Tantalum chloride, bakunze kwitatantalum Chloride(TaCl₅), ni cyera, kristalline inorganic compound igira uruhare runini mu nganda zikora imiti n’ikoranabuhanga. Muburyo bwera (formula TaCl₅) ni ifu yera kandi ikora nkibikoresho byo gutangiza imiti myinshi ya tantalum. TaCl₅ irakora cyane - byoroshye hydrolyzes mu kirere kugirango ibe oxychloride ya tantalum kandi amaherezo pentoxide ya tantalum - bityo igomba guhora ikemurwa munsianhydrous(amazi adafite amazi). Uku kumva neza ubushuhe bivuze ko TaCl₅ isanzwe ibikwa kandi ikoherezwa mubikoresho bifunze, byumye.
Muri iyi ngingo, turasesengurainsanganyamatsiko ebyiri nyamukuru: icya mbere, ikoreshwa ryibanze rya tantalum chloride munganda nubushakashatsi; na kabiri, uko TaCl₅ ikorwa kandi ikurwa mubikoresho fatizo. Ikiganiro kizagerwaho kubatari inzobere, hamwe nibisobanuro bisobanutse nibitekerezo byerekana aho igishushanyo cyangwa imbonerahamwe bishobora gufasha gusobanukirwa. Aho bishoboka hose, tuzifashisha inkomoko ya tekiniki kugirango tumenye neza, harimo amakuru avuye mubitabo byinzobere.
Imikoreshereze Yingenzi ya Tantalum Chloride
Tantalum pentachloride ni imiti itandukanyehagatina cataliste. Kubera ko ikomeyeAcide Lewis(electron-couple yakira), TaCl₅ ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwogukora hamwe nibikoresho. Bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi birimo:
● Catalizator muri synthesis organique:TaCl₅ ikora nka catalizike ya electrophilique nka aluminium chloride (AlCl₃). Byakoreshejwe mugutezimbere reaction yihariye, kurugero polymerizasiyo cyangwaFriedel - Ubukorikoriandika acylations na alkylations. Yakoreshejwe nk'umusemburo wa polycyclotrimerisation ya alkynes zimwe na zimwe (reaction ya polymer-reaction) no gutegura chloro-aryloxide.
● Ibibanziriza okiside ya tantalum na oxychloride:Kuberako TaCl₅ hydrolyzes kuri tantalum oxychloride (TaOCl₃) hanyuma kuri tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅), ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibyo bikoresho. Ta₂O₅ ni urufunguzo rwa dielectric oxyde ikoreshwa muri capacator zifite agaciro kanini. Mubikorwa, TaCl₅ irashobora guhindurwa (mukongeramo amazi cyangwa amoniya) muri okiside ya tantalum yuzuye cyane cyangwa muri oxychloride ya amonium hanyuma ikabarwa na okiside. Iyi nzira nimwe mumpamvu TaCl₅ nigaburo rikomeye ryinganda za tantalum.
● Ibikoresho byoherejwe na Semiconductor:Mu nganda ziciriritse, TaCl₅ ikoreshwa nka gaze ibanzirizaimyuka ya chimique (CVD)naububiko bwa atome (ALD)ya tantalum irimo firime yoroheje. Kurugero, imyuka ya TaCl₅ irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na plasima ya ammonia cyangwa azote kugirango ibike firime yoroheje ya nitride ya tantalum (TaN), ibikoresho bikoreshwa nka bariyeri yo gukwirakwiza cyangwa electrode mumuzunguruko. Irakoreshwa kandi mukubitsa firime ya tantalum pentoxide ya capacator. Guhagarara kwayo mubidukikije bya chlorine bituma biba byiza kuri ubu buryo bwo hejuru.
● Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki n'ibivange:Ubwanyuma, ibyinshi muri TaCl₅ byakozwe byahinduwe kuritantalumkugirango ukoreshwe mubice bya elegitoroniki. Ubushobozi bwa Tantalum - ubushobozi buke bukoreshwa muri terefone ngendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki - bishingikiriza kuri Ta₂O₅ yera cyane (ikomoka kuri TaCl₅) nka dielectric. TaCl₅ ubwayo ni ibuye ryintambwe: irashobora kugabanuka (urugero na sodium cyangwa aluminium) kugirango itange ifu nziza ya tantalum, hanyuma ikorwe muri capacator hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Muri make, TaCl₅ niingenzi gukora ibyuma bya tantalumbityo rero kuri tantalum capacitor yinganda zose. .
Muncamake, tantalum pentachloride ikoreshwa ahantu hose hakenewe ibice byinshi bya tantalum cyangwa firime. Irashoboza byombiibinyabuzima bya chimie(nka catalizator na chlorine agent) naibikoresho(gushira firime, synthesis ya oxyde). Dukurikije amakuru yakozwe n'ababikora, TaCl₅ “ikora nk'ibikoresho byo gutangiza ibice bishya bya octahedral M₆ cluster” kandi ikagira uruhare mu gukora tantalum (V) oxychloride na pentoxide. Imiterere ya electrophilique (ikunda electron) imiterere, isa niy'ibisanzwe bya catalizike nka AlCl₃, bishimangira uruhare rwayo muri chimie yateye imbere.
Uburyo Tantalum Chloride Yateguwe
Gukora tantalum pentachloride bikubiyemo chlorine tantalum muburyo bumwe. Hariho inzira ebyiri nyamukuru: chlorine yicyuma cya tantalum, hamwe na chlorine yibintu bya tantalum (mubisanzwe oxyde). Muri byose, reaction igomba gukorwa ahantu humye, hatarimo ogisijeni. Inzira shingiro ni:
● Chlorination itaziguye ya tantalum:Ibyuma bya tantalum bigabanijwe neza (akenshi bifata cyangwa ifu) bishyushya mumigezi ya gaze ya chlorine. Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 170-250 ° C, chlorine ikora nicyuma kugirango ikore umwuka wa TaCl₅:
2 Ta + 5 Cl2⟶2 TaCl5.2 \, Ta + 5 \, Cl_2 \ uburebure burebure 2 \, TaCl_5.
Iyi reaction ya exothermic ihindura byihuse ibyuma bya chloride. Mu myitozo, tantalum ishyirwa mu itanura cyangwa reaction hanyuma gaze ya Cl₂ ikayirenza hejuru yubushyuhe bugenzurwa. Umwuka wa TaCl₅ wavuyemo uhita uba mumazi cyangwa ikomeye nkuko ikonje. .
● Chlorine itaziguye (iva kuri oxyde):Akenshi, icyuma kinini cya tantalum nticyoroshye kuboneka cyangwa gihenze cyane. Ahubwo, umuntu arashobora gutangirana na tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅), ikungahaye cyane mubutare. Ta₂O₅ irashobora guhindurwa muri TaCl₅ ukoresheje chlorine ikora nkathionyl chloride (SOCl₂). Igisubizo ni:
Ta2O5 + 5 SOCl2 → 240∘C2 TaCl5 + 5 SO2.
Muri ubu buryo, Ta₂O₅ ikomeye ivanze n’amazi ya SOCl₂ kandi ashyushye (hafi 240 ° C). SOCl₂ ihindura neza okiside kuri chloride, itanga gaze ya dioxyde de sulfure nkibicuruzwa. Iyi nzira itaziguye ni ingirakamaro mugihe ikorana nifu ya oxyde kandi irashobora gutanga TaCl₅ nziza cyane.
Uburyo bwombi hejuru butanga umusaruroGazi ya gazi, Icyo gihe igomba kubayegeranye kandi yeze. Mu myitozo, gaze irimo chlorine ikonjeshwa kugirango amazi ya TaCl₅ (ingingo itetse ~ 239 ° C). Disillation ikoreshwa mugutandukanya TaCl₅ nibintu byose byanduye cyangwa ibikoresho bitetse. Kurugero, mugihe ushushanya muri laboratoire, umuntu ashobora kunyura gaze mumutego ukonje cyangwa urukurikirane rwa kondenseri. Nyuma yo kwegeranya, ibicuruzwa byumye (bishyushye buhoro munsi ya vacuum) kugirango bikureho ibimenyetso byubushuhe. Ibi bivamo ubuziranenge-bwera bukomeye. (A.amezakuvuga muri make ubu buryo bwo guhuza - gutondekanya ibintu, imiterere, nibicuruzwa - bishobora gufasha kugereranya inzira kuruhande.)
● Gukuramo inganda mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro:Ku bunini bunini, tantalum ikunze kuboneka mumabuye y'agaciro nka tantalite cyangwa coltan, arimo tantalum na niobium oxyde. Mubikorwa bimwe byinganda, ubutare bwibanze bwa karubone (kokiya) hanyuma bigakorwa na gaze ya chlorine mubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyi karubone ihindura oxyde muri chloride ihindagurika. Ku ikubitiro, imvange ya titanium, niobium, na chloride ya tantalum ikora kandi igahuza amazi yiswe “titanium-niobium-tantalum oxichloride.” Aya mazi yatandukanijwe mubice: titanium ya mbere tetrachloride (TiCl₄) ikurwaho (itetse 136 ° C), hasigara ahanini niobium na chloride ya tantalum. Ivanga risigaye noneho irindi chlorine (niba bikenewe) kugirango ihindure oxychloride yose muri pentachloride. Hanyuma, niobium chloride (NbCl₅) na tantalum chloride (TaCl₅) bitandukanijwe no gutandukanya ibice, kubera ko TaCl₅ itetse kuri 239 ° C na NbCl₅ kuri 248 ° C. Igisubizo cyanyuma cyezwa TaCl₅. Iyi TaCl₅ ikunze gukoreshwa hamwe na ammonia yo mumazi kugirango igabanye ammonium tantalum fluoride cyangwa oxychloride, iyo kubara itanga Ta ultraO₅ ultra-pure. Mubusanzwe, TaCl₅ ikora nkigihe cyo gutunganya tantalum iva mu bucukuzi bwayo. A.imbonerahamwekwerekana izi ntambwe - kuva ubutare bubisi kugeza TaCl₅ kugeza okiside - byagira akamaro kubasomyi kwiyumvisha inzira yinganda.
Muri make, tantalum chloride ikorwa na halogenation yicyuma cya tantalum cyangwa ibice. Chlorination itaziguye ya Ta hamwe na Cl₂ ninzira yoroshye ya laboratoire, mugihe ibikorwa byinganda bikunze gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa chlorine ya tantalum oxyde yibanda hamwe na karubone (carbochlorination) cyangwa nibindi bikoresho bya chlorine. Gazi ya TaCl₅ noneho yegeranye kandi ikayungurura ubuziranenge bwinshi. Ikigaragara ni uko uruganda rumwe rwa tekiniki rukora rushimangira ko TaCl₅ ikoreshwa muri “chlorine y’ibintu kama” kandi nk '“imiti y’imiti” mu gukora ibyuma bya tantalum yera, bishimangira uruhare rwayo nka reagent ndetse n’ingenzi hagati.
Incamake
Tantalum Chloride(TaCl₅) ningirakamaro yimiti hagati yinganda za tantalum. Byakoreshejwe cyane nka agutangira ibikoreshogukora ibindi bintu bya tantalum (oxyde, nitride, ibyuma) kandi ikora nka aLewis catalistemuburyo bwihariye bwimiti. Porogaramu zisanzwe zitangirira kuri elegitoroniki (capacitori ya tantalum, semiconductor thin firime) kugeza kuri synthesis ya kijyambere. Kuberako TaCl₅ itumva neza kandi ikangirika, kuyikoresha bisaba ibihe byumye.
Umusaruro wa TaCl₅ urimo chlorine tantalum muburyo bumwe. Muri laboratoire, ibi bivuze gukora Ta metal cyangwa oxyde hamwe na chlorine (cyangwa isoko ya chlorine). Mu nganda, bivuze gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa chlorine yubutare bwamabuye y'agaciro, akenshi hamwe na karubone, bigakurikirwa no kuyungurura. Inzira zose zisaba kwezwa neza kugirango utandukane neza TaCl₅ no gukuraho ibicuruzwa.
Gusobanukirwa byombiikoreshanauburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruroya tantalum chloride ni ngombwa mu gushima uruhare rwayo mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Muguhuza synthesis ya chimique ibisobanuro hamwe nibikorwa bifatika (no gutanga infashanyo ziboneka aho zifasha), abasomyi barashobora kubona uburyo iyi compound isa nkaho idasobanutse mubyukuri ni linchpin yibikoresho bishingiye kuri tantalum muri electronics, chimie, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-30-2025