Vuba aha, Apple yatangaje ko izashyira mu bikorwa byinshi ibikoresho bidasanzwe by'isiku bicuruzwa byayo kandi yashyizeho gahunda yihariye: mu 2025, isosiyete izagera ku ikoreshwa rya cobalt 100% ikoreshwa muri bateri zose zateguwe na Apple; Imashini zikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nazo zizaba zakozwe rwose mubutaka budasanzwe bwongeye gukoreshwa.
Nkibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi bifite imikoreshereze myinshi yibicuruzwa bya Apple, NdFeB ifite ingufu za magneti nyinshi (ni ukuvuga, ingano ntoya irashobora kubika ingufu nini), ishobora guhura nogukurikirana miniaturizasi nuburemere bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Porogaramu kuri terefone zigendanwa zigaragarira cyane cyane mu bice bibiri: moteri ya terefone igendanwa hamwe na micro electro acoustic. Buri terefone isaba hafi 2,5g ya neodymium fer boron.
Abashinzwe inganda bavuga ko 25% kugeza 30% by’imyanda ikomoka mu musaruro w’ibikoresho bya magnetiki ya neodymium fer boron, hamwe n’ibikoresho bya magnetiki bikoreshwa nka elegitoroniki y’abaguzi na moteri, ari isoko y’ingenzi yo gutunganya isi idasanzwe. Ugereranije n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bisa n’amabuye y’ibanze, gutunganya no gukoresha imyanda idasanzwe y’ubutaka bifite ibyiza byinshi, nko kugabanya inzira, kugabanya ibiciro, kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, no kurinda neza umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe. Kandi buri toni yagaruwe na praseodymium neodymium oxyde ihwanye no gucukura toni 10000 zubutaka budasanzwe ion cyangwa toni 5 zubutaka budasanzwe munsi yubutaka buke.
Gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka birahinduka inkunga yingenzi kubutaka budasanzwe. Bitewe nuko ubutaka budasanzwe umutungo wa kabiri ari ubwoko bwihariye bwumutungo, gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka nuburyo bwiza bwo kuzigama umutungo no gukumira umwanda. Nibisabwa byihutirwa kandi byanze bikunze guhitamo iterambere ryimibereho. Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwakomeje gushimangira imiyoborere y’inganda zose mu nganda zidasanzwe z’isi, mu gihe ishishikariza inganda z’ubutaka kongera gutunganya umutungo wa kabiri urimo ibikoresho by’ubutaka bidasanzwe.
Muri Kamena 2012, Ibiro bishinzwe amakuru mu Nama ya Leta byasohoye “Impapuro zera ku miterere na politiki by’isi idasanzwe mu Bushinwa”, byagaragaje neza ko Leta ishishikarizwa guteza imbere inzira zihariye, ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikoresho byo gukusanya, kuvura, gutandukana , no kweza ibikoresho by'imyanda idasanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku ikoreshwa ry’isi idasanzwe ya pyrometallurgiki yumunyu ushongeshejwe, slag, isi idasanzwe ibikoresho byangiza imyanda ya magneti, hamwe n’imyanda ya moteri ihoraho, imyanda ya bateri ya nikel hydrogène, imyanda y’amatara adasanzwe ya fluorescent, hamwe n’ubutaka budasanzwe budasanzwe Kongera gukoresha no gukoresha isi ya kabiri idasanzwe umutungo nkimyanda idasanzwe yubutaka bwangiza nibindi bikoresho birimo imyanda idasanzwe.
Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda zidasanzwe z’Ubushinwa, umubare munini w’ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka hamwe n’imyanda itunganya bifite agaciro gakomeye ko gutunganya. Ku ruhande rumwe, inzego zibishinzwe zikora ubushakashatsi ku masoko y’ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe by’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, bigasesengura isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe by’ubutaka bituruka ku itangwa ry’ubutaka budasanzwe mu Bushinwa no gutunganya no gukoresha umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga, no gushyiraho ingamba zijyanye. Ku rundi ruhande, inganda zidasanzwe ku isi zashimangiye ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, zunguka ubumenyi burambuye ku bwoko butandukanye bw’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ry’imyororokere y’ubutaka, ryerekanwe kandi riteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rijyanye no kurengera ubukungu n’ibidukikije, kandi ryateje imbere ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo gutunganya no gukoresha isi idasanzwe.
Muri 2022, igipimo cya recycledpraseodymium neodymiumumusaruro mu Bushinwa wageze kuri 42% by'isoko y'icyuma cya praseodymium neodymium. Dukurikije imibare ifatika, umusaruro w’imyanda ya neodymium fer boron mu Bushinwa wageze kuri toni 53000 umwaka ushize, umwaka ushize wiyongera hafi 10%. Ugereranije n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bisa n’amabuye y’ibanze, gutunganya no gukoresha imyanda idasanzwe y’ubutaka bifite ibyiza byinshi: inzira zigufi, kugabanya ibiciro, kugabanya “imyanda itatu”, gukoresha neza umutungo, kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, no kurinda neza igihugu ubutunzi budasanzwe bw'isi.
Mu rwego rwo kugenzura igenzura ry’igihugu ku bicuruzwa bidasanzwe by’ubutaka no kongera ibicuruzwa bikenerwa n’ubutaka budasanzwe, isoko rizatanga ibyifuzo byinshi ku isi idasanzwe. Nyamara, kuri ubu, haracyari imishinga mito mito itanga umusaruro mubushinwa itunganya kandi igakoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka, ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe, ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi, hamwe ninkunga ya politiki ishobora kurushaho kunozwa. Kugeza ubu, birihutirwa ko igihugu gikora cyane mu gutunganya no gukoresha umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe bayobowe n’umutekano w’ubutaka udasanzwe ndetse n’intego ya “karuboni ebyiri”, gukoresha neza kandi mu buryo bwuzuye imikoreshereze y’ubutaka budasanzwe, kandi bugakina umwihariko. uruhare mu iterambere ryiza ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2023