Gutegura ibyuma bidasanzwe byisi

Gutegura ibyuma bidasanzwe byisi

Umusaruro wibyuma bidasanzwe byisi bizwi kandi nkibikorwa bidasanzwe byisi pyrometallurgical.Ntibisanzwemuri rusange bigabanijwemo ubutare budasanzwe buvanze nubutaka bumwe budasanzwe. Ibigize ubutaka buvanze bidasanzwe bisa nubutaka bwambere budasanzwe mubutaka, kandi icyuma kimwe nicyuma cyatandukanijwe kandi gitunganijwe kuri buri isi idasanzwe. Biragoye kugabanya okiside yisi idasanzwe (usibye okiside ya samariyumu, europium, ytterbium, na thulium) mo icyuma kimwe ukoresheje uburyo rusange bwa metallurgie, kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushiraho no guhagarara neza. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka ni chloride na fluoride.

(1) Uburyo bwumunyu wa electrolysis

Umusaruro mwinshi wibyuma bidasanzwe bivangwa nubutaka mubikorwa byinganda bikoresha uburyo bwa elegitoronike yumunyu wa elegitoronike. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gushyushya no gushonga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe nka chloride yisi idasanzwe, hanyuma electrolysis kugirango igabanye ubutaka budasanzwe kuri cathode. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwa electrolysis: chloride electrolysis na oxyde electrolysis. Uburyo bwo gutegura icyuma kimwe kidasanzwe cyisi kiratandukanye bitewe nibintu. Samarium, europium, ytterbium, na thulium ntibikwiriye gutegurwa na electrolytike kubera umuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga, ahubwo bigategurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugabanya kugabanya. Ibindi bintu birashobora gutegurwa na electrolysis cyangwa uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro.

Chloride electrolysis nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ibyuma, cyane cyane kubutaka bwivanze budasanzwe. Inzira iroroshye, irahendutse, kandi isaba ishoramari rito. Nyamara, imbogamizi nini ni ukurekura gaze ya chlorine, yangiza ibidukikije.

Oxide electrolysis ntabwo irekura imyuka yangiza, ariko igiciro kiri hejuru gato. Mubisanzwe, isi ihenze cyane idasanzwe nka neodymium na praseodymium ikorwa hakoreshejwe okiside electrolysis.

(2) Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro

Uburyo bwa electrolysis burashobora gutegura gusa urwego rusange rwinganda zidasanzwe zubutaka. Gutegura ibyuma bifite umwanda muke nubuziranenge bwinshi, uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro bukoreshwa muri rusange. Mubisanzwe, okiside idasanzwe yisi ikorwa bwa mbere muri fluoride yisi idasanzwe, igabanywa na calcium ya metallic mu itanura rya vacuum induction kugirango ibone ubutare bubi. Noneho, barashonga kandi barashungura kugirango babone ibyuma bisukuye. Ubu buryo bushobora kubyara ibyuma byose bidasanzwe byisi, ariko samarium, europium, ytterbium, na thulium ntibishobora gukoreshwa.

Kugabanya okiside ya ubushobozi bwasamarium, europium, ytterbium, thuliumna calcium yagabanije igice gusa fluoride yisi idasanzwe. Mubisanzwe, ibyo byuma byateguwe hifashishijwe ihame ryumuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga wibyuma hamwe numuvuduko muke wumuyaga wibyuma bya lanthanum, kuvanga no gutobora okiside yiyi si enye zidasanzwe hamwe n imyanda yibyuma bya lanthanum, ukabigabanya mu itanura rya Vacuum.. Lanthanumni Bikora.Samarium, europium, ytterbium, na thuliumbigabanywa na lanthanum muri zahabu igakusanyirizwa kuri kondenseri, byoroshye gutandukana na slag.

笔记