Ntibisanzwe isi, intambwe ikomeye!

Iterambere rikomeye mubutaka budasanzwe.
Nk’uko amakuru aheruka kubigaragaza, ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’ubutaka bw’Ubushinwa buyobowe na Minisiteri y’umutungo Kamere w’Ubushinwa bwavumbuye ikirombe kinini cyane cya ion-adsorption kidasanzwe cy’ubutaka mu gace ka Honghe mu Ntara ya Yunnan, gifite ubushobozi bwa toni miliyoni 1.15. Iyi ni iyindi ntera ikomeye mu Bushinwa bwa ion-adsorption idasanzwe ku isi kuva havumburwa bwa mbere ion-adsorptionisi idasanzweibirombe muri Jiangxi mu 1969, bikaba biteganijwe ko bizaba Ubushinwa bunini cyane kandi bubi cyane.

Hagati kandi iremereyeisi idasanzwebifite agaciro kuruta isi idasanzwe yoroheje kubera agaciro kayo nububiko buto. Nibikorwa byingenzi byamabuye y'agaciro hamwe nurwego runini rwibisabwa. Nibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ingufu nshya, umutekano wingabo zigihugu, nibindi, kandi nibyuma byingenzi bigamije iterambere ryinganda zikoranabuhanga.
Isesengura ry’inzego ryemeza ko ku ruhande rw’ibisabwa, uruhande rusabwa rw’uruganda rudasanzwe rw’inganda ruteganijwe kuzamuka mu gihe cy’imodoka nyinshi z’ingufu nshya, ingufu z'umuyaga, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, imashini zikoresha inganda, n'ibindi.ibiciro bidasanzwe byisi, itangwa n'ibisabwa bikomeje gutera imbere, naisi idasanzwe industry irashobora guteganijwe gutangira umwaka munini wo gukura muri 2025.

Iterambere rikomeye

Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Paper kibitangaza ngo ku ya 17 Mutarama, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minisiteri y’umutungo kamere mu Bushinwa bwamenye ko iryo shami ryavumbuye ikirombe kinini cyane cya ion-adsorption kidasanzwe cy’ubutaka mu gace ka Honghe mu Ntara ya Yunnan, gifite umutungo wa toni miliyoni 1.15.
Umubare wuzuye wibintu bidasanzwe byisi nkapraseodymium, neodymium, dysprosium, naterbiumukize mububiko burenga toni 470.000.
Iyi ni iyindi ntera ikomeye mu Bushinwa ion-adsorption idasanzwe ku isi nyuma yo kuvumbura bwa mbere amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe ya ion-adsorption i Jiangxi mu 1969, bikaba biteganijwe ko azahinduka ubutaka bunini cyane mu Bushinwa bubitse kandi buremereye cyane.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko ubu buvumbuzi bufite akamaro kanini mu gushimangira ibyiza by’ubutaka bw’Ubushinwa no guteza imbere urwego rw’inganda zidasanzwe, kandi bizarushaho gushimangira inyungu z’ubushinwa mu bijyanye n’ibiciriritse n’ibiremereyeisi idasanzweibikoresho.
Ibirombe bya ion-adsorption bidasanzwe byavumbuwe muriki gihe ahanini ni ibimina bito kandi biremereye cyane. Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku butaka bworoshye bw’ubutaka, bukwirakwizwa cyane muri Baiyunebo, Mongoliya Yimbere na Yaoniuping, Sichuan, n’ibindi, ariko ubutunzi bw’ubutaka buciriritse kandi buremereye ni buke kandi bufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kubukoresha. Nibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ingufu nshya, umutekano wingabo zigihugu, nibindi, kandi nibyuma byingenzi bigamije iterambere ryinganda zikoranabuhanga.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Jewoloji mu Bushinwa bwahujije ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Binyuze mu myaka irenga 10 y'akazi, yashyizeho umuyoboro ngenderwaho wa geochemiki y'igihugu, ibona amakuru menshi ya geochemiki, kandi itera intambwe ishimishije mugushakisha inyigisho hamwe nubuhanga bwubushakashatsi, byuzuza icyuho cyubuhanga bwubushakashatsi bwa geochemiki ya ion adsorptionisi idasanzweibirombe, kandi yashyizeho uburyo bwihuse, bwuzuye, n’icyatsi cy’ubushakashatsi bw’icyatsi, kikaba gifite akamaro gakomeye ku Bushinwa mu tundi turere two hagati kandi turemereye cyane dukungahaye ku isi kugira ngo tugere ku iterambere ryihuse mu bushakashatsi.

Ubusobanuro bwibikorwa byubutaka buciriritse kandi buremereye

Ubutaka budasanzwe bivuga ijambo rusange kubintu nkalanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium,samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, nayttrium.
Ukurikije imiterere ya elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike n'imiterere ya fiziki na chimique yibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka, kimwe na symbiose yabyo mumabuye y'agaciro hamwe nibiranga imitungo itandukanye ikorwa na ion radii zitandukanye, ibintu cumi na birindwi bidasanzwe byubutaka birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: isi idasanzwe yumucyo nubutaka hamwe naisi idasanzwe. Ubutaka buciriritse kandi buremereye cyane bufite agaciro kuruta isi idasanzwe yoroheje kubera agaciro kayo nububiko buto.
Muri byo, isi iremereye cyane ni ubutare bufite akamaro kanini mu ngamba zifatika, ariko ubwoko bwamabuye yubutaka bw’ubutaka budasanzwe ni bumwe, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa ion adsorption, kandi ibibazo by’ibidukikije mu bucukuzi bwabwo (mu gutembera) biragaragara, bityo ugashaka ubwoko bushya bw’uburemereisi idasanzwekubitsa nubushakashatsi bwingenzi bwubumenyi.
igihugu cyanjye nicyo gihugu gifite ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi ndetse n’igihugu gifite ubucukuzi bw’ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima muri Amerika (USGS) ivuga ko Ubushinwaisi idasanzweumusaruro mu 2023 uzagera kuri toni 240.000, bingana na bibiri bya gatatu by'isi yose, kandi ibigega byayo bizagera kuri toni miliyoni 44, bingana na 40% by'isi yose. Raporo yerekana kandi ko Ubushinwa butanga 98% bya gallium ku isi na 60% bya germanium ku isi; kuva 2019 kugeza 2022, 63% byamabuye ya antimoni na oxyde yayo yatumijwe muri Amerika byaturutse mubushinwa.
Muri byo, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho nibyingenzi kandi byizewe cyane kumurongo wo hasi wubutaka budasanzwe. Ikintu gikoreshwa cyane mubutaka budasanzwe bwa magneti ni neodymium fer boron ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, bifite ibintu byiza nkuburemere bworoshye, ubunini buto, ingufu za magneti nyinshi, ibikoresho byiza bya mashini, gutunganya neza, umusaruro mwinshi, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo guterana. Imikorere ya neodymium ikora cyane ya boron ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri turbine zumuyaga, kuzigama ingufu zoguhindura imashanyarazi, kuzamura ingufu, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, robot yinganda, nibindi.
Ukurikije isesengura, kuruhande rwibisabwa, uruhande rusabwa rwaisi idasanzweUruganda ruteganijwe kuzamuka munsi ya catalizike nyinshi nkibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ingufu zumuyaga, ibikoresho byo murugo, hamwe na robo yinganda.
By'umwihariko, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’igurisha ry’imodoka nshya n’ingufu zikomeje kwiyongera mu kwinjira, icyifuzo cya moteri zitwara abagenzi zihagarariwe na moteri ihoraho, kimwe mu bigize ibice by’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, bizaterwa imbaraga, bityo bigatuma ubwiyongere bukenerwa n’ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho. Imashini za robo za Humanoid zahindutse inzira nshya yiterambere, biteganijwe ko izakomeza gufungura umwanya muremure witerambere ryigihe kirekire kubikoresho bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho. Byongeye kandi, usibye gukomeza kwiyongera kw'ibikenerwa ku binyabiziga bishya by'ingufu na robo zo mu nganda, biteganijwe ko ibisabwa mu nganda zikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga bizatera imbere mu 2025.

Nigute ushobora kureba uko isoko ryifashe

Isesengura ry'inzego ryizera ko hamwe no kuva hanzeibiciro bidasanzwe byisihamwe no gukomeza kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga no gukenera, inganda zidasanzwe zisi zishobora kuba ziteganijwe gutangira umwaka munini witerambere muri 2025.
Guotai Junan Securities yerekanye ko uko ibipimo by’isi bidasanzwe by’imbere mu gihugu biva mu cyiciro gikomeye cyo kurekura ibicuruzwa bikagera ku buryo bwo kugabanya amasoko, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi muri gahunda z’amahanga ariko bidindiza iterambere nyaryo, imikorere y’imbogamizi ku mpande zatangiye kwigaragaza. Icyifuzo cy’imodoka nshya n’ingufu z’umuyaga gikomeje kwiyongera, kandi icyifuzo cyo kuvugurura ibikoresho bya moteri y’inganda cyazamuye neza icyifuzo cy’ibisabwa kuva mu 2025 kugeza mu 2026, gishobora gufata ingufu nshya kandi kikaba isoko y’ingenzi yo kuzamuka kw’ubutaka budasanzwe; hamwe no kwagura ibintu byakoreshwa kuri robo, 2025 irashobora kongera gutangira umwaka munini kugirango ikure ryibintu bidasanzwe bya rukuruzi.
Guojin Securities yavuze ko kuva mu 2024, ibiciro by'isi bidasanzwe byagabanutse. Mu rwego rwo gushimangira ku buryo bugaragara ibyifuzo bitangwa no kunoza ibyifuzo ndetse no gusesengura politiki ya “ivugurura ry’ibicuruzwa”, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byazamutse hafi 20% bivuye hasi, kandi ikigo cy’ibiciro cy’uburemere cyazamutse buhoro buhoro; amabwiriza adasanzwe yo gucunga isi yashyizwe mu bikorwa kuva ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2024 kugira ngo agabanye itangwa, kandi igihembwe cy’ibihembwe mu gihembwe cya kane kiruzuzwa buhoro buhoro. Ufatanije nu kuzamuka kwizamuka ryibiciro byinganda kugabanuka no guhungabana kenshi,ibiciro bidasanzwe byisikomeza uzamuke, kandi ububiko bujyanye nibitekerezo bizatanga amahirwe yo kugabanuka no kuvugurura agaciro muri politiki ya "ivugurura ry’ibicuruzwa".
Vuba aha, Baosteel Co., Ltd., igihangange kidasanzwe ku isi, yasohoye itangazo rivuga ko ukurikije formulaire yo kubara nigiciro cyisoko ryaisi idasanzwemu gihembwe cya kane cya 2024, isosiyete irateganya guhindura igiciro cy’ibikorwa bifitanye isano n’ubutaka budasanzwe bwibanze mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025 ikagera kuri 18.618 yuan / toni (uburemere bwumye, REO = 50%) ukuyemo umusoro, kandi igiciro ukuyemo umusoro kiziyongera cyangwa kigabanuke kuri 372.36 yuan / toni kuri buri 1% kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka muri REO. Ugereranije nubutaka budasanzwe bwibiciro byibicuruzwa bingana na 17.782 yu / toni mugihembwe cya kane 2024, cyiyongereyeho 836 yuan / toni, ukwezi-ukwezi kwiyongera 4.7%.
Nyuma y’uko gahunda y’isi idasanzwe yo mu majyaruguru ihagaritse igiciro cy’urutonde, ihinduka ry’igihembwe kidasanzwe cy’ubutaka kijyanye n’ibiciro by’ubucuruzi hamwe na Baosteel byabaye ikirere cy’inganda. Ding Shitao wo muri Guolian Securities atangaza ko uburyo bwo gutanga no gukenera biteganijwe ko buzakomeza gutera imbere kuva mu 2025 kugeza mu 2026, kandi ko afite icyizere cyo kwemeza ko munsi y’ubutaka budasanzwe mu 2024, kandi biteganijwe ko isi idasanzwe izahindura uruziga rushya mu 2025.
CITIC Securities yizera kandi ko isi idasanzwe iteganijwe ko izatangira kwiyongera mu gice cya kabiri cya 2025, kandi biteganijwe ko imirima igaragara nka AI na robo bizakomeza gukora.