Garagaza Ibyingenzi bya Oxide ya Scandium

Umwirondoro wumubiri wa okiside ya scandium urangwa nubushyuhe bukomeye bwumuriro, werekana ahantu hanini cyane gushonga ubusanzwe bugwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 2400 kugeza 2485, ibyo bikaba byerekana imbaraga zikomeye za interatomique ziri muri kasitori yacyo. Ahantu ho gutekera harazamutse cyane, bikomeza gushimangira imiterere yabwo ndetse nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n’ibidukikije bikabije bitarinze guhinduka. Hamwe n'uburemere bwihariye bugera kuri garama 3.86 kuri santimetero kibe, ifite ubucucike buringaniye, ikintu kigira ingaruka kumitekerereze rusange mubisabwa aho urumuri rwibintu ari ikintu gikomeye. Byongeye kandi, okiside ya scandium yerekana ubudahangarwa mu bitangazamakuru byo mu mazi, ikintu kikaba gituruka ku guhuza ionic gukomera mu miterere yacyo, nubwo byoroshye guhita bishonga muri acide minerval yibanze nyuma yo gushyuha, bigakora imyunyu ya scandium, imyitwarire yimiti ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwogukora no kweza. Imiti,okisideYerekana ibyifuzo bya amphoteric, nubwo ibyingenzi byayo bigaragara cyane kuruta acide, bikemerera gukora hamwe nubwoko bwa acide gukora umunyu. Igishimishije, irashobora kandi kwinjiza imyuka ya karubone yo mu kirere, cyane cyane iyo hari ubushuhe, bigatuma habaho karubone yo hejuru cyangwa hydroxycarbonate, ibintu bisaba kubika neza kugirango bikomeze kugira isuku.

Kurenga ibiranga ibintu bifatika, okiside ya scandium yerekana suite ishimishije yibikoresho bya optique na elegitoronike bigenda bikoreshwa muburyo bugezweho. Igipimo cyacyo cyangiritse, ugereranije hejuru ya 1.85 kugeza kuri 1.96 bitewe nuburebure bwumurambararo nubucucike bwibintu, bituma bigira agaciro muguhimba impuzu za optique hamwe na lens, byongera imikorere yo kohereza urumuri no gukoresha. Kugaragaza imiyoboro ihambaye igaragara mugice kigaragara kandi hafi-ya-infrarafarike ya electromagnetic spécran, ikora nkigice cyingenzi muri windows optique kandi nkibisobanuro byoroshye bya firime yoroheje mubikoresho bya optoelectronic. Byongeye kandi, iyo hifashishijwe ingamba zidasanzwe za ion zidasanzwe, okiside ya scandium yerekana Photoluminescence, itanga urumuri rwumurambararo wihariye iyo ushimishijwe, umutungo wingenzi mugukoresha mumashanyarazi akoresha ingufu zumucyo ukomeye hamwe na tekinoroji yerekana. Mu miterere yacyo, okiside ya scandium ikora nka insuliranteri y'amashanyarazi, irangwa no kurwanya cyane, ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kuyikoresha nk'ibikoresho bya dielectric mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, birinda kumeneka bidakenewe. Ihinduka ryinshi rya dielectric ihoraho nayo itanga uburyo bukwiye gukoreshwa muri capacator, byorohereza kubika neza ingufu mumashanyarazi.

Kugirango usobanukirwe na macroscopique imyitwarire ya scandium oxyde, gusobanukirwa ibyubatswe bya atome byubatswe nibyingenzi. Ihinduranya muburyo bwa cubic Bixbyite, motif isanzwe mubutaka budasanzwe bwa sesquioxide, irangwa nububiko bushingiye kumaso ya gahunda ya anide ya oxyde hamwe na scandium cations zifite imyanya yihariye ya octahedral, nubwo ifite imyanya idasanzwe ya anionic. Ibiranga imiterere byerekana intera ihuza intera nu mpande zombi, amaherezo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibintu muri rusange. Iioni itondekanye cyane kandi ikomeye muri iyi kasike ya kirisiti igira uruhare runini mubintu byo gushonga cyane hamwe nubusembure bwa chimique mubihe byinshi.

Gushora ibirenze ibiranga shingiro, okiside ya scandium yerekana ibintu byinshi byateye imbere kandi bigenda bigaragara bikurura inyungu zikomeye mubushakashatsi bugezweho. Ubuso bwacyo bwerekana ibikorwa bya catalitiki yo guhindura imiti, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwamamaza molekile zitandukanye burimo gushakishwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji. Mugihe icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, gifite ubushyuhe bupima ubushyuhe, butuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka, ikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki bifite ingufu nyinshi. Umubare muto ugereranije no kwagura ubushyuhe butuma uburinganire buringaniye mubushyuhe butandukanye, ikintu cyifuzwa mubuhanga bwuzuye. Byongeye kandi, gukomera kwayo gukomeye hamwe no kuvunika gukabije bigira uruhare mu kuramba mu gusaba ibidukikije.

Ubwanyuma, ihuriro ryihariye rya scandium oxyde yumubiri, imiti, optique, elegitoroniki, nubukanishi byerekana uburyo butandukanye kandi bwagutse bwibikorwa. Ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nibintu bya luminescent bishimangira ikoreshwa ryumucyo mwinshi. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kongera imbaraga no gusudira bya aluminiyumu, binyuze mu gutunganya ingano, ni ingenzi mu kirere no mu buhanga bw’imodoka. Ibikoresho bya dielectric na insulation bikoreshwa mububiko bwa elegitoroniki na capacator. Igipimo cyacyo cyangiritse no gukorera mu mucyo bikoreshwa muburyo bwiza. Igikorwa cya catalitiki yubuso bwacyo gikorerwa ubushakashatsi muri synthesis, kandi ubushobozi bwa adsorption bukoreshwa mubuhanga bwa sensor. Doping idasanzwe ya scandium oxyde hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe butuma habaho gukora fosifori yihariye yo kumurika no kwerekana porogaramu. Mugihe ubushakashatsi bukomeje kwerekana ubuhanga bwimiterere yabwo no gucukumbura uburyo bushya bwoguhindura uburyo bushya, ikoreshwa rya okiside ya scandium ryiteguye kurushaho kwaguka, bishimangira uruhare rwaryo nkibikoresho byingenzi mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.