Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950, Abashinwaisi idasanzweabakozi ba siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga bakoze ubushakashatsi niterambere byinshi kuburyo bwo gukuramo ibishishwa byo gutandukanaisi idasanzweibintu, kandi byageze kubisubizo byinshi byubushakashatsi, byakoreshejwe cyane mubikorwa bidasanzwe byinganda. Mu 1970, N263 yakoreshejwe neza mu nganda gukuramo no gutandukanaYttriumhamwe nuburinganire bwa 99,99%, gusimbuza uburyo bwo guhana ion yo gutandukanaYttrium. Igiciro cyari munsi yicumi cyuburyo bwo guhana ion; Mu 1970, gukuramo P204 byakoreshejwe aho gukoresha uburyo bwa kera bwo kongera gukora kugirango bitange urumuriisi idasanzwe; Gukuramookisideukoresheje methyl dimethyl heptyl ester (P350) aho gukoresha uburyo bwa kasitori ya kristu; Mu myaka ya za 70, inzira yo gukuramo ammonia P507 no gutandukanaisi idasanzweibice hamwe no gukuramoyttriumhamwe na acide nafthenique yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Bushinwaisi idasanzweinganda za hydrometallurgie; Iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo mubushinwaisi idasanzweinganda ntaho zitandukaniye nakazi gakomeye ka Yuan Chengye hamwe nabandi basangirangendo bo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa ry’Ubushinwa Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry. Ibikuramo bitandukanye (nka P204, P350, P507, nibindi) bakoze ubushakashatsi neza byakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda; Igitekerezo cyo gukuramo caskade cyatanzwe kandi gitezwa imbere na Porofeseri Xu Guangxian wo muri kaminuza ya Peking mu myaka ya za 70 cyagize uruhare runini mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura no gutandukanya Ubushinwa. Icyarimwe, inzira yo gutandukana yatunganijwe neza hifashishijwe igitekerezo cyo gukuramo caskade yatanzwe kandi ikoreshwa cyane muriisi idasanzweinganda zo gukuramo no gutandukana.
Mu myaka 40 ishize, Ubushinwa bwageze ku bikorwa byinshi bitangaje mu rwego rwaisi idasanzwegutandukana no kwezwa.
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals Institute cyize neza uburyo bwo kugabanya ifu ya zinc uburyo bwo kugabanya alkalinity kugirango butange ubuziranenge bwinshieuropium oxyde, bwari bwo bwa mbere mu Bushinwa butanga ibicuruzwa birenga 99,99%. Ubu buryo buracyakoreshwa muburyo butandukanyeisi idasanzwemu gihugu cyose gikoreshwa n'uruganda; Uruganda rukora imiti rwa Shanghai Yuelong, kaminuza ya Fudan, n’ishuri rikuru rya Beijing ry’ubutare butagira amabara bafatanyije mu kubanza gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvanaho ion yo gukuramo N263 hamwe na P204 no kuyikuramo no kweza kugira ngo babone ubwiza bwa 99,95%.Yttrium. Mu 1970, P204 yakoreshejwe mu gutunganya N263 no kubonaYttriumhamwe nubuziranenge burenga 99,99% binyuze mu gukuramo kabiri no kwezwa.
Kuva mu 1967 kugeza 1968, uruganda rwubushakashatsi bwuruganda rwa Jiangxi 801 hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research rwakoranye kugira ngo bige neza uburyo bwo gukoresha amatsinda yo gukuramo P204 - N263 yo gukuramo okiside yttrium. Ukuboza 1968, toni 3 / umwaka yYttriumamahugurwa yumusaruro yubatswe, afite isuku ya 99% yaYttrium.
Mu 1972, hashyizweho itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi n’amasosiyete ane, harimo n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals, Uruganda rwa Jiangxi 806, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Jiangxi Nonferrous Metallurgy, n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Changsha Nonferrous Metallurgy. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri yubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, inzira yo kuyikuramoYttriumgukoresha acide naphthenic nkibikuramo kandi bivanze n'inzoga nka diluent byizwe neza.
Mu 1974, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry yavumbuye bwa mbere ko iyo gutandukanaisi idasanzweibintu ukoresheje acide ya naphthenic,yttriumyari imberelanthanum, kuyikora byibuze byoroshye gukururwa mubintu bidasanzwe byisi. Kubwibyo, tekinoroji yo gutandukanaYttriumhakoreshejwe aside ya naphthenique ivuye muri sisitemu ya acide nitric. Muri icyo gihe, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals cyakoze ubushakashatsi ku gutandukana kwaYttriumbiva muri sisitemu ya hydrochloric ukoresheje acide naphthenic, kandi ubushakashatsi bwagutse bwakorewe mu ruganda rwa Nanchang 603 n’uruganda rwa Jiujiang 806 mu 1975, hakoreshejwe Longnan ivanzeisi idasanzwenk'ibikoresho fatizo. Mu 1974, uruganda rukora imiti rwa Shanghai Yuelong, kaminuza ya Fudan, n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research bafatanyije kwiga gutandukanyaYttriume kuva monazite Kuvangaisi idasanzweyijimyeyttriumubutare bwa columbium bukoresha uburemereisi idasanzweyakuweho kandi ashyizwe hamwe na P204 nkibikoresho fatizo, naYttriume itandukanijwe no gukuramo aside naphthenic. Amarushanwa yubucuti yaberaga kumpande eshatu, aho buriwese yungurana ibitekerezo, yigira kumbaraga n'intege nke za mugenzi we, hanyuma amaherezo yiga neza gukuramo acide naftenic acide no gutandukana kwa 99,99%Yttriume hamwe n'ibiranga Ubushinwa.
Kuva mu 1974 kugeza 1975, Uruganda rwa Nanchang 603 rwakoranye n’ikigo cya Changchun Institute of Appistry Chemistry, Ishuri Rikuru rya Beijing ry’Ubutare butagira fer, Ikigo cya Jiangxi cya Non Metrous Metallurgie, n’ibindi bice kugira ngo bige neza igisekuru cya gatatuYttriume uburyo bwo kuvoma - acide naphthenic intambwe imwe yo gukuramo no gukuramo ubuziranenge bwinshiYttriume. Inzira yatangijwe mu 1976.
Ku Gihugu cya mbereNtibisanzwe IsiInama yo kuvoma yabereye i Baotou mu 1976, Bwana Xu Guangxian yatanze igitekerezo cyo gukuramo kaskade. Mu 1977, “Inama nyunguranabitekerezo kuNtibisanzwe IsiExtraction Cascade Theory and Pratique "yabereye mu ruganda rukora imiti rwa Shanghai Yuelong, rutanga uburyo bwuzuye kandi bwuzuye kuri iki gitekerezo. Nyuma, igitekerezo cyo gukuramo caskade cyakoreshejwe cyane mubushakashatsi no kubyara umusaruro udasanzwe wo gukuramo isi no kwezwa.
Mu 1976, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’i Beijing cyifashishije ubutare bwa Baotou buvanzeisi idasanzwegukuramoceriumuhereye ku bikoresho bikungahaye. Uburyo bwo gukuramo N263 bwakoreshejwe gutandukanyalanthanum praseodymium neodymium. Ibicuruzwa bitatu byatandukanijwe mugukuramo kimwe, nubuziranenge bwaokiside, praseodymium oxyde, naokiside neodymiumyari hafi 90%.
Kuva 1979 kugeza 1983, BaotouNtibisanzwe IsiIkigo cyubushakashatsi hamwe na Beijing Nonferrous Metals Institute Institute yakoze sisitemu ya hydrochloric P507isi idasanzwegukuramo gutandukanya inzira ukoresheje Baotou ubutare budasanzwe nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango ubone bitandatuisi idasanzweibicuruzwa (ubuziranenge 99% kugeza 99,95%) byalanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, nagadolinium, Nka Nkaeuropiumnaterbiumibicuruzwa bikungahaye. Inzira yari ngufi, ikomeza, kandi ibicuruzwa byera byari byinshi.
Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’i Beijing cyakoranye na Jiujiang Nonferrous Metals Smelter, Ikigo cya Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, n’uruganda rwa Jiangxi 603 kugira ngo gikore ubushakashatsi bw’igihugu “Gahunda y’imyaka itandatu” kandi cyateje imbere ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwo gutandukanya burundu imweisi idasanzweibintu biva muri Longnan bivanzeisi idasanzweukoresheje sisitemu ya hydrochloric ya P507.
Mu 1983, Jiujiang Nonferrous Metals Smelter yakoresheje tekinoroji yuburyo bwa Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute "sisitemu ya naphthenic aside hydrochloric aside kugirango itange urugero rwa fluorescentYttriumkuva Longnan ivanze isi idasanzwe "kugirango itange urwego rwa fluorescentYttrium, kugabanya ikiguzi cyaYttriumno kuzuza ibisabwaYttriumkuri tereviziyo y'amabara mu Bushinwa.
Mu 1984, Ishuri Rikuru rya Beijing ryitwa Non ferrous Metals ryize neza gutandukanya ubuziranenge-bwinshiokisideukoresheje P507 yo gukuramo resin ukoreshejeterbiumibintu bikungahaye nkibikoresho fatizo mubushinwa.
Mu 1985, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals Institute cyimuye icyiciro cya feri ya fluorescent yo gukuramo asideYttriumgutunganya ikoranabuhanga ryahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage kuri miliyoni 1.71 z'amafaranga y'u Busuwisi, akaba ari yo ya mbereisi idasanzwetekinoroji yo gutandukana yoherezwa mubushinwa.
Kuva 1984 kugeza 1986, kaminuza ya Peking yarangije ubushakashatsi bwinganda kubijyanye no gukuramo no gutandukanya La / CePr / Nd na La / Ce / Pr muri sisitemu ya P507-HCl kuri GatatuNtibisanzwe IsiIgiterwa cya Baosteel. Kurenga 98%praseodymium oxyde, 99.5%okiside, hejuru ya 85%cerium oxyde, na 99%okiside neodymiumbyabonetse. Mu 1986, Uruganda rukora imiti rwa Shanghai Yuelong rwakoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya uburyo bwo kuvoma ibicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba ari ibyagezweho mu nyigisho za kaminuza ya Peking yo gukuramo caskade, kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi butatu bw’inganda muri sisitemu nshya yubatswe P507-HCl yoroheje itandukanya isi. Igipimo cyikigereranyo cyinganda cyaguye mu buryo butaziguye igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukuramo kaskade kugera kuri toni 100, bigabanya cyane uruziga rwo gukoresha inzira nshya mu musaruro.
Kuva mu 1986 kugeza 1989, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isi cya Baotou Rare, Uruganda rwa Jiangxi 603, n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubushakashatsi bw’i Beijing cyashyizeho uburyo bwa P507-HCl bwo kuvoma ibintu byinshi, butanga icyarimwe icyarimwe ibicuruzwa biva mu butaka 3-5 bidasanzwe binyuze mu gukuramo igice. Inzira ni ngufi, ihendutse, kandi iroroshye.
Kuva 1990 kugeza 1995, Pekin Ikigo Cyubushakashatsi Cyubushakashatsi bwa Baijing na BaotouNtibisanzwe IsiIkigo cy’ubushakashatsi cyafatanyijemo gukora umushinga w’igihugu “Umunani wa gatanu w’imyaka umunani” umushinga w’ubushakashatsi n’ubuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga “Ubushakashatsi ku Buziranenge BweraNtibisanzwe IsiIkoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo ”. Cumi na batandatuisi idasanzweibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge burenze 99,999% kugeza kuri 99,9999% byateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvoma, uburyo bwo kuvoma chromatografiya, uburyo bwa redox, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhana fibre chromatografiya. Iyi gahunda igeze ku rwego mpuzamahanga kandi yatsindiye igihembo cy’igihugu “Umunani wa gatanu w’imyaka itanu” Igihembo gikomeye cyagezweho.
Mu 2000, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing Nonferrous Metals Institute cyateje imbere uburyo bwo kugabanya amashanyarazi ya electrolytike kugirango hategurwe ubuziranenge bwinshieuropium oxyde. Kubera kwirinda kwanduza ifu ya zinc ku bicuruzwa, iyi nzira irashobora gukuramoeuropium oxydehamwe nubuziranenge bwa 5N-6N mugihe kimwe. Muri 2001, umurongo wumusaruro wa buri mwaka wa toni 18 zubuziranengeeuropium oxydeyubatswe i GansuNtibisanzwe IsiIsosiyete kandi itangira gukoreshwa muri uwo mwaka.
Muri make, Ubushinwaisi idasanzwegutandukana no kweza tekinoroji birashobora kuvugwa ko biza ku isonga kwisi, nko gukuramo aside naphthenicYttriumbinini kuruta 5N, P507 uburyo bwo kuvomaokisidebinini kurenza 5N, uburyo bwo gukuramo electrolytike uburyo bwo gukuramo cyangwa uburyo bwa alkalinity bwo guteguraeuropium oxydebinini kurenza 5N, nibindi.isi idasanzweibicuruzwa. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kurushaho kunoza urwego rwibikoresho byinganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2023