Erbium, atomike numero 68, iherereye mukuzunguruka kwa 6 kumeza yibihe bya chimique, lanthanide (itsinda rya IIIB) numero 11, uburemere bwa atome 167.26, kandi izina ryibanze riva ahavumbuwe isi yttrium.
Erbiumifite ibirimo 0.000247% mubutaka kandi iboneka muri byinshiisi idasanzweamabuye y'agaciro. Ibaho mu bitare byaka kandi irashobora kuboneka na electrolysis no gushonga kwa ErCl3. Irabana nibindi bintu byinshi biri hejuru yubutaka budasanzwe muri yttrium fosifate numukaraisi idasanzwekubitsa zahabu.
Ionicisi idasanzweamabuye y'agaciro: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, n'ibindi mu Bushinwa. Fosifore yttrium ubutare: Maleziya, Guangxi, Guangdong, Ubushinwa. Monazite: Uturere twa Ositaraliya, inkombe z’Ubuhinde, Guangdong, Ubushinwa, n’akarere ka Tayiwani.
Kuvumbura Amateka
Yavumbuwe mu 1843
Inzira yo kuvumbura: Yavumbuwe na CG Mosander mu 1843. Yabanje kwita oxyde ya erbium terbium oxyde, bityo mubuvanganzo bwa mbere,okisidenaerbium oxydebyari bivanze. Nyuma ya 1860 ni bwo hakenewe gukosorwa.
Mugihe kimwe no kuvumbura kwalanthanum, Mossander yasesenguye yiga yttrium yabanje kuvumburwa, asohora raporo mu 1842, asobanura ko isi yttrium yavumbuwe bwa mbere atari oxyde imwe yibanze, ahubwo ko ari oxyde yibintu bitatu. Yacyise umwe muribo yttrium isi, numwe muribo erbia (erbiumisi). Ikimenyetso cyibintu cyagenwe nka Er. Ivumburwa rya erbium nibindi bintu bibiri,lanthanumnaterbium, yafunguye umuryango wa kabiri kubuvumbuzi bwaisi idasanzweibintu, biranga icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvumbura. Ubuvumbuzi bwabo ni ukuvumbura batatuisi idasanzweibice nyuma yibintu bibiriceriumnayttrium.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike
Imiterere ya elegitoroniki:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Ingufu za mbere ionisiyoneri ni 6.10 volt electron. Imiterere ya chimique na physique isa nkaho ya holmium na dysprosium.
Isotopi ya erbium irimo: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Icyuma
Erbiumni icyuma cyera cya feza, cyoroshye muburyo bworoshye, kidashonga mumazi no gushonga muri acide. Umunyu na okiside ni umutuku wijimye. Gushonga 1529 ° C, guteka 2863 ° C, ubucucike 9.006 g / cm ³。
Erbiumni antifiromagnetiki ku bushyuhe buke, ferromagnetic hafi ya zeru rwose, kandi ni super super.
Erbiumgahoro gahoro gahoro gahoro n'amazi mubushyuhe bwicyumba, bikavamo ibara ritukura rya roza.
Gusaba:
Okiside yayoEr2O3ni ibara ritukura rya roza rikoreshwa mugukora ibumba.Okiside Erbiumikoreshwa mu nganda zubutaka kugirango itange ibara ryijimye.
Erbiumifite kandi porogaramu zimwe na zimwe mu nganda za kirimbuzi kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bivangwa n'ibindi byuma. Kurugero, dopingerbiummuri vanadium irashobora kongera imbaraga zayo.
Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa cyane ryaerbiumni mu gukoraerbiumDope fibre amplifier (EDFAs). Bait doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) yatunganijwe bwa mbere na kaminuza ya Southampton mu 1985. Ni kimwe mu bintu byavumbuwe cyane mu itumanaho rya fibre optique ndetse dushobora no kuvugwa ko ari "sitasiyo ya lisansi" y’imihanda ndende ndende.ErbiumFibre fibre ni intandaro ya amplifier mugukata umubare muto wubutaka budasanzwe erbium ion (Er3 +) muri fibre ya quartz. Doping mirongo kugeza kuri magana ppm ya erbium muri fibre optique irashobora kwishyura igihombo cyiza muri sisitemu yitumanaho.Erbiumibyuma byongera fibre ni nka "pompe sitasiyo" yumucyo, ituma ibimenyetso bya optique byoherezwa nta attenasiyo kuva kuri sitasiyo kugera kuri sitasiyo, bityo bikingura neza umuyoboro wikoranabuhanga kubirometero bigezweho, bifite imbaraga nyinshi, kandi byihuta byihuta byitumanaho rya fibre optique .
Ubundi buryo bushyushye bwaerbiumni laser, cyane nkibikoresho byubuvuzi.Erbiumlazeri ni lazeri ikomeye ya laser ifite uburebure bwa 2940nm, ishobora kwinjizwa cyane na molekile zamazi mubice byumuntu, bikagera kubisubizo byingenzi hamwe ningufu nke. Irashobora gukata neza, gusya, no gusohora imyenda yoroshye. Erbium YAG laser nayo ikoreshwa mugukuramo cataracte.Erbiumibikoresho byo kuvura laser birafungura uburyo bwagutse bwo kubaga laser.
Erbiumirashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka ion ikora kubutaka budasanzwe hejuru ya laser ibikoresho.Erbiumibikoresho bya laser upconversion birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: kristu imwe (fluoride, umunyu urimo ogisijeni) hamwe nikirahure (fibre), nka kirisiti ya erbium-yuzuye yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3 +) hamwe na Er3 + ikoporora ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AlF3-NaF) fibre y'ibirahure, ubu byabaye ingirakamaro. BaYF5: Yb3 +, Er3 + irashobora guhindura urumuri rwa infragre mu mucyo ugaragara, kandi ibi bikoresho bya multiphoton upconversion luminescent byakoreshejwe neza mubikoresho byo kureba nijoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2023