Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukora igihugu gikomeye no kwihutisha iterambere ry’ibikoresho bishya, Leta yashyizeho itsinda riyobora iterambere ry’inganda nshya. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura, Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, na Minisiteri y’Imari bafatanyije hamwe igitabo cyerekeye iterambere ry’inganda nshya, cyatangije igihe gishya cy’iterambere ry’iterambere. Guhura n'amahirwe mashya, Nkibikoresho byihariye bikora, uburyo bwo gukurikirana iterambere ryibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi, umwanditsi asobanura mu buryo burambuye ibisobanuro shingiro nibiranga "imikorere idasanzwe yisi +", niki nuburyo "+" imikorere yisi idasanzwe, nibindi.
Ibikoresho bishya bivuga ibikoresho bishya bifite imikorere myiza cyangwa imikorere idasanzwe, cyangwa ibikoresho bifite imikorere inoze cyangwa imirimo mishya nyuma yibikoresho gakondo byanonosowe. Ibikoresho bidakunze kubaho ku isi bifite imirimo yihariye nka magnetisme, urumuri, amashanyarazi, catalizike no kubika hydrogène, kandi birashobora kongerwa ku bikoresho gakondo nk'ibyuma, aluminium, magnesium, ibirahuri na ceramika kugira ngo bitezimbere imikorere cyangwa bitange ibikoresho bishya. Inganda zidasanzwe ku isi zigomba gukoresha amahirwe mashya y’iterambere ry’amateka, zigahura n’ibibazo bishya kandi zikanashyira mu bikorwa icyerekezo gikomeye cy’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati hamwe n'isi idasanzwe mu Bushinwa, ku buryo tugomba gukora akazi keza mu bibazo bidasanzwe by'isi kandi tugatanga uruhare runini ku byiza by'isi idasanzwe mu Bushinwa ”, kugira ngo indabyo z'imirimo idasanzwe y'isi zishobore kumera. Kora igikorwa cya“ isi idasanzwe + ”imbaraga nshya za kinetic mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu.
Icya mbere, ibintu by'ibanze biranga isi idasanzwe.
Isi idasanzwe izwi nka "mukundwa" y'ibikoresho bishya bikora mu kinyejana cya 21. Kubera imirimo yihariye nka physics, electrochemistry, magnetism, urumuri n'amashanyarazi, yarakoreshejwe cyane. Isi idasanzwe ifite ibyiza byo gutanga amasoko make, ubushobozi bunini bwisoko ryisi yose, urwego rwo hasi rwo gusimbuza imikorere hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi bya gisirikare byo kurinda igihugu. Hamwe niterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kuzigama ingufu n’ibidukikije, Kwishingikiriza kuri sosiyete igezweho ku bikoresho bidasanzwe bikoreshwa ku isi biriyongera, kandi byakoreshejwe mu bukungu bw’igihugu na siyansi igezweho. Ubutaka budasanzwe bwashyizwe ku rutonde nkibikoresho by’ibihugu byinshi. Mu mwaka wa 2006, mu bintu 35 byifashishijwe mu buhanga buhanitse byatangajwe na Minisiteri y’ingabo z’Amerika, ubwoko 16 bw’ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka usibye promethium (ibihimbano byakozwe mu buryo bwa artile na radioaktiw), bingana na 45.7% by’ibikoresho byose byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Mu bintu 26 by’ubuhanga buhanitse byatoranijwe n’ishami ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Buyapani, harimo 16 ku isi bidasanzwe, bingana na 61.5%. Ibihugu kwisi yose birakora cyane ubushakashatsi kubijyanye nubuhanga bwogukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi, kandi hariho intambwe nshya mugukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka mumyaka hafi 3 ~ 5.
Ingamba zubutaka budasanzwe bugaragarira cyane cyane mubikorwa byubutaka budasanzwe, kandi ibikoresho nibikorwa nibikorwa bigomba guhuzwa cyane. Nigute ushobora guteza imbere siyanse no gukoresha neza imirimo yo gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka byahindutse ubutumwa bwingenzi bwabakozi ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ku isi. Mbere ya byose, birakenewe ko tumenya ibintu bitatu by’ibanze biranga isi idasanzwe, aribyo “imitungo itatu”: Ingamba z’umutungo, imikorere y’ibintu no kwagura ibikorwa by’imikorere; icya kabiri ni ugusobanukirwa no gusobanukirwa amategeko shingiro y’iterambere ry’imikorere no kuyashyira mu bikorwa.
Ibibazo byingamba kubutaka budasanzwe.Isi idasanzwe ni umutungo udasubirwaho. Isi idasanzwe nizina rusange ryibintu 17. Amabuye y'agaciro akwirakwizwa cyane muri kamere, kandi ikwirakwizwa ry'ibintu riratandukanye. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kurushaho gushimangira imicungire yubumenyi yumutungo wubutaka udasanzwe, Irashobora kugabanywa hafi mubikorwa byingenzi, bikomeye kandi muri rusange, kandi bigashyirwa mubumenyi bwa siyansi ukurikije ibintu, ubwoko butandukanye nibikorwa, kugirango habeho umwuka mwiza wamasoko ufasha kugabana neza umutungo wubutaka budasanzwe kumasoko, no kumenya ubumwe kama bwiterambere ryiterambere no gukoresha neza umutungo wubutaka budasanzwe.
Ku mikorere yibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka. Umusaruro wibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi bigomba gutunganywa. Ihuriro ry'umusaruro wubutaka budasanzwe nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, gutandukanya gushonga no gushonga ibyuma ahanini ni inzira yo gukora ibikoresho fatizo. Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru nibicuruzwa byibanze nka okiside yisi idasanzwe, chloride, ubutare budasanzwe bwisi hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe bwibintu bimwe, bitaragaragaza imikorere yibintu byabyo, Ariko bifite uruhare runini mubikoresho bikora nyuma yo gutunganywa byimbitse.Niyo mpamvu, kugirango iterambere ryibikorwa bikurikiraho, birakenewe kunonosora umusaruro kubintu, kunoza uburinganire bwibicuruzwa hamwe nibindi bipimo byerekana ubuziranenge bwibintu, nkibindi bikoresho bikora neza.
Ku kwagura ibikorwa bidasanzwe byo gukoresha isi.Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka bigomba gutezwa imbere mubikoresho bikora nibicuruzwa bikoreshwa.Gufata urugero rwibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho byisi nkurugero, inzira yinganda zose zikora inganda ziva mubutaka bwisi budasanzwe kugeza kumurongo, ifu ya magnetiki, gucumura (cyangwa guhuza), ubusa, gutunganya, ibikoresho, nibindi bikoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru rwibikorwa byubumenyi, byerekana kandi urwego rwiterambere rwibikorwa byubumenyi. ubungubu, ibigo bimwe byateye imbere bigana kuriyi ntego kandi bigeze ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane, Urugero, uruganda rukora ifu ya magnetiki yisi idasanzwe rwagutse kugeza ku musaruro wa moteri ya servo kubikoresho byimashini za CNC, moteri idasanzwe ya terefone igendanwa nibindi bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bidasanzwe bidasanzwe bya magnetiki
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022