Mu isi y'ubumaji ya chimie,bariumBuri gihe yakunze kwitabwaho kubanyabumenyi bafite igikundiro cyihariye no gusaba kwagutse. Nubwo iyi feza-yera-yera yibintu ntabwo ari byiza cyane nka zahabu cyangwa ifeza, bigira uruhare rudasanzwe mumirima myinshi. Duhereye ku bikoresho by'ubushakashatsi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku bikoresho by'ingenzi mu musaruro w'inganda mu gufata amajwi yo gusuzuma mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi ,riyo yanditse imigani ya chimie hamwe n'imitungo yihariye.
Nko mu 1602, Cassio Lauro, umunyeganyesiyo mu mujyi wa Porse w'Ubutaliyani, yatetse akariya kariyaho kaburimbo hamwe n'ibintu bishobora guhungabana mu mwijima. Ubu buvumbuzi bwashishikaye cyane mu bahanga muri icyo gihe, kandi ibuye ryabereye ibuye rya porra maze rihinduka ubushakashatsi ku banyamiti b'Abanyaburayi.
Icyakora, yari umugambi wa shimi wa Suwede wemeje rwose korium yari ikintu gishya. Yavumbuye muri Barium oxide mu 1774 ayita "Baryta" (isi iremereye). Yize kuri ibi bintu yimbitse kandi yizera ko yari igizwe nisi nshya (okiside) ihujwe na aside sulfuric. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yashushanyije neza nitrate yubwo butaka bushya kandi abonye okide yera.
Ariko, nubwo Scheele yavumbuye okipi yariyo, ntabwo yari impeshyi ya mugitondo Davy yakoze neza muri bariimini ibyuma bya electrolyzing a electrolyte ikozwe muri Barite. Uku kuvumburwa no kwemeza icyemezo cyemeza kumugeri nkikintu cyica, kandi cyafunguye urugendo rwo gusaba muri sariya mumirima itandukanye.
Kuva icyo gihe, abantu bakomeje kurushaho gusobanukirwa na barium. Abahanga mu bya siyansi basebye amayobera ya kamere kandi batezimbere iterambere rya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga biga imitungo n'imyitwarire ya bariimu. Gushyira mu bikorwa muririimi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, inganda, n'ubuvuzi nabyo byakomeje no kwiyongera no guhumurizwa n'ubuzima bw'abantu. Igikundiro cy'irimbo kidafite akamaro gusa. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeje gushakisha amayobera ya miliyoni kandi bateza imbere iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga biga imitungo n'imyitwarire ya bariya. Muri icyo gihe, muririina kandi agirana bucece harimo uruhare mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, tuzana uburyo bworoshye no guhumurizwa mubuzima bwacu.
Reka dutangire uru rugendo rwubushakashatsi bwo gushakisha barium, duhimbanya umwenda wamayobera, kandi dushima igikundiro cyihariye. Mu kiganiro gikurikira, tuzumva neza imitungo na porogaramu ya bariya, ndetse n'uruhare rwingenzi mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, inganda, nubuvuzi. Nizera ko binyuze mu gusoma iyi ngingo, uzagira gusobanukirwa byimbitse n'ubumenyi bwa bariya.
1. Gusaba imirima ya bariimi
Arium nikintu rusange gisanzwe. Nibice bya silvery-yera ibaho muburyo bwamabuye y'agaciro atandukanye muri kamere. Ibikurikira ni bimwe byakoreshwa buri munsi bya barium
Gutwika na luminecence: Barium ni icyuma gikora cyane kitanga urumuri rwinshi mugihe cyo guhura na Ammonia cyangwa ogisijeni. Ibi bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nkibikorwa byo gukora fireworks, amakosa, na fosifori.
Inganda z'ubuvuzi: Ibigo bya Barium bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ubuvuzi. Amafunguro ya Barium (nk'ibinini bya kariiline) bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma Gastrointestinal X-ray kugirango bifashe abaganga kubona imikorere ya sisitemu y'igifu. Ibigo bya Barium nabyo bikoreshwa mubivuzi bimwe na bimwe bya radio, nka iyode ikora kugirango bivure indwara ya tiroyide.
Ikirahure na Ceramics: Ibigo bya Barium bikunze gukoreshwa mu kirahure na ceramic bitewe n'ingingo zabo nziza hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Ibice bya Barium birashobora kuzamura ubukana n'imbaraga z'ibinyabuzima kandi birashobora gutanga imitungo yihariye ya ceramic, nko kwinjiza amashanyarazi no gutanga indangagaciro nyinshi.
Ibyuma bitwara: Barium irashobora gukora kuri alloys hamwe nibindi bintu by'icyuma, kandi aya magambo afite imitungo idasanzwe. Kurugero, Barium alloys irashobora kongera ahantu ho gushonga kwa aluminiyumu na magnesium alloys, utuma byoroshye gutunganya no guta. Byongeye kandi, muririimi alloys hamwe numutungo wa magneti wakoreshwa kandi mugukora ibyapa n'ibikoresho bya magneti.
Barium ni ikintu c'imiti hamwe nikimenyetso cya chimique ca na atomic numero 56. Barium ni ibyuma byisi bya alkaline biri mumatsinda ya 6 yimeza yigihe, Imbonerahamwe nyamukuru.
2. Ibintu bifatika bya bariimi
Barium (BA)ni ikintu cyisi ya alkaline. 1. Kugaragara: Barium ni ibyuma byoroshye, byera-byera hamwe na metallic yijimye mugihe ukanze.
2. Ubucucike: Barium ifite ubucucike bukabije bwa 3.5 G / CM³. Nimwe mu myanya yoroheje ku isi.
3. Gushonga no Gutetsa amanota: Uburyo bwo gushonga bwa bariya bugera kuri 727 ° C hamwe ningingo zibi ni 1897 ° C.
4. Gukomera: Barium ni icyuma cyoroshye ugereranije na mohs ikomeye ya 1.25 kuri dogere 20.
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7. Ibikorwa bya chimique: Barium ntabwo yitwara neza hamwe nibidahinduka byinshi hamwe nimiti myinshi mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ariko ikora oxide ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru no mu kirere. Irashobora gukora ibice byinshi bidafite ishingiro, nkinka, sulfides, nibindi.
8. Imiterere yo kubaho: Amabuye y'agaciro arimo muririimi mu butaka bw'isi, nka Barite (etc sulfate), n'ibindi na bo barium irashobora kandi kubaho muburyo bwa hydraspes, ibimaro, ibibi.
9. Radiyo: Barium ifite isotopes zitandukanye za radio
10. Gusaba: Ibigo bya Barium bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, nk'ikirahure, reberi, igituba cy'inganda zakoreshejwe nk'abakozi banyuranye mu masomo y'itandukaniro.
3. Imiterere yimiti ya bariimi
Umutungo wa Metallic: Barium ni ibyuma bikomeye hamwe na silvery-virusi yera hamwe nubwiza amashanyarazi meza.
Ubucucike no Gushonga Ingingo: Barium ni ikintu cyinshi ugereranije na 3.51 G / CM3. Barium ifite aho bashongeshejwe na dogere 727 (dogere 1341 Fahrenheit).
Gutongana: Barium yitabira vuba hamwe nibintu byinshi bitari ibyuma, cyane cyane hamwe na halogene (nka chlorine na brorine), kubyara ibigo bya barium bihuye. Kurugero ,riimi yibasiwe na chlorine kugirango itange chloride ya barium.
Oximatishoboye: Barium irashobora kuba okiside kugirango ice orium oxide. Barium oxide ikoreshwa cyane munganda nkicyuma gishonga no gushakisha ikirahuri. Igikorwa kinini: Barium ifite ibikorwa byinshi byimiti byoroshye n'amazi kurekura hydrogène no gutera muri barium hydroxide.
4. Imiterere y'ibinyabuzima ya bariimi
Uruhare n'ibinyabuzima byabariumMu binyabuzima ntabwo byumvikana neza, ariko birazwi korium ifite uburozi runaka mubinyabuzima.
Inzira yo gufata: Abantu cyane cyane bariimi banyuze mu biryo no kunywa amazi. Ibiryo bimwe bishobora kuba birimo ibimenyetso byinshi byariimi, nkibinyampeke, inyama, nibikomoka ku mata. Byongeye kandi, amazi yubutaka rimwe na rimwe arimo kwibanda kuri bariimi.
Kwinjira mu biologiya na metabolism: Barium irashobora kwishora mubinyabuzima kandi ikwirakwizwa mumubiri binyuze mumaraso. Barium cyane cyane mu mpyiko n'amagufwa, cyane cyane mu magufwa akomeye mu magufwa.
Imikorere y'ibinyabuzima: Barium ntiraboneka kugira imirimo y'ingenzi ya physiologination mu binyabuzima. Kubwibyo, imikorere y'ibinyabuzima ya bariya ikomeje kuvugurura.
5. Imiterere y'ibinyabuzima ya bariimi
Uburozi: Kwibanze kuri bariiline onte cyangwa ibigo bya bariya bifite uburozi kumubiri wumuntu. Gufata bikabije byariyo bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitangaje, harimo kuruka, intege nke, inkambi, etc. Uburozi bukabije bwangiritse, ibyangiritse hamwe nibibazo byumutima hamwe nibibazo byumutima hamwe nibibazo byumutima hamwe nibibazo byumutima hamwe nibibazo byumutima hamwe nibibazo byumutima.
Amagufwa yo gukusanya amagufwa: Barium irashobora kwegeranya mumagufwa mumubiri wumuntu, cyane cyane mubasaza. Igihe kirekire guhura nibikorwa byinshi bya barium birashobora gutera indwara zamagufwa nka osteoporose.
Ingaruka z'umutima: Barium, nka sodium, irashobora kubangamira ion impirimbanyi kandi ikora amashanyarazi, yibasira imikorere yumutima. Gufata cyane na barium birashobora gutera injyana idasanzwe yumutima kandi yongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa.
Carcinogenicity: Although there is still controversy about the carcinogenicity of barium, some studies have shown that long-term exposure to high concentrations of barium may increase the risk of certain cancers, such as stomach cancer and esophageal cancer. Kubera uburozi nubusambanyi hashobora kubaho, abantu bagomba kwitonda kugirango birinde gufata cyane cyangwa kuramba kugeza kwibanda kuri bariim. Imbaga ya Barium mu kunywa amazi n'ibiryo bigomba gukurikiranwa no kugenzurwa no kurinda ubuzima bwabantu. Niba ukeka uburozi cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bifitanye isano, nyamuneka shakisha uhite.
6. Barium muri kamere
Amabuye y'agaciro ya Barium: Barium irashobora kubaho mu bukorikori bw'isi mu buryo bwamabuye y'agaciro. Amabuye y'agaciro amwe asanzwe arimo Barite kandi akaba. Izi nfizi zikunze kugaragara hamwe nandi mabuye y'agaciro, nkayayobowe, zinc, na feza.
Gushonga mu mazi by'ubutaka n'amabuye: Barium irashobora kubaho mu mazi y'ubutaka n'amabuye muri leta yashonze. Amazi yubutaka arimo ibimenyetso bihwanye nibikoresho byangiza, kandi kwibanda kwayo biterwa nuburyo bwa geologiya nibikoresho byamazi. Umunyu wa Barium: Barium irashobora gukora umunyu utandukanye, nka bariya chloride, muririum nitrate na barium karubone. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kubaho muri kamere nkamabuye nyabo.
Ibiri mu butaka:BariumIrashobora kubaho mubutaka muburyo butandukanye, bimwe muribi biva mu iseswa ry'imitsi y'amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa amabuye. Ibikubiye muri bariya mubutaka mubisanzwe ni bike, ariko hashobora kubaho ibintu byinshi bya bariimi mubice bimwe.
Twabibutsa ko ifishi n'ibirimo byariyo bishobora gutandukana muburyo butandukanye na geologiya, bityo ibintu byihariye na geografiya bigomba gusuzumwa mugihe muganira mugihe muri bariya.
7. Ubucukuzi bwa Barium no gutanga umusaruro
Inzira yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro no gutegura ubusanzwe ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
1. Ubucukuzi bwa Barium ORE: Amabuye y'agaciro nyamukuru ya Barium Mubisanzwe biboneka mubutaka bwisi kandi bukwirakwizwa cyane mumabuye n'amayero yo kubitsa amabuye y'agaciro ku isi. Ubucukuzi bukubiyemo inzira nko guturika, gucukura, guhonyora no gupima ore kugirango ubone amabuye y'agaciro arimo muri salium slulfate.
2. Gutegura kwibanda: Gukuramo Barium kuva muririum ore bisaba kwibanda kubitera. Kwitegura mubisanzwe uhitamo intoki n'intambwe zo gukuraho umwanda no kubona ore irimo sulfate zirenga 96%.
3. Gutegura Sulfate ya Barium: Imyitozo ikorwa nintambwe nkicyuma na silicon gukuraho nyuma yo kubona salium sulfate (baso4).
4. Gutegura sulfide ya kariium: Kugirango utegure Barium kuva muri salium slulfate, sulfate ya karium igomba guhinduka muri salimi, izwi kandi ku izina ryabirabura. Barium sulfate ore ifu hamwe nubunini bwa mesh itarenze 20 ubusanzwe ivangwa namakara cyangwa peke ya coke ya peke muri kiriya kigereranyo cya 4: 1. Uruvange rutetse kuri 1100 ℃ mu itanura ry'isubiramo, kandi rilfate ya karium igabanuka kuri bariimi sulfide.
5. Gushonga SULFIDE ya Barium: Ikiriri cya kariya gikemuwe cya squlfate kirashobora kuboneka namazi ashyushye.
6. Gutegura Oxide ya Barium: Kugirango uhindure slifide ya barium muri ziriide, sodium karubone cyangwa karubone ya dioxyde cyangwa ubusanzwe Nyuma yo kuvanga akanwa karium karobonate na karubone, kubara hejuru ya 800 ℃ birashobora kubyara orium okiside.
7. Gukonjesha no gutunganya: Twabibutsa ko muri barium okiside ifise ifishi peroxide kuri 500-700 Kugirango wirinde umusaruro wa barium peroxide, ibicuruzwa byarabara bigomba gukonjeshwa cyangwa kuzimya mukingira gaze ya inert.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru ni inzira rusange yo gucukura no gutegura ikiriyo. Izi nzira zirashobora gutandukana bitewe nibikoresho nibikoresho, ariko amahame rusange akomeza kuba amwe. Barium ni ibyuma byingenzi byinganda bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo nibibazo bya shimi, ubuvuzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibindi bice.
8. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya kuri bariine
Bariumni ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwinganda na siyansi. Mu isesengura ryisesengura, uburyo bwo kumenya muririimi mubisanzwe harimo gusesengura inyungu nisesengura. Ibikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye kubikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mubice bya barium:
1. Icyitegererezo cyicyitegererezo cyatewe mu kirimi, na atom ya karium ikurura urumuri rwuburebure bwihariye. Imbaraga z'umucyo washizwemo zirapimwa kandi ni kugereranywa no kwibanda kuri bariim.
2. Inono ya Flame AtomeTrometrie (abafana): Ubu buryo butamenya muri bariya mugutera icyitegererezo mumuriro, bishimishije kuri boom yo gusohora urumuri rwinshi. Ugereranije na Faas, abanyamahanga muri rusange bakoreshwa muguhitamo kwibanda kuri bariim.
3. Atomic fluorescence spectrometrie (aas): Ubu buryo busa na Faas, ariko bukoresha fluorescence yerekana ko habaho barium. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ibimenyetso byariimi.
4. Ion Chromatography: Ubu buryo bukwiye gusesengura bariimi mubyitegererezo byamazi. Barium ons baratandukanye kandi bamenyekana na ion chromatografiya. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ibikoresho bya kariyi mumazi.
5. Icyitegererezo kimaze gushimishwa na x-imirasire, atoms zo muririimi, kandi ibinyamiri bigenwa no gupima ubukana bwa fluorescence.
6. Spectrometry nyinshi: Ubwinshi bwinshi burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ibigize Isotopic Ibigizerimo bya Barium no kumenya ibikubiye muri bariya. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mubisesengurirwa byinshi kandi birashobora gutahura ubujura buke cyane bwa bariya. Hejuru hari uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya muri Barium. Uburyo bwihariye bwo guhitamo biterwa nuburyo bwicyitegererezo, ibitekerezo byariimi, hamwe nintego yo gusesengura. Niba ukeneye andi makuru cyangwa ufite ibindi bibazo, nyamuneka umenyeshe. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire na porogaramu yinganda kugirango dushyire neza kandi rwizewe kandi tumenye ko hariho no kwibanda kuri barium. Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha biterwa n'ubwoko bw'icyitegererezo bugomba gupimwa, intera y'ibirimo, n'imigambi yihariye yo gusesengura.
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-09-2024