Europium, ikimenyetso ni ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi, kandi nimero ya atome ni 63. Nkumunyamuryango usanzwe wa Lanthanide, ubusanzwe Europiyumu afite + 3 Hariho Europium nkeya za Europium hamwe na leta ya Valence ya + 2. Ugereranije nandi matafari aremereye, Europiyumu nta ngaruka zikomeye zibyara kandi ni ukutari uburozi. Gusaba byinshi bya Europium Koresha ingaruka za fosiforescence yo kugabana Europium. Europium ni kimwe mu bintu byinshi biri mu isanzure; Hano haribice 5 gusa mu isanzure × 10-8% byibintu ni Europium.
Europium ibaho muri Monazite
Guvumbura Europium
Iyo nkuru itangira mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19: Icyo gihe, abahanga beza batangiye kuzuzuza gahunda zisigaye mu myanda ya Mendeleev mu mbonerahamwe y'igihe cya Mendeleev mu gusesengura ibintu bidahwitse. Muri iki gihe, aka kazi ntabwo bigoye, kandi umunyeshuri wa sallead arashobora kuyirara; Ariko muri kiriya gihe, abahanga bafite ibikoresho bifite ubusobanuro buke kandi byingero bigoye kweza. Kubwibyo, mumateka yose yo kuvumbura Lanhanide, byose "Quasi" byakomeje gutangaza ibinyoma no gutongana hagati yabo.
Mu 1885, Sir William Crooke yavumbuye icya mbere ariko ntabwo yasobanuye ibimenyetso byasobanutse bya Element 63: Yabonye umurongo wihariye utukura (609 nm) mu cyitegererezo. Hagati ya 1892 na 1893, kuvumbura Gallium, Samariya, na Dysgrosium, Paul é Mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, yemeje iyi batsinda kandi ivumbura indi itsinda ryatsi (535 nm).
Ubukurikira, mu 1896, eug è ne anatole demar Ç Ay yihanganye yatandukanije okiside samarium kandi yemeje ko havumburwa ibintu bishya by'isi idasanzwe biri hagati ya Samariya na Gadiminium. Yatandukanije neza iki kintu mu 1901, ahagaragara urugendo rw'urugendo rwo kuvumbura ruti: "Nizeye kuvuga iki kintu gishya Europium, ikimenyetso cy'umwenda EU na Misa ya Atome kuri 151."
Iboneza rya elegitoroni
Iboneza rya electron:
1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5p66s2 4f7
Nubwo Europium isanzwe ari trivanti, irakunze gukora ibice biryoshye. Iki kintu kiratandukanye no gushiraho + 3 valeance ibice byinshi. Gukuramo Europium bifite imiterere ya elegitoronike ya 4f7, nkuko igice cyuzuye F Shell gitanga umutekano, na Europium (II) na bariya (ii) birasa. Amazi Amaroto ni umukozi wo kugabanya umuto muto uhinduranya mu kirere kugirango akore ikigo cya Europium (III). Mu bihe bya Anaerobic, cyane cyane gushyushya Europium ihamye bihagije kandi ikunda kwinjizwa muri Calcium nibindi byisi yisi ya alkaline minerval. Ibikorwa byo guhanahana gion ni ishingiro ryibitabo byiza ", ni ukuvuga, ugereranije nubwinshi bwa Chondrite, imyunyu ngugu ya Lanhanite nka Monazite ifite ubukorikori buke. Ugereranije na Monazite, basnaesute akenshi bigaragaza ibintu bike bya europium anomalies, bityo bisnaessites nizo soko nyamukuru ya Europium.
Europium ni icyuma cyicyuma gifite ingingo ya 822 ° C, ingingo itetse yo kuwa 1597 ° C, hamwe nubucucike bwa 5.2434 G / CM ntabwo ari ibintu byihishe mubice bidasanzwe byisi. Europium nikintu gikora cyane mubice bidasanzwe byisi: Kubushyuhe bwicyumba, bihita bitakaza ibyuma byayo mu kirere kandi byihuse bikaba bihita bifata ifu; Niyitwara byoroshye n'amazi akonje kugirango atange gaze hydrognan; Europium irashobora kubyitwaramo na Boron, Karuboni, Sulfuru, PhoShore, Hydrorus, ACROBDEN, nibindi
Gusaba Europium
Europium sulfate isohora fluorescence itukura munsi yumucyo ultraviolet
Georges UnBain, umuhanga mu bafite imiti ruto, yarazwe ibikoresho bya demar ç ay asanga ya YTTRIUM yasohotse urumuri rurerure rwa Europium.
Fosifori igizwe na eu3 itukura +, icyatsi kibisi +, n'ubururu eu2 + etturs, cyangwa ihuriro ryabo, irashobora guhindura urumuri rwa ultraviolet. Ibi bikoresho bigira uruhare runini mubikoresho bitandukanye kwisi: x-ray gukaza eccrens, imiyoboro ya Cathode cyangwa ecran ya plasma, kimwe na dides fluorescent hamwe na diode yo kuzigama.
Ingaruka ya fluorescence yo kuvura europium yatontomye kandi irashobora gukangurwa na molekile kama, kandi itogosha irashobora gukoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye bisaba kumva cyane, nka inka zirwanya impimbano na barcode.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, Europiyumu yakinnye uruhare runini mu isesengura ryimiti ikoresheje uburyo bukonje bukonje. Mu bitaro byinshi na laboratoire z'ubuvuzi, isesengura ryabaye risanzwe. Mu bushakashatsi bw'ubumenyi bw'ubuzima, harimo n'ibinyabuzima biboneka mu binyabuzima bikozwe muri Europium n'abandi Lanhanide ari hose. Kubwamahirwe, ikiro kimwe cya Europiyumu kirahagije kugirango asesengure hafi miliyari imwe - nyuma yuko guverinoma y'Ubushinwa imeze iherutse kubuzwa ibura ry'isi ridasanzwe, ibihugu by'inganda bidashoboka ko ibura ry'isi ridasanzwe ridahangayikishijwe n'ihungabana nk'iryo.
Ububiko bwa Europium bukoreshwa nkuko byashizwemo mokhor ishimishije muri sisitemu nshya ya x-ray. Europium oxide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukora inzira y'amabara hamwe na optoelectronike, kubikoresho bya magnetique ibikoresho bya magnetique, no kubikoresho byo kugenzura, ibikoresho bikingira, nibikoresho byimiterere byabatwara anome. Kuberako atome yacyo ishobora gukuramo netrons nyinshi kuruta ibindi bintu byose, bikunze gukoreshwa nkibintu byo gukuramo ibipimo bya neutrons mu bakira ba Atome.
Muri iyi si yaguye vuba isi, ikoreshwa rya Europiri riherutse kuvumburwa rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buhinzi. Abahanga basanze plastike yabonaga hamwe na marper ya europium kandi bidahwitse irashobora guhindura neza igice cyanyuma cyizuba mumitara igaragara. Iyi nzira nicyatsi kibisi (ni amabara yuzuzanya yumutuku). Ukoresheje ubu bwoko bwa pulasitike kugirango wubake icyatsi gishobora gutuma ibihingwa bikurura urumuri rugaragara kandi rwongera umusaruro wibihingwa hafi 10%.
Europium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri Quanim yo kwibuka, ishobora kubika amakuru yiminsi myinshi mugihe runaka. Ibi birashobora gushoboza amakuru ya Quanim yo kwiyamamariza igikoresho gisa na disiki ikomeye kandi byoherejwe mugihugu.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jun-27-2023