Kuki ingufu zigarukira kandi ingufu zigenzurwa mubushinwa? Ni gute bigira ingaruka ku nganda zikora imiti?

Iriburiro:Vuba aha, "itara ritukura" ryafunguwe mu kugenzura uburyo bubiri bwo gukoresha ingufu ahantu henshi mu Bushinwa. Mu gihe kitarenze amezi ane uhereye “umwaka ukomeye” urangiye, uturere twavuzwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho twafashe ingamba nyuma yo kugerageza gukemura ikibazo cyo gukoresha ingufu vuba bishoboka. Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang n’izindi ntara zikomeye z’imiti byagize ingaruka zikomeye, bifata ingamba nko guhagarika umusaruro n’amashanyarazi ku bigo ibihumbi. Reka ibigo byaho bumve ko byafashwe nabi. Kuki amashanyarazi agabanuka kandi umusaruro uhagarara? Ni izihe ngaruka bizazana mu nganda?

Intara nyinshi zigabanya amashanyarazi n'umusaruro muke.

Vuba aha, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Henan, Chongqing, Imbere muri Mongoliya, Henan n'ahandi batangiye gufata ingamba zo kugabanya no kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'ingufu hagamijwe kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Kubuza amashanyarazi no kugabanya umusaruro byagiye bikwirakwira kuva mu turere two hagati no mu burengerazuba kugera mu burasirazuba bwa Delta ya Delta ya Delta na Pearl River Delta.

Sichuan:Hagarika umusaruro udakenewe, amatara n'imizigo yo mu biro.

Henan:Ibigo bimwe bitunganya bifite imbaraga nke mugihe kirenze ibyumweru bitatu.

Chongqing:Inganda zimwe zagabanije amashanyarazi zihagarika umusaruro mu ntangiriro za Kanama.

Mongoliya y'imbere:Igenzura cyane igihe cyo kugabanya amashanyarazi yinganda, kandi igiciro cyamashanyarazi ntikizamuka hejuru ya 10%. Qinghai: Hatanzwe umuburo wo kugabanya amashanyarazi, kandi urugero rwo kugabanya amashanyarazi rwakomeje kwiyongera. Ningxia: Ibigo bitwara ingufu nyinshi bizahagarika umusaruro ukwezi kumwe. Kugabanuka kw'amashanyarazi muri Shaanxi kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka: Komisiyo ishinzwe iterambere n'ivugurura ry'umujyi wa Yulin, Intara ya Shaanxi yatanze intego yo kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, isaba ko imishinga “ibiri ndende” yubatswe idakwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa guhera muri Nzeri kugeza Ukuboza.Uyu mwaka, ibyubatswe bishya kandi bishyirwa mu bikorwa “Imishinga ibiri Yisumbuye” bizagabanya umusaruro ku gipimo cya 60% hashingiwe ku musaruro w’ukwezi gushize, naho izindi “Imishinga ibiri Yisumbuye” izashyira mu bikorwa ingamba nko kugabanya imikorere y’ibikorwa bya imirongo yumusaruro no guhagarara itanura ryamazi ya arc kugirango igabanye umusaruro, kugirango habeho kugabanuka kwa 50% muri Nzeri. Yunnan: Hakozwe ibice bibiri byo kugabanya amashanyarazi kandi bizakomeza kwiyongera mubikurikirana. Impuzandengo ya buri kwezi y’inganda za silicon yinganda kuva muri Nzeri kugeza Ukuboza ntabwo iri hejuru ya 10% yumusaruro muri Kanama (ni ukuvuga ko umusaruro wagabanutseho 90%); Kuva muri Nzeri kugeza Ukuboza, impuzandengo ya buri kwezi yumusaruro wa fosifori yumuhondo ntishobora kurenga 10% y'ibisohoka muri Kanama 2021 (ni ukuvuga, umusaruro uzagabanukaho 90%). Google Shandong igenzura inshuro ebyiri ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, aho ibura rya buri munsi ry’amasaha 9; Nk’uko byatangajwe hakiri kare itangazo ry’isosiyete itanga amashanyarazi ya Rizhao, ngo amakara yo mu Ntara ya Shandong ntahagije, kandi buri munsi hakabura kilowati 100.000-200.000. Rizhao. Igihe nyamukuru kibaho ni kuva 15: 00 kugeza 24: 00, kandi ibitagenda neza bikageza muri Nzeri, kandi ingamba zo kubuza ingufu ziratangira. Jiangsu: Mu nama y’ishami ry’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu Ntara ya Jiangsu mu ntangiriro za Nzeri, yasabwe gukora igenzura ridasanzwe ryo kuzigama ingufu ku bigo bifite ingufu zikoreshwa buri mwaka hejuru ya toni 50.000 z’amakara asanzwe.Ibikorwa bidasanzwe byo kugenzura ingufu zizigama ingufu ikubiyemo ibigo 323 bifite ingufu zikoreshwa buri mwaka zikoresha toni zirenga 50.000 naho imishinga 29 ifite imishinga “ibiri yo hejuru” yatangijwe byuzuye. Ahantu ho gukusanya icapiro no gusiga irangi hasohotse itangazo ryo guhagarika umusaruro, kandi ibigo birenga 1.000 "byatangiye bibiri bihagarika bibiri".

Zhejiang:Inganda zingenzi zikoresha ingufu mububasha zizakoresha amashanyarazi kugirango igabanye umutwaro, naho inganda zingenzi zikoresha ingufu zizahagarika umusaruro, biteganijwe ko zizahagarara kugeza 30 Nzeri.

Anhui yazigamye amashanyarazi angana na miliyoni 2.5, kandi intara yose ikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bukwiye: Ibiro by’itsinda rishinzwe ingwate n’itangwa ry’ingufu mu Ntara ya Anhui ryatangaje ko mu ntara yose hazabaho icyuho cy’amashanyarazi n’ibisabwa. Ku ya 22 Nzeri, biteganijwe ko umutwaro ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi mu ntara yose uzaba miliyoni 36 kilowat, kandi hakaba hari icyuho cya kilowati zigera kuri miliyoni 2.5 mu buringanire hagati yo gutanga amashanyarazi n'ibisabwa, bityo ibintu bitangwa n'ibisabwa bikabije. . Hafashwe umwanzuro wo gutangiza gahunda yo gukoresha amashanyarazi muri iyo ntara guhera ku ya 22 Nzeri.

Guangdong:Guangdong Power Grid yavuze ko izashyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gukoresha amashanyarazi “gutangira no guhagarara bitanu” guhera ku ya 16 Nzeri, ikanashyira mu bikorwa impinduka zidasanzwe buri cyumweru, Ku wa mbere, Ku wa kabiri, Ku wa kabiri, Ku wa gatatu no ku wa kane. Ku minsi itari mike, gusa umutwaro wumutekano uzabikwa, kandi umutwaro wumutekano uri munsi ya 15% yumutwaro wose!

Ibigo byinshi byatangaje ko bizahagarika umusaruro kandi bikagabanya umusaruro.

Bitewe na politiki yo kugenzura ibintu bibiri, ibigo bitandukanye byatanze amatangazo yo guhagarika umusaruro no kugabanya umusaruro.

Ku ya 24 Nzeri, Isosiyete ya Limin yatangaje ko Limin Chemical, ishami ryayo yose, yahagaritse by'agateganyo umusaruro kugira ngo ishobore “kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry'ingufu” mu karere. Ku gicamunsi cyo ku ya 23 Nzeri, Jinji yatangaje ko vuba aha, Komite Nyobozi ya Taixing Zone y’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu Ntara ya Jiangsu yemeye icyifuzo cyo “kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry’ingufu” mu nzego zo mu nzego zo hejuru, anasaba ko ibigo bireba muri parike bigomba shyira mu bikorwa ingamba nka "guhagarika ibicuruzwa by'agateganyo" no "guhagarika ibicuruzwa by'agateganyo" .Nubufatanye bukomeye bw'isosiyete, Jinyun Dyestuff na Jinhui Chemical, amashami yose afite muri parike, yabaye by'agateganyo mu musaruro kuva ku ya 22 Nzeri. Ku mugoroba, Nanjing Chemical Fiber yatangaje ko kubera ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, Jiangsu Jinling Cellulose Fiber Co., Ltd., ishami ryayo yose, yahagaritse by'agateganyo kuva ku ya 22 Nzeri kandi biteganijwe ko izongera umusaruro muri ntangiriro z'Ukwakira. Ku ya 22 Nzeri, Yingfeng yatangaje ko, Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikibazo cy’ibicuruzwa by’amakara no guharanira ko umusaruro utekanye kandi utunganijwe w’inganda zitanga ubushyuhe n’ibicuruzwa, isosiyete yahagaritse by'agateganyo umusaruro ku ya 22-23 Nzeri. Byongeye kandi, ibigo 10 byashyizwe ku rutonde, birimo Chenhua, Hongbaoli, Xidamen, Tianyuan na * ST Chengxing, byatangaje ibibazo bifitanye isano no guhagarika umusaruro w’ibigo byabo ndetse n’umusaruro muke kubera “kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry’ingufu”.

Impamvu zo kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi, umusaruro muke no guhagarika.

1. Kubura amakara n'amashanyarazi.

Muri rusange, guhagarika amashanyarazi ni ukubura amakara n'amashanyarazi. Ugereranije na 2019, umusaruro w'amakara mu gihugu ntiwiyongereye cyane, mu gihe amashanyarazi agenda yiyongera. Ibarura rya Beigang hamwe n’ibarura ry’amakara y’amashanyarazi atandukanye biragaragara ko bigabanutse n'amaso. Impamvu zibura amakara nizi zikurikira:

. Kubera ko amakara akenewe muri uyu mwaka, amakara yari make;

. igiciro cy'urugomero rw'amashanyarazi, kandi urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rufite imbaraga zidahagije zo kongera umusaruro;

.

2. Kuki utakwagura itangwa ry'amakara, ariko ugahagarika amashanyarazi?

Mubyukuri, amashanyarazi yose hamwe muri 2021 ntabwo ari make. Mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka, amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa yose hamwe yari miliyari 3.871.7 kWh, yikubye kabiri Amerika. Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa bwo mu mahanga bwazamutse cyane muri uyu mwaka.

Nk’uko imibare iherutse gushyirwa ahagaragara n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo ibivuga, muri Kanama, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa by’amahanga mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari miliyari 3.43, byiyongereyeho 18.9% umwaka ushize, bigera ku mwaka ushize. gukura kumezi 15 yikurikiranya, bikomeza kwerekana inzira ihamye kandi ihamye. Mu mezi umunani ya mbere, agaciro k’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Bushinwa butumiza mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari miliyari 24.78, byiyongereyeho 23.7% umwaka ushize na 22.8% mu gihe kimwe cya 2019.

Ni ukubera ko ibihugu by’amahanga byibasiwe n’iki cyorezo, kandi nta buryo bwo gutanga umusaruro usanzwe, bityo umurimo w’umusaruro w’igihugu cyacu ukiyongera. Twashobora kuvuga ko muri 2020 ndetse no mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, igihugu cyacu cyemezaga ko ibicuruzwa byinjira ku isi byonyine, bityo ubucuruzi bwacu bwo mu mahanga butagize ingaruka ku cyorezo, ariko bukaba bwiza cyane kuruta amakuru yatumijwe mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga muri 2019. Mugihe ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongera, ni nako ibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa.Icyifuzo cyo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byinshi byiyongereye, kandi izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibyuma kuva mu mpera za 2020 riterwa n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amabuye y’icyuma hamwe n’ibyuma bya Dafu. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro inganda zikora ni ibikoresho fatizo n'amashanyarazi. Hamwe no kongera imirimo y’umusaruro, Ubushinwa bukenera amashanyarazi bukomeje kwiyongera. Kuki tutagura itangwa ry'amakara, ariko tugomba guhagarika amashanyarazi? Ku ruhande rumwe, harakenewe cyane kubyara amashanyarazi.Nyamara, ikiguzi cyo kubyara amashanyarazi nacyo cyiyongereye. Kuva mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, amakara y’imbere mu gihugu n’ibisabwa byari bikomeye, igiciro cy’amakara y’amashyanyarazi ntigifite intege nke mu gihembwe, kandi igiciro cy’amakara cyazamutse cyane kandi gikomeza gukora ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ibiciro by'amakara biri hejuru kandi biragoye kugabanuka, kandi ibiciro by’umusaruro n’igurisha by’inganda zikoresha amakara birazamuka cyane, ibyo bikaba byerekana igitutu cy’imikorere. Nk’uko imibare y’inama y’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ibigaragaza, igiciro cy’amakara asanzwe mu itsinda rinini ry’amashanyarazi cyiyongereyeho 50.5% umwaka ushize, mu gihe igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kitigeze gihinduka. Igihombo cy’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’amakara cyaragutse, kandi amashanyarazi yose akoresha amakara yatakaje amafaranga. Biteganijwe ko uruganda rw'amashanyarazi ruzatakaza amafaranga arenga 0.1 igihe cyose rutanze kilowatt-isaha imwe, kandi rugahomba miliyoni 10 mugihe ruzatanga miliyoni 100 kilowatt-amasaha. Kuri ibyo bigo binini bitanga amashanyarazi, igihombo cya buri kwezi kirenga miliyoni 100. Ku ruhande rumwe, igiciro cy’amakara kiri hejuru, naho ku rundi ruhande, igiciro kireremba cy’igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kiragenzurwa, bityo rero biragoye ko inganda z’amashanyarazi zingana n’ibiciro byazo mu kongera igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kuri interineti. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingufu zimwe ibimera byahitamo kubyara bike cyangwa ntamashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, icyifuzo kinini kizanwa no kwiyongera gutumiza ibyorezo byo hanze ntibishoboka. Ubushobozi bw’umusaruro bwiyongereye kubera gukemura ibicuruzwa byiyongera mu Bushinwa bizaba ibyatsi bya nyuma byo guhonda umubare munini w’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse. Gusa ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bugarukira aho buturuka, kugirango ibigo bimwe byo hasi bidashobora kwaguka buhumyi.Gusa iyo ikibazo cyumuteguro kije mugihe kizaza kirashobora gukingirwa rwose epfo. Ku rundi ruhande, birihutirwa kumenya icyifuzo cyo guhindura inganda. Mu rwego rwo gukuraho ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wasubiye inyuma no gukora ivugurura ry’impande zombi mu Bushinwa, ntihakenewe gusa kurengera ibidukikije kugira ngo tugere ku ntego ya karuboni ebyiri, ariko kandi ni n’ingirakamaro mu gushyira mu bikorwa inganda. Kuva mu musaruro w’ingufu gakondo kubyara umusaruro uzigama ingufu. Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwagiye bugana kuri iyi ntego, ariko kuva mu mwaka ushize, kubera icyorezo cy’icyorezo, umurimo wo kubyaza umusaruro ibicuruzwa by’ingufu nyinshi mu Bushinwa warushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n’ibisabwa cyane. Hamwe n’icyorezo cy’icyorezo, inganda zikora inganda ku isi zarahagaze, kandi umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa byakozwe byagarutse ku mugabane wa Afurika.Nyamara, ikibazo mu nganda zikora ubu ni uko imbaraga z’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo zigenzurwa n’umurwa mukuru mpuzamahanga, wazamutse kuri bose inzira, mugihe imbaraga zo kugena ibicuruzwa byarangiye zaguye mumatiku yimbere yo kwagura ubushobozi, guhatanira guhahirana. Kuri ubu, inzira imwe rukumbi ni ukugabanya umusaruro, kandi binyuze mu ivugurura ry’impande zombi, kuzamura urwego n’ingufu z’inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa mu rwego rw’inganda ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Igihugu cyacu kizakenera ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane mu gihe kiri imbere, kandi kuzamura agaciro kongerewe ku bicuruzwa by’inganda nicyo cyerekezo kizaza. Kugeza ubu, imishinga myinshi yo mu gihugu mu nzego gakondo yishingikirizaho kugira ngo ibiciro bigabanuke kugira ngo bibeho, bikaba bitabangamiye ihiganwa rusange ry’igihugu cyacu. Imishinga mishya isimburwa nubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma ukurikije igipimo runaka, kandi duhereye kubuhanga bwa tekiniki, Kugira ngo tugabanye gukoresha ingufu n’ibyuka bihumanya by’inganda gakondo, tugomba gushingira ku guhanga udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga no guhindura ibikoresho. Mu gihe gito, kugira ngo intego zashyizweho n’imihindagurikire y’inganda mu Bushinwa, Ubushinwa ntibushobora kwagura amakara y’amakara, kandi kugabanya amashanyarazi n’umusaruro muke ni inzira nyamukuru zo kugera ku cyerekezo cya kabiri cyo kugenzura ingufu zikoreshwa mu nganda gakondo. Byongeye kandi, gukumira ingaruka ziterwa n’ifaranga ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Amerika yacapishije amadorari menshi, Aya madorari ntazashira, bageze mubushinwa. Ibicuruzwa byakozwe n'Ubushinwa, bigurishwa muri Amerika, mu rwego rwo kugura amadorari. Ariko aya madorari ntashobora gukoreshwa mubushinwa. Bagomba kuvunja amafaranga. Ni amadorari angahe ibigo by'Abashinwa byinjiza muri Amerika, Banki y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa izavunjisha amafaranga ahwanye. Nkigisubizo, hariho amafaranga menshi kandi menshi. Umwuzure muri Amerika, wasutswe ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa. Byongeye kandi, imari shingiro mpuzamahanga irasaze kubicuruzwa, kandi umuringa, icyuma, ingano, amavuta, ibishyimbo, nibindi byoroshye kuzamura ibiciro, bityo bigatera ingaruka ziterwa n’ifaranga. Amafaranga ashyushye kuruhande rwo gutanga arashobora kuzamura umusaruro, ariko amafaranga ashyushye kuruhande rwabaguzi arashobora gutuma byoroshye izamuka ryibiciro nifaranga. Kubwibyo rero, kugenzura ikoreshwa ryingufu ntabwo aribisabwa gusa kutabogama kwa karubone, Inyuma yacyo ni intego nziza zigihugu! 3. Isuzuma rya “Kugenzura inshuro ebyiri gukoresha ingufu”

Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, kugira ngo tugere ku ntego ya karuboni ebyiri, isuzuma rya “kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry'ingufu” na “bibiri byo hejuru” ryarakaye, kandi ibisubizo by'isuzuma bizabera ishingiro ryo gusuzuma akazi y'itsinda ry'ubuyobozi ryaho.

Politiki yiswe "kugenzura kabiri ikoreshwa ry'ingufu" bivuga politiki ijyanye no kugenzura kabiri kugenzura ingufu zikoreshwa ningufu zose. Imishinga "ibiri hejuru" ni imishinga ikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi zangiza cyane. Ukurikije ibidukikije, umushinga wa “Hejuru ebyiri” ni amakara, peteroli, imiti, ibyuma n’ibyuma, gushonga ibyuma bidafite amabara, ibikoresho byo kubaka n’ibindi byiciro bitandatu by’inganda.

Ku ya 12 Kanama, Barometero yo kuzuza intego ebyiri zo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu z’akarere mu gice cya mbere cya 2021 cyatanzwe na komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura ryerekanye ko ingufu z’ingufu z’intara icyenda (uturere) i Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Sinayi, Yunnan, Shaanxi na Jiangsu ntabwo byagabanutse ahubwo yazamutse mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umutuku wo mu cyiciro cya mbere gitukura kuburira. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zose, Intara umunani (uturere) zirimo Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Jiangsu na Hubei zashyizwe ku rutonde rw’iburira ritukura. .

Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, haracyari ibibazo bimwe nko kwagura buhumyi imishinga ya “Two Highs” no kuzamuka kw’ingufu aho kugabanuka. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, gukoresha cyane ibipimo byo gukoresha ingufu. Kurugero, kubera icyorezo cy’icyorezo muri 2020, inzego z’ibanze zarihuse kandi zatsindiye imishinga myinshi ikoresha ingufu nyinshi, nka fibre chimique na data center. Mu gice cya kabiri cy'uyu mwaka, imishinga myinshi yari imaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa, bituma hiyongeraho ingufu zose zikoreshwa. Intara n'imijyi icyenda mu by'ukuri bifite ibipimo bibiri byo kugenzura, hafi ya byose bimanikwa n'amatara atukura. Mu gihembwe cya kane, mu gihe kitarenze amezi ane uhereye “umwaka ukomeye” urangiye, uturere twavuzwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho twafashe ingamba nyuma yo kugerageza gukemura ikibazo cy’ingufu zikoreshwa vuba na bwangu kandi irinde kurenza igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu. Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang n’izindi ntara zikomeye z’imiti byagize ingaruka zikomeye.Ibihumbi n’ibigo byafashe ingamba zo guhagarika umusaruro no guhagarika amashanyarazi, byatunguye inganda zaho.

Ingaruka ku nganda gakondo.

Kugeza ubu, kugabanya umusaruro byabaye inzira itaziguye kandi ifatika yo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ahantu hatandukanye. Nyamara, ku nganda nyinshi, impinduka zabaye mu bukungu muri uyu mwaka, ibyorezo by’amahanga mu mahanga ndetse n’ingendo zigoye z’ibicuruzwa byinshi byatumye inganda zitandukanye zihura n’ibibazo bitandukanye, kandi umusaruro muke uzanwa no kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu byongeye kandi. byateje ubwoba. Ku nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, Nubwo mu myaka yashize habaye igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi mu myaka yashize, ibintu byo "gufungura bibiri no guhagarika bitanu", "kugabanya umusaruro ku 90%" no "guhagarika umusaruro n’ibigo ibihumbi n’ibihumbi" byose ntibyigeze bibaho. Niba amashanyarazi akoreshwa mugihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ntabwo rwose buzahuza nibisabwa, kandi ibicuruzwa bizagabanuka gusa, bigatuma itangwa kuruhande rusabwa cyane. Ku nganda zikora imiti zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, Kugeza ubu, ibihe by’impinga ya “Zahabu Nzeri na silver 10 ″ bimaze kuboneka, kandi kugenzura kabiri gukoresha ingufu zidasanzwe bizatuma igabanuka ry’itangwa ry’ingufu nyinshi imiti, n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo amakara na gaze karemano bizakomeza kuzamuka. Biteganijwe ko muri rusange ibiciro by’imiti bizakomeza kuzamuka no kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gihembwe cya kane, kandi inganda nazo zizahura n’umuvuduko wikubye kabiri w’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ibura, kandi ibintu bibi bizakomeza!

Igenzura rya Leta.

1. Hoba hariho ikintu cyo "gutandukana" mukugabanya amashanyarazi manini no kugabanya umusaruro?

Ingaruka zo kugabanuka kw'amashanyarazi ku ruhererekane rw'inganda nta gushidikanya ko zizakomeza koherezwa mu turere twinshi no mu turere, kandi bikazahatira ibigo kurushaho kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bifasha mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ibidukikije mu Bushinwa. Ariko, mugikorwa cyo kugabanya amashanyarazi no kugabanya umusaruro, harikintu cyo kuba kimwe-kimwe-cyose no gutandukana kwakazi? Hashize igihe, abakozi bo muri Erdos No.1 Uruganda rukora imiti mu karere k’imbere mu gihugu cya Mongoliya basabye ubufasha kuri interineti: Vuba aha, ibiro by’amashanyarazi bya Ordos bikunze kugira umuriro w'amashanyarazi, ndetse inshuro nyinshi ku munsi. Byinshi, ifite umuriro w'amashanyarazi inshuro icyenda kumunsi. Kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi bituma itanura ya calcium ya karbide ihagarara, ibyo bigatuma habaho gutangira no guhagarika itanura rya lime kubera itangwa rya gaze ridahagije, kandi bikongerera umutekano muke mubikorwa byo gutwika. Bitewe numuriro w'amashanyarazi wasubiwemo, rimwe na rimwe itanura ya calcium karbide irashobora gukoreshwa gusa nintoki. Hariho itanura rya karisiyumu ya calcium ifite ubushyuhe budahungabana.Iyo kariside ya calcium isohotse, robot irashya. Iyaba yarakozwe n'abantu, ingaruka zaba zidashoboka. Ku nganda zikora imiti, niba hari umuriro utunguranye no kuzimya, harikibazo gikomeye cyumutekano mubikorwa bito. Umuntu ushinzwe ishyirahamwe ry’imbere muri Mongoliya Chlor-Alkali yagize ati: Biragoye guhagarika itanura rya kariside ya calcium no kongera umusaruro nyuma y’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, kandi biroroshye guteza umutekano muke. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukora PVC bwahujwe ninganda za kariside ya calcium ni iy'umutwaro wo mu cyiciro cya mbere, kandi umuriro w'amashanyarazi wongeye gutera impanuka za chlorine, ariko gahunda zose z'umusaruro n'impanuka z'umutekano bwite zishobora guterwa n'impanuka za chlorine ntizishobora gusuzumwa. Nkuko abakozi bo mu nganda z’imiti twavuze haruguru babivuze, umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukunze “ntushobora gukorwa udafite akazi, kandi nta mutekano uhari” .Guhangana byanze bikunze icyiciro gishya cy’ibikoresho fatizo, icyuho cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi hamwe n’ikibazo gishobora “gutandukana” , leta nayo yafashe ingamba zimwe na zimwe kugirango itangwa kandi ihamye ibiciro. . n'inganda. Kongera ingufu za kirimbuzi no kurekura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wateye imbere, gutunganya ibikorwa bijyanye no kubaka imishinga no gutangiza gahunda, gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuzuye mu masezerano yo hagati y’igihe kirekire n’igihe kirekire y’amakara yo kubyara amashanyarazi no gushyushya, gukora amasezerano yo mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire. , ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y'ibiciro mu musaruro w’amakara, ubwikorezi, ubucuruzi n’igurisha, no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bushingiye ku isoko ry’ibiciro “igipimo cy’ibiciro + ihindagurika” ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku makara. Urebye ingorane n’ibibazo byugarije ibigo mu kurekura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wateye imbere, kugenzura imirimo izajya yinjira mu mishinga no mu nzego zibishinzwe, iteze imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibisabwa na “imiyoborere myiza, guha ingufu, gushimangira amabwiriza no kunoza serivisi”, gufasha ibigo guhuza no gukemura ibibazo bigaragara bibangamira irekurwa ry'ubushobozi bw'umusaruro, kandi duharanira kongera amakara no guharanira ko abaturage bakeneye amakara yo kubyaza umusaruro no kubaho babifata nko gufata ibyemezo bijyanye. Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura: 100% y’amashyuza y’amakara mu majyaruguru y’Uburasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa izagerwaho n’igiciro cy’amasezerano yo hagati n’igihe kirekire Mu minsi ishize, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura izategura ishami rishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubukungu mu ntara, inganda zikomeye zitanga amakara mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa , ibirombe by’amakara bifite isoko ryizewe n’inganda zikomeye n’amashanyarazi n’inganda zishyushya amajyaruguru y’Ubushinwa, kandi byibanda ku gukora amasezerano yo hagati y’igihe kirekire n’igihe kirekire y’amakara mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe, kugira ngo yongere umubare w’amakara akoreshwa n’igihe giciriritse na kirekire -amasezerano y'igihe y’amashanyarazi n’inganda zishyushya kugeza ku 100% .Iyongeyeho, mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwemeza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba zashyizweho na Leta kugira ngo itange ingufu n’ibiciro bihamye kandi bigerweho ibisubizo, vuba aha, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura hamwe na Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyohereje itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, ryibanda ku kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki yo kongera umusaruro w’amakara n’ibitangwa, kongera ingufu za kirimbuzi no kurekura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro uhanitse, no gufata ingamba zo kubaka imishinga no gutangiza.Nkuko ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’ibiciro mu gukora amakara, ubwikorezi, ubucuruzi na kugurisha, kugirango hongerwe amakara no kwemeza ko abaturage bakeneye amakara kugirango babone umusaruro no kubaho. 4. Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura: Gukomeza umurongo w’iminsi 7 yo kubika amakara. Nize muri komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n'ivugurura ko kugira ngo amakara atangwe neza kandi ahamye kandi habeho itangwa ry’amashanyarazi y’amakara n’amakara, inzego zibishinzwe zisaba kunoza uburyo bwo kubika amakara y’umutekano y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara, gabanya ububiko bwamakara yinganda zamashanyarazi mugihe cyimpera, kandi ugumane umurongo wumutekano wo kubika amakara muminsi 7. Kugeza ubu, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura hamwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu zashyizeho icyiciro cyihariye cyo kurinda no gutanga amakara y’amashanyarazi, azaba arimo amashanyarazi ashyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kubika amakara atandukanye mu gihe cy’impeshyi kugeza mu urwego rwingenzi rwo kurinda, kugirango tumenye neza ko umurongo wo hasi wumunsi wiminsi 7 ubika amakara meza yumuriro wamashanyarazi ufatwa neza.Iyo iminsi iboneka yo kubara amakara yumuriro itarenze iminsi 7 mugihe cyo gukora uruganda rwamashanyarazi, isoko nyamukuru uburyo bwo gutanga ingwate buzahita butangira, ninzego zibishinzwe nurufunguzo inganda zizatanga ihuzabikorwa n’ingwate mu nkomoko y’amakara n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu.

Umwanzuro:

Uku gukora "umutingito" biragoye kubyirinda. Nyamara, uko igituba kinyuze, hejuru izagenda ikonja buhoro buhoro, kandi ibiciro byibicuruzwa byinshi nabyo bizagabanuka. Ntabwo byanze bikunze amakuru yohereza hanze azagabanuka (ni akaga gakomeye niba amakuru yoherezwa mu mahanga azamuka cyane). Gusa Ubushinwa, igihugu gifite ubukungu bwifashe neza mu bukungu, ni bwo bushobora gukora ubucuruzi bwiza. Kwihutira gukora imyanda, Iyi ni subtext yinganda zikora igihugu. Kugenzura imikoreshereze y’ingufu ntabwo bisabwa gusa kutabogama kwa karubone, ahubwo ni intego nziza yigihugu yo kurinda inganda zikora. ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍