Nk’uko ikinyamakuru BusinessKorea kibitangaza ngo Itsinda ry’imodoka rya Hyundai ryatangiye guteza imbere moteri y’imodoka z’amashanyarazi zidashingiye cyane ku gishinwa “ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi“.
Nk’uko abari mu nganda babitangaza ku ya 13 Kanama, Itsinda ry’imodoka rya Hyundai kuri ubu ririmo gukora moteri igenda idakoresha ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka nkaneodymium, dysprosium, naterbiumku kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Nanyang i Huacheng, Gyeonggi do. Imbere mu nganda yagize ati: “Itsinda ry’imodoka rya Hyundai ririmo gukora 'moteri ikomeretsa moteri (WRSM)' yirinda rwose gukoresha magnesi zihoraho zirimoibintu bidasanzwe by'isi
Neodymium ni ikintu gifite magnetism ikomeye. Iyo ivanze nubunini bwa dysprosium na terbium, irashobora gukomeza magnetisme no mubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 200. Mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, abakora ibinyabiziga bakoresha izo neodymium zishingiye kuri magnesi zihoraho muri moteri zabo zigenda, bakunze kwita "umutima wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi". Muriyi miterere, neodymium ishingiye kuri magnesi zihoraho zishyirwa muri rotor (igice kizunguruka cya moteri), mugihe ibishishwa bikozwe mumuzinga bishyirwa hafi ya rotor kugirango bitware moteri ukoresheje iboneza rya "Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)".
Ku rundi ruhande, moteri nshya irimo gutunganywa na Hyundai Motor Group ikoresha amashanyarazi aho gukoresha magnesi zihoraho muri rotor. Ibi bituma iba moteri idashingiye kubintu bidasanzwe byisi nka neodymium, dysprosium, na terbium.
Impamvu Itsinda ry’imodoka rya Hyundai ryimukiye mu guteza imbere moteri y’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bitarimo ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka biterwa n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’Ubushinwa butumizwa mu mahanga bidasanzwe. Ubushinwa bufite 58% by’ubucukuzi bwa neodymium ku isi na 90% bya neodymium itunganijwe ku isi. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi muri Koreya rivuga ko hamwe n’iyongera ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi n’abakora amamodoka yo muri Koreya yo mu gihugu, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigizwe ahanini n’ibintu by’ubutaka bidasanzwe byiyongereye biva kuri miliyoni 239 z’amadolari y’Amerika (hafi miliyari 318 z’Abanyakoreya) muri 2020 bigera kuri 641 miliyoni y'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2022, kwiyongera hafi inshuro 2.7. Hafi ya 87.9% bya magnesi zihoraho zitumizwa muri Koreya yepfo ziva mubushinwa.
Nk’uko iyi raporo ibigaragaza, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa iratekereza gukoresha “itegeko ryo kubuza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bidasanzwe” mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byo muri Amerika. Niba Ubushinwa bushyira mu bikorwa ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, bizahita byibasira abakora ibinyabiziga bose bateza imbere ihinduka ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Muri ibi bihe, BMW na Tesla nazo zirashaka guteza imbere moteri idafite ibintu bidasanzwe byisi. BMW yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya WRSM rikorwa na Hyundai Motor Group mumodoka ya BMW i4. Ariko, ugereranije na moteri ikoresha magneti zidasanzwe zisi, moteri ya WRSM ihari ifite igihe gito cyo kubaho ningufu nyinshi cyangwa gutakaza umuringa, bikavamo gukora neza. Uburyo Hyundai Motor Group ikemura iki kibazo birashobora kuba ikintu cyingenzi mugushikira isi idasanzwe yubumenyi bwimodoka.
Muri iki gihe Tesla irimo guteza imbere moteri ikoresheje magnite ya ferrite ihoraho, ikorwa mu kuvanga ibintu byuma na okiside ya fer. Ferrite ya magnite ihoraho ifatwa nkibisimbuza neodymium ishingiye kuri magnesi zihoraho. Nyamara, magnetisme yabo ifite intege nke kandi ntikwiriye gukoreshwa mumoteri yimodoka yamashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba byaratumye bamwe banengwa muruganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2023