Amakuru - Nanometero ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi, imbaraga nshya muri revolution yinganda

Nanometero ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka, imbaraga nshya muri revolution yinganda

Nanotehnologiya ni umurima mushya uhuza iterambere buhoro buhoro mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya za 90. Kuberako ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukora uburyo bushya bwo gukora, ibikoresho bishya nibicuruzwa bishya, bizashyiraho impinduramatwara nshya munganda mu kinyejana gishya.Urwego rwiterambere rwubu rwa nanoscience na nanotehnologiya rusa nubwa mudasobwa nikoranabuhanga ryamakuru muri 1950. Abahanga benshi biyemeje muriki gice bavuga ko iterambere rya nanotehnologiya rizagira ingaruka nini kandi zigera kure mubice byinshi byikoranabuhanga. Abahanga bemeza ko ifite imiterere idasanzwe nibikorwa bidasanzwe, Ingaruka nyamukuru zo kwifungisha ziganisha kumiterere idasanzwe yibikoresho bya nano bidasanzwe byubutaka ni ingaruka zubuso bwihariye, ingaruka ntoya, ingaruka yimbere, ingaruka zumucyo, ingaruka za tunnel n'ingaruka za macroscopique. Izi ngaruka zituma ibintu bifatika bya sisitemu ya nano bitandukanye nibikoresho bisanzwe mumucyo, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe na magnetisme, kandi bikerekana ibintu byinshi bishya.Mu gihe kizaza, hari inzira eshatu zingenzi abahanga bakora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere nanotehnologiya: gutegura no kubishyira mubikorwa ya nanomaterial hamwe nibikorwa byiza; Gutegura no gutegura ibikoresho bitandukanye bya nano nibikoresho; Gutahura no gusesengura imiterere ya nano-turere. Kugeza ubu, isi idasanzwe nano ifite icyerekezo gikurikira, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo rigomba kurushaho gutezwa imbere mugihe kizaza.

Nanometer lanthanum oxyde (La2O3)

Nanometer lanthanum oxyde ikoreshwa mubikoresho bya piezoelectric, ibikoresho bya electrothermal, ibikoresho bya termoelektrike, ibikoresho bya magnetoresistance, ibikoresho bya luminescent (ifu yubururu), ibikoresho byo kubika hydrogène, ibirahuri bya optique, ibikoresho bya laser, ibikoresho bitandukanye bivangavanze, catalizike yo gutegura ibikomoka ku miti kama, hamwe na catalizike yo kutabogama. umunaniro wimodoka, hamwe na firime yubuhinzi ihindura urumuri na nanometer lanthanum oxyde.

Nanometero cerium oxyde (CeO2)

Imikoreshereze yingenzi ya nano cerium oxyde niyi ikurikira: 1. Nka kongeramo ikirahure, oxyde ya nano cerium irashobora gukurura imirasire ya ultraviolet nimirasire yimirasire, kandi yakoreshejwe mubirahuri byimodoka. Ntishobora gukumira imirasire ya ultraviolet gusa, ahubwo irashobora no kugabanya ubushyuhe buri mumodoka, bityo ikazigama amashanyarazi kugirango ihumeke. 2. Gukoresha okiside ya nano cerium muri catalizike yo gutunganya ibinyabiziga birashobora gukumira neza umubare munini wa gaze ya moteri isohoka mu kirere.3. Okiside ya Nano-cerium irashobora gukoreshwa muri pigment kugirango ibara rya plastike, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo gutwika, wino nimpapuro. 4. Gukoresha okiside ya nano cerium oxyde mubikoresho byo gusya byamenyekanye cyane nkibisabwa mu buryo bunonosoye bwo gusiga wafer ya silicon na safiro imwe ya kirisiti ya kirisiti.5. Byongeye kandi, nano cerium oxyde irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mububiko bwa hydrogène, ibikoresho bya thermoelectric, nano cerium oxide tungsten electrode, capacitor ceramic, ceramics piezoelectric, ceramics nano cerium oxide silicon carbide abrasives, ibikoresho bya peteroli ya selile, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ibyuma bitandukanye bivanze n'ibyuma bidafite ferrous, nibindi.

Nanometero ya praseodymium oxyde (Pr6O11)

Imikoreshereze yingenzi ya nanometero praseodymium oxyde niyi ikurikira: 1. Ikoreshwa cyane mukubaka ububumbyi nubukorikori bwa buri munsi. Irashobora kuvangwa na ceramic glaze kugirango ikore ibara ryamabara, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa nka pigment ya pigment yonyine. Ibara ryateguwe ni umuhondo wijimye ufite ijwi ryiza kandi ryiza. 2. Ikoreshwa mugukora magnesi zihoraho kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki na moteri zitandukanye. 3. Ikoreshwa mugukata peteroli catalitike. Igikorwa, guhitamo no gutuza kwa catalizike birashobora kunozwa. 4. Okiside ya Nano-praseodymium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukata neza. Mubyongeyeho, ikoreshwa rya nanometero praseodymium oxyde murwego rwa fibre optique ni byinshi kandi binini. Nanometer neodymium oxyde (Nd2O3) Nanometer neodymium oxyde yabaye ahantu hashyushye kumasoko imyaka myinshi kubera umwanya wihariye wihariye mubutaka budasanzwe. Okiside ya Nano-neodymium nayo ikoreshwa mubikoresho bidafite fer.Kongeramo 1.5% ~ 2,5% ya nano neodymium oxyde ya magnesium cyangwa aluminiyumu irashobora kunoza imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubukana bwikirere hamwe no kwangirika kwangirika, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mukirere ibikoresho byo mu ndege. Byongeye kandi, nano yttrium aluminium garnet yometse kuri oxyde ya nano neodymium itanga urumuri rugufi rwa lazeri, rukoreshwa cyane mu gusudira no gukata ibikoresho bito bifite uburebure buri munsi ya 10mm mu nganda. Kuruhande rwubuvuzi, laser ya Nano-YAG yometse kuri nano-Nd _ 2O _ 3 ikoreshwa mugukuraho ibikomere byo kubaga cyangwa kwanduza ibikomere aho kuba ibyuma byo kubaga. Nanometer neodymium oxyde nayo ikoreshwa muguhindura ibirahuri nibikoresho bya ceramic, ibicuruzwa bya reberi ninyongera.

Samarium oxyde nanoparticles (Sm2O3)

Imikoreshereze yingenzi ya nano-nini ya samarium oxyde ni: oxyde ya nano nini ya samarium ni umuhondo wijimye, ikoreshwa kuri capacitori ceramic na catalizator. Byongeye kandi, nano nini ya samarium oxyde ifite imiterere ya kirimbuzi, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka, bikingira ibikoresho ndetse nigenzura ryibikoresho bya reaction ya ingufu za atome, kugirango ingufu nini zituruka kumyuka ya kirimbuzi zishobora gukoreshwa neza. Europium oxyde nanoparticles (Eu2O3) ikoreshwa cyane muri fosifore.Eu3 + ikoreshwa nka activate ya fosifore itukura, naho Eu2 + ikoreshwa nka fosifori y'ubururu. Y0O3: Eu3 + ni fosifore nziza muburyo bwiza bwo kumurika, gutwikira neza, kugarura ibiciro, nibindi, kandi irakoreshwa cyane kubera kunoza imikorere yumucyo no gutandukana. Vuba aha, nano europium oxyde nayo ikoreshwa nka fosifori yangiza imyuka ya sisitemu nshya yo gusuzuma indwara ya X-ray. Okiside ya Nano-europium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora lens les amabara hamwe na filteri optique, kubikoresho byo kubika magnetiki bubble, kandi irashobora no kwerekana impano zayo muri kugenzura ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gukingira nibikoresho byububiko bwa atome. Agace keza ka gadolinium europium oxyde (Y2O3: Eu3 +) fosifore itukura yateguwe hakoreshejwe nano yttrium oxyde (Y2O3) na nano europium oxyde (Eu2O3) nkibikoresho fatizo. Iyo uyikoresheje mugutegura isi idasanzwe ya tricolor fosifori, byagaragaye ko: (a) ishobora kuba nziza kandi ivanze kimwe nifu yicyatsi nifu yubururu; (b) Imikorere myiza yo gutwikira; .

Gadolinium oxyde nanoparticles (Gd2O3)

Imikoreshereze yacyo nyamukuru niyi ikurikira: 1. Uruganda rwarwo rukora amazi-paramagnetic rushobora kunoza ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho ya NMR yumubiri wabantu mubuvuzi. 2. Base sulfure oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa nka matrix ya gride ya oscilloscope na ecran ya X-ray ifite umucyo udasanzwe. 3. Okiside ya Nano-gadolinium muri garnet ya nano-gadolinium gallium ni substrate imwe nziza yububiko bwa magneti bubble. 4. 5. Ikoreshwa nka inhibitori kugirango igenzure urwego rwimikorere yinganda za nucleaire kugirango umutekano wibisubizo bya kirimbuzi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha okiside ya nano-gadolinium na oxyde ya nano-lanthanum ifasha guhindura akarere ka vitrification no kuzamura ubushyuhe bwumuriro wikirahure. Okiside ya nano gadolinium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora capacator hamwe na X-ray ikomeza ecran. Kugeza ubu, isi irimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango iteze imbere ikoreshwa rya okiside ya nano-gadolinium hamwe n’ibisigazwa byayo mu gukonjesha rukuruzi, kandi imaze gutera intambwe ishimishije.

Terbium oxyde nanoparticles (Tb4O7)

Imirima nyamukuru ikoreshwa niyi ikurikira: 1. Fosifore ikoreshwa nkabashinzwe gukora ifu yicyatsi kibisi muri fosifori ya tricolor, nka matrix ya fosifate ikoreshwa na nano terbium oxyde, materique silicike ikoreshwa na nano terbium oxyde na nano cerium oxyde magnesium aluminate matrix ikorwa na nano terbium oxyde, byose bisohora urumuri rwicyatsi muburyo bushimishije. 2. Ibikoresho byo kubika Magneto-optique, Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho bya nano-terbium oxyde magneto-optique byakorewe ubushakashatsi kandi bitezwa imbere. Disiki ya magneto-optique ikozwe muri firime ya Tb-Fe amorphous ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika mudasobwa, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubika bushobora kwiyongera inshuro 10 ~ 15. 3 ikoreshwa mubice byinshi, nka sisitemu yo gutera lisansi, kugenzura ibintu byamazi, kugenzura micro-guhagarara, gukanika imashini, uburyo no kugenzura amababa ya telesikope yindege. Imikoreshereze nyamukuru ya Dy2O3 nano dysprosium oxyde ni: 1. Okiside ya Nano-dysprosium ikoreshwa nkigikorwa cya fosifore, kandi nano-dysprosium oxyde nini ni ion itanga ibyiringiro byibikoresho bya tricolor luminescent hamwe na centre imwe ya luminescent. Igizwe ahanini nimirongo ibiri yangiza, imwe ni urumuri rwumuhondo, ikindi ni urumuri rwubururu, naho ibikoresho bya luminescent byashyizwe hamwe na oxyde ya nano-dysprosium birashobora gukoreshwa nka fosifori ya tricolor.2. Nanometer dysprosium oxyde ni ibikoresho nkenerwa byuma byo gutegura Terfenol hamwe na magnetostrictive alloy nano-terbium oxyde na nano-dysprosium oxyde, ishobora kumenya ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byimikorere yimashini. 3. Nanometer dysprosium oxyde icyuma irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika magneto-optique ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gufata amajwi hamwe no gusoma. 4. Byakoreshejwe mugutegura itara rya nanometero dysprosium oxyde.Ibintu bikora bikoreshwa mu itara rya nano dysprosium oxyde ni nano dysprosium oxyde, ifite ibyiza byo kumurika cyane, ibara ryiza, ubushyuhe bwamabara menshi, ubunini buto na arc ihamye, kandi byarabaye ikoreshwa nkisoko yamurika ya firime no gucapa. 5. Nanometer dysprosium oxyde ikoreshwa mugupima ingufu za neutron cyangwa nka neutron ikurura inganda zingufu za atome kubera nini nini ya neutron ifata agace kambukiranya.

Ho _ 2O _ 3 Nanometero

Imikoreshereze yingenzi ya okiside ya nano-holmium niyi ikurikira: 1.Nkongerwaho itara ryicyuma cya halogene, itara ryicyuma cya halogene nubwoko bwamatara asohora gaze, atunganywa ashingiye kumatara ya mercure yumuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ibiranga ni ko itara ryuzuyemo isi itandukanye idasanzwe. Kugeza ubu, iyode idasanzwe yisi ikoreshwa cyane cyane, isohora imirongo itandukanye iyo gaze isohotse.Ibintu bikora bikoreshwa mu itara rya nano-holmium oxyde ni nano-holmium oxyde iode, ishobora kubona ibyuma bya atome byibanze cyane muri zone ya arc, bityo kuzamura cyane imikorere yimirasire. 2. Nanometer holmium oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa nkinyongera ya yttrium fer cyangwa yttrium aluminium garnet; 3. Okiside ya Nano-holmium irashobora gukoreshwa nka garnet ya yttrium Iron aluminium (Ho: YAG), ishobora gusohora lazeri 2μm, kandi igipimo cyo kwinjiza ingirangingo z'umuntu kuri lazeri 2μm ni kinini.Ni amategeko atatu yubunini burenze Hd: YAG0. Kubwibyo, mugihe ukoresheje Ho: YAG laser mugikorwa cyubuvuzi, ntishobora kunoza imikorere yimikorere nukuri, ariko kandi igabanya ahantu hashobora kwangirika kwubushyuhe kugeza mubunini. Igiti cyubusa cyakozwe na nano holmium oxyde kristal kirashobora gukuraho ibinure bitabyaye ubushyuhe bukabije, bityo bikagabanya kwangirika kwubushyuhe buterwa nuduce twiza.Bivugwa ko kuvura glaucoma hamwe na nanometero ya holmium oxyde ya lazeri muri Amerika bishobora kugabanya ububabare bwa kubaga. 4. Muri magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol-D, umubare muto wa nano-nini ya Holmium oxyde nayo irashobora kongerwamo kugirango ugabanye umurima wo hanze ukenewe kugirango wuzuze magnetisiyumu.5. Byongeye kandi, fibre optique yometse kuri nano-holmium oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byitumanaho rya optique nka optique ya fibre optique, fibre optique fibre optique, optique ya fibre optique, nibindi bizagira uruhare runini mugutumanaho kwihuse kwa fibre optique.

Nanometero yttrium oxyde (Y2O3)

Imikoreshereze yingenzi ya nano yttrium oxyde niyi ikurikira: 1. Ibyongeweho ibyuma na allrousrous alloys. Ubusanzwe FeCr ibamo 0.5% ~ 4% ya nano yttrium oxyde, ishobora kongera imbaraga za okiside hamwe no guhindagurika kwibyuma bidafite ingese Nyuma yo kongeramo urugero rwinshi rwimvange yubutaka budasanzwe ikungahaye kuri nanometero yttrium oxyde ya MB26, imitungo yuzuye ya alloy yari igaragara yatunganijwe ejo, Irashobora gusimbuza aluminiyumu yo hagati kandi ikomeye ikomeye kubice bigize indege; Ongeramo umubare muto wa nano yttrium oxyde yisi idasanzwe muri Al-Zr alloy irashobora kunoza imikorere ya alloy; Amavuta yakoreshejwe ninganda nyinshi zinsinga mubushinwa. Okiside Nano-yttrium yongewemo mumuringa kugirango iteze imbere imbaraga nimbaraga. 2. Silicon nitride ceramic ceramic irimo 6% nano yttrium oxyde na 2% aluminium. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibice bya moteri. 3. Gucukura, gukata, gusudira hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya imashini bikorerwa mubice binini hifashishijwe nano neodymium oxyde ya aluminium garnet laser beam ifite ingufu za watt 400. 4. Mugaragaza ya microscope ya electron igizwe na Y-Al garnet imwe ya kirisiti ifite umucyo mwinshi wa fluorescence, kwinjiza gake kumucyo utatanye, hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo hejuru hamwe no kurwanya imashini.5. Imiterere ya nano yttrium oxyde igizwe na 90% ya nano gadolinium oxyde irashobora gukoreshwa mubyindege nibindi bihe bisaba ubucucike buke hamwe no gushonga cyane. 6. Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya proton birimo 90% ya nano yttrium oxyde bifite akamaro kanini mugukora selile, lisansi ya electrolytike na sensor ya gaze isaba hydrogène nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, okiside ya Nano-yttrium nayo ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bitera imiti irwanya ubukana, ikoresha amavuta ya reaction ya atome, ikongeramo ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho hamwe na getter mu nganda za elegitoroniki.

Usibye hejuru yavuzwe haruguru, nano idasanzwe ya okiside yisi irashobora no gukoreshwa mubikoresho byimyenda yo kwita kubuzima bwabantu no kurengera ibidukikije. Kuva mubice byubushakashatsi biriho, byose bifite icyerekezo runaka: imirasire irwanya ultraviolet; Guhumanya ikirere n'imirasire ya ultraviolet bikunze kwibasirwa n'indwara z'uruhu na kanseri y'uruhu; Kwirinda umwanda bituma bigora umwanda kwizirika ku myenda; Irimo kwigwa kandi mu cyerekezo cyo kwirinda ubushyuhe.Kuko uruhu rukomeye kandi rworoshye gusaza, rukunze kwibasirwa niminsi yimvura. Uruhu rushobora koroshya muguhumanya nano idasanzwe yisi ya cerium oxyde, ntibyoroshye gusaza no kurwara, kandi byoroshye kwambara. Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho bya nano-coating nabyo byibandwaho mubushakashatsi bwa nano-ibikoresho, kandi ubushakashatsi nyamukuru bwibanda kumyenda ikora. Y. CeO2 ifite indangagaciro yo kwangirika no guhagarara neza. Iyo nano idasanzwe yisi yttrium oxyde, nano lanthanum oxyde na poro ya nano cerium oxyde yongewe kuri coating, urukuta rwinyuma rushobora kurwanya gusaza, kuko gutwikisha urukuta rwinyuma byoroshye gusaza no kugwa kuko irangi ryerekanwa nurumuri rwizuba nimirasire ya ultraviolet. umwanya muremure, kandi irashobora kurwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet nyuma yo kongeramo cerium oxyde na yttrium oxyde.Ikindi kandi, ingano yacyo ni nto cyane, na nano cerium oxyde ikoreshwa nk'imashini ya ultraviolet, biteganijwe ko izakoreshwa mu gukumira gusaza kw'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bitewe n'imirasire ya ultraviolet, tanks, amamodoka, amato, ibigega byo kubika amavuta, n'ibindi, bishobora kurinda neza ibyapa binini byo hanze no kwirinda indwara, ubuhehere hamwe n’umwanda kubitambaro byimbere. Kubera ubunini bwacyo buto, umukungugu ntiworoshye kwizirika kurukuta.Kandi urashobora gushiramo amazi. Haracyari byinshi byo gukoresha nano idasanzwe ya okiside yisi kugirango ikorwe ubushakashatsi kandi itezimbere, kandi turizera rwose ko izagira ejo hazaza heza.