Amavuta ya magnesium afite ibiranga uburemere bworoshye, gukomera gukomeye, kugabanuka cyane, guhindagurika no kugabanya urusaku, kurwanya imishwarara ya electromagnetique, nta mwanda uhari mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutunganya, nibindi, kandi umutungo wa magnesium ni mwinshi, ushobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere kurambye. Kubwibyo, magnesium alloy izwi nk "ibikoresho byubaka nicyatsi kibisi mu kinyejana cya 21". Irerekana ko mu gihe cy’uburemere bworoshye, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya mu nganda zikora inganda mu kinyejana cya 21, Icyerekezo cyerekana ko magnesium alloy izagira uruhare runini kandi byerekana ko imiterere y’inganda z’ibikoresho by’ibyuma ku isi harimo n’Ubushinwa bizahinduka. Nyamara, ibinini bya magnesium gakondo bifite intege nke zimwe na zimwe, nka okiside yoroshye no gutwikwa, nta kurwanya ruswa, kutagira ubushyuhe buke bwo mu kirere hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru.
Imyitozo n'imikorere byerekana ko isi idasanzwe ari ikintu cyiza cyane, gifatika kandi cyizeza imbaraga zo gutsinda izo ntege nke. Niyo mpamvu, bifite akamaro kanini gukoresha Ubushinwa bwinshi bwa magnesium nubutunzi budasanzwe bwubutaka, kubuteza imbere no kubikoresha mubuhanga, no guteza imbere urukurikirane rwimisemburo idasanzwe ya magnesium yisi ifite imiterere yubushinwa, kandi ugahindura ibyiza byumutungo mubyiza byikoranabuhanga nibyiza byubukungu.
Gushyira mu bikorwa igitekerezo cy’iterambere ry’ubumenyi, gufata inzira y’iterambere rirambye, kwitoza kuzigama umutungo no kubungabunga ibidukikije umuhanda mushya w’inganda, no gutanga urumuri ruto, ruteye imbere kandi ruhendutse cyane rwa magnesium alloy alloy ibikoresho bifasha mu ndege, mu kirere, mu bwikorezi, inganda “Inganda eshatu C” n’inganda zose zikora inganda zahindutse ahantu hashyushye kandi imirimo y'ingenzi yo kwagura ibikorwa hamwe no guteza imbere ingufu zikoreshwa mu iterambere ndetse no mu iterambere ryihuse kandi rikaba ryarateganijwe kugera ku ntera ishimishije kandi igahinduka ku iterambere ryihuse kandi rikaba ryaratewe imbere. magnesium.
Mu 1808, Humphrey Davey yagabanije mercure na magnesium kuva amalgam ku nshuro ya mbere, naho mu 1852 Bunsen electrolyzed magnesium ikomoka kuri magnesium chloride bwa mbere. Kuva icyo gihe, magnesium hamwe nuruvange rwayo byabaye kumateka nkibikoresho bishya. Magnesium n'ibiyikomokaho byatewe no gusimbuka mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Nyamara, kubera imbaraga nke za magnesium yera, Biragoye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka mubikorwa byinganda. Bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kunoza imbaraga z'icyuma cya magnesium ni ukuvanga, ni ukuvuga, kongeramo ubundi bwoko bw'ibintu bivangavanze kugira ngo imbaraga z'icyuma cya magnesium zinyuze mu gisubizo gikomeye, imvura igwa, gutunganya ingano no gukwirakwiza imbaraga, kugira ngo ishobore kuzuza ibisabwa ahantu runaka hakorerwa.
Nibintu nyamukuru bivanga mubutaka budasanzwe bwa magnesium, kandi ibyinshi mubitera imbere byihanganira ubushyuhe bwa magnesium birimo ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka. Ntibisanzwe isi ya magnesium ivanze ifite ibiranga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi. Nyamara, mubushakashatsi bwambere bwa magnesium alloy, isi idasanzwe ikoreshwa gusa mubikoresho byihariye kubera igiciro cyayo kinini. Ntibisanzwe isi ya magnesium ikoreshwa cyane mubisirikare no mu kirere.Nyamara, hamwe niterambere ry’ubukungu bw’imibereho, hasabwa byinshi bisabwa kugira ngo hakorwe ingufu za magnesium, kandi hamwe n’igabanuka ry’igiciro cy’ubutaka budasanzwe, isi idasanzwe ya magnesium yagutse cyane mu rwego rwa gisirikare n’imbonezamubano nko mu kirere, misile, imodoka, itumanaho rya elegitoronike, ibikoresho n'ibindi. Muri rusange, iterambere ryisi ya magnesium idasanzwe irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bine:
Icyiciro cya mbere: Mu 1930, byagaragaye ko kongeramo ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka kuri Mg-Al alloy bishobora kuzamura imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa alloy.
Icyiciro cya kabiri: Mu 1947, Sauerwarld yavumbuye ko kongera Zr kuri Mg-RE bivanze bishobora gutunganya neza ibinyampeke. Ubu buvumbuzi bwakemuye ikibazo cyikoranabuhanga cyumubumbe wa magnesium udasanzwe, kandi rwose cyashizeho urufatiro rwubushakashatsi nogukoresha ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwa magnesium yisi.
Icyiciro cya gatatu: Mu 1979, Drits nabandi basanze kongeramo Y byagize ingaruka nziza kuri magnesium alloy, kikaba ari ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyavumbuwe mugutezimbere isi idasanzwe ya magnesium. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, urukurikirane rwubwoko bwa WE buvanze hamwe nubushyuhe nimbaraga nyinshi byatejwe imbere. Muri byo, imbaraga zingana, imbaraga z'umunaniro hamwe no guhangana na WE54 alloy iragereranywa n'iyitwa aluminiyumu ivanze n'ubushyuhe bwo mucyumba n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Icyiciro cya kane: Bivuga cyane cyane ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Mg-HRE (isi iremereye cyane) kuva mu myaka ya za 90 kugira ngo haboneke amavuta ya magnesium akora neza kandi ahuze ibikenewe mu buhanga buhanitse. Kubintu biremereye bidasanzwe byisi, usibye Eu na Yb, imbaraga zikomeye zo gukomera muri magnesium ni 10% ~ 28%, kandi ntarengwa ishobora kugera kuri 41%. Ugereranije nubutaka budasanzwe bwisi, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka bifite imbaraga zikomeye cyane.Ikindi kandi, gukomera gukomeye kugabanuka vuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bufite ingaruka nziza zumuti ukomeye ushimangira no gukomera kwimvura.
Hariho isoko rinini ryo gukoresha amavuta ya magnesium, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kongera ubukene bwumutungo wibyuma nkicyuma, aluminium na muringa kwisi, ibyiza byumutungo nibyiza bya magnesium bizashyirwa mubikorwa byuzuye, kandi amavuta ya magnesium azahinduka ibikoresho byubwubatsi byihuta cyane. Guhangana niterambere ryihuse ryibikoresho bya magnesium kwisi, Ubushinwa, nkumusaruro ukomeye nogutumiza umutungo wa magnesium, Ni ngombwa cyane cyane gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwimbitse no guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya magnesium. Ariko, kuri ubu, umusaruro muke wibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya magnesium bivanze, kutarwanya umuvuduko ukabije, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ruswa biracyari inzitizi zibuza ikoreshwa ryinshi rya magnesium.
Ntibisanzwe isi ifite imiterere ya elegitoroniki idasanzwe. Kubwibyo, nkibintu byingenzi bivangavanze, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka bigira uruhare rwihariye mubyuma bya metallurgie hamwe nibikoresho, nko kweza ibishishwa byashongeshejwe, gutunganya imiterere yimyunyu ngugu, kunoza imiterere yimashini hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, nibindi nkibintu bivangavanze cyangwa ibintu bivanga mikorobe, Ubutaka budasanzwe bwakoreshejwe cyane mubyuma bidafite ibyuma. Mu rwego rwa magnesium alloy, cyane cyane mubijyanye na magnesium irwanya ubushyuhe, ibintu bitangaje byo kweza no gushimangira isi idasanzwe abantu bamenyekana buhoro buhoro. Ubutaka budasanzwe bufatwa nkibintu bivangavanze bifite agaciro gakomeye hamwe nubushobozi bwiterambere ryiterambere muri magnesium irwanya ubushyuhe, kandi uruhare rwayo ntirushobora gusimburwa nibindi bintu bivanga.
Mu myaka yashize, abashakashatsi mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bakoze ubufatanye bwimbitse, bakoresheje magnesium n’umutungo w’ubutaka udasanzwe kugira ngo bige kuri gahunda ya aliyumu ya magnesium irimo isi idasanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bwa Changchun, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa ryiyemeje gushakisha no guteza imbere ibinyabuzima bishya bidasanzwe bya magnesium bivangwa n’igiciro gito kandi bikora neza, kandi byageze ku bisubizo bimwe na bimwe. Guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magnesium.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022