryagiye mu kagari ka Minocrystalline kare mu kagari ka silicon kuri Polycrystalline selile za silicon. Kubera ikiguzi kinini cya polycrystalline selile ya firime ya polcon, abashakashatsi bavumbuye umuringa wa Millium Selenium Selenium. Ingirabuzimafatizo za cigs zifite ibyiza byo gutanga umusaruro muke, umusaruro munini, hamwe nigipimo kinini cya fototerictlic, bityo bigira ibyiringiro bigari. Icya kabiri, Gallium arsenide ells ells zifite ibyiza byinshi muguhindura imikorere ugereranije na selile zoroheje za firime zikozwe mubindi bikoresho. Ariko, kubera igiciro kinini gishinzwe umusaruro mwinshi wibikoresho bya Gallium arsenide, ubu bikoreshwa cyane muri aerospace nibikorwa bya gisirikare.
3. Ingufu za Hydrogen
Hamwe no kumenya ikibazo cyingufu kwisi yose, abantu barashaka gusimbuza ingufu zishobora kongerwa, ingufu za hydrogen zigaragara. Ariko, amafaranga menshi n'umutekano muto wo kubika hydrogen no gutwara abantu bibangamira iterambere ryiribuhanga. Nkibintu byinshi byicyuma muri CRUST, Aluminium irashobora kwitwara n'amazi kugirango itange hydrogen mubihe bimwe, ariko, bitewe nuburyo bwo kubika hydgen kugirango ikoreshwe Gushonga hejuru ya aluminium Gukoresha Gallinum Galliyum Repolod Bikoresho bikemura cyane ikibazo cyo kwitegura vuba no kubika neza no gutwara abantu imbaraga za hydrogen, kuzamura umutekano, ubukungu, no kurengera ibidukikije.
4. Umwanya w'ubuvuzi
Gallium akoreshwa mumwanya wubuvuzi kubera imitungo idasanzwe, ishobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya no kubuza ibibyimba bibi. Ibikoresho bya gallium birambuye nibikorwa bya antibacteri, kandi amaherezo bigera kuri storilisation mugubangamira hamwe na metaboliard. Kandi gallium alloys irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora tramimetero, nka gallium indium tin thermometero, ubwoko bushya bwibyuma bigize umutekano, bidafite uburozi, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza ibidukikije. Mubyongeyeho, umubare runaka wa Gallium ushingiye kuri Bollium usimbuye Ifeza GakoFodiam kandi ikoreshwa mubisabwa byubuvuzi nkibikoresho bishya byuzura amenyo.
3, Outlook
Nubwo Ubushinwa ari umwe mubatanga ibicuruzwa byingenzi kwisi, haracyari ibibazo byinshi munganda za Gallium cy'Ubushinwa. Kubera ibirindiro bike bya gallium nka minerpel yumusaruro wa pallium, abahinzi borozi baratatanye, kandi hariho amahuza afite intege nke mumurongo winganda. Inzira y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro afite umwanda ukomeye mu bidukikije, kandi ubushobozi bw'umusaruro buke, cyane cyane kwishingikiriza byoherezwa mu mahanga mu biciro bike kandi bitumizwa mu gitsina gake mu biciro biringaniye ku biciro biringaniye ku biciro biringaniye. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryaba siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, kuzamura imibereho yabantu, hamwe no gukoresha gallium yagabanije mu rwego rw'amakuru n'imbaraga na byo bizagenda byiyongera. Ikoranabuhanga risa ku musaruro wo kugarura imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rizamenyekana kugira ngo rimenyere ku iterambere ry'Ubushinwa. Gutezimbere ikoranabuhanga rishya rifite akamaro gakomeye ryo kugera ku iterambere ryiza ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa.
Igihe cya nyuma: Gicurasi-17-2023