Uburyo bwa okiside yo mu kirere nuburyo bwa okiside ikoresha ogisijeni mu kirere kugirango okisideceriumKuri tetravalent mubihe bimwe.Ubu buryo busanzwe bukubiyemo gutwika fluorocarubone cerium ore yibanze, okisale yisi idasanzwe, na karubone mu kirere (bizwi nka roasting oxyde) cyangwa gutwika hydroxide yisi idasanzwe (okiside yumwuka wumuyaga) cyangwa kwinjiza umwuka mubutaka budasanzwe bwa hydroxide (okiside yumwuka).
1 oxid Gutwika okiside
Gutwika cerium ya fluorocarubone yibanda mu kirere kuri 500 ℃ cyangwa gutwika isi idasanzwe ya Baiyunebo yibanda hamwe na karubone ya sodium mu kirere kuri 600-700 ℃.Mugihe cyo kubora kwamabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe yisi, cerium mumabuye y'agaciro iba okiside kuri tetravalent.Uburyo bwo gutandukanaceriumbivuye mubicuruzwa bibarwa birimo isi idasanzwe sulfate uburyo bubiri bwumunyu, uburyo bwo gukuramo solvent, nibindi.
Usibye okiside ikaranze yaisi idasanzwekwibanda cyane, imyunyu nka oxyde yisi idasanzwe hamwe na karubone yisi idasanzwe yangirika mukirere cyikirere, kandi cerium ihindurwamo CeO2.Kugirango habeho gukemura neza imvange idasanzwe ya oxyde ivanze no gutwika, ubushyuhe bwo gutwika ntibugomba kuba hejuru cyane, mubisanzwe hagati ya 700 na 800 ℃.Oxide irashobora gushonga mumuti wa acide sulfurique 1-1.5mol / L cyangwa umuti wa nitric 4-5mol / L.Iyo usize amabuye akaranze hamwe na acide sulfurike na aside nitric, cerium yinjira cyane mubisubizo muburyo bwa tetravalent.Iyambere ikubiyemo kubona umuti wa sulfate udasanzwe urimo 50g / L REO hafi ya 45 ℃, hanyuma ugatanga dioxyde ya cerium ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvoma P204;Iyanyuma ikubiyemo gutegura nitrate idasanzwe ya nitrate irimo REO ya 150-200g / L ku bushyuhe bwa 80-85 and, hanyuma ugakoresha TBP kugirango ukure cerium.
Iyo okiside idasanzwe yisi yashongeshejwe na acide sulfurike ya acide cyangwa acide nitric, CeO2 ntigishobora gushonga.Kubwibyo, aside nkeya ya hydrofluoric igomba kongerwaho igisubizo nkigisubizo mugihe cyanyuma cyo guseswa kugirango tunonosore imbaraga za CeO2.
2 、 Umwuka wumwuka
Shira isi ya hydroxide idasanzwe mu itanura ryumye hanyuma uyisige mu kirere gihumeka kuri 100-120 ℃ mu masaha 16-24.Imyuka ya okiside ni iyi ikurikira:
4Ce (OH) 3 + O2 + 2H2O = 4Ce (OH) 4
Igipimo cya okiside ya cerium gishobora kugera kuri 97%.Niba ubushyuhe bwa okiside bwiyongereye kugera kuri 140 ℃, igihe cya okiside gishobora kugabanywa kugeza ku masaha 4-6, kandi igipimo cya okiside ya cerium nacyo gishobora kugera kuri 97% ~ 98%.Umwuka wo guhumeka umwuka wumye utanga umukungugu mwinshi hamwe nakazi keza, ubu bikoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire.
3 、 Umwuka wo mu kirere utose
Kuvanga hydroxide yisi idasanzwe namazi kugirango ube umuyonga, ugenzure ubunini bwa REO kuri 50-70g / L, ongeramo NaOH kugirango wongere alkaline ya slurry kuri 0.15-0.30mol / L, kandi iyo ushyutswe kuri 85 ℃, winjiza umwuka muburyo butaziguye okiside cerium zose zingana muri slurry to tetravalent cerium.Mugihe cya okiside, guhumeka kwamazi ni nini cyane, kubwibyo umubare munini wamazi ugomba kongerwaho igihe icyo aricyo cyose kugirango isi idahungabana.Iyo 40L ya slurry iba oxyde muri buri cyiciro, igihe cya okiside ni amasaha 4-5, naho okiside ya cerium irashobora kugera kuri 98%.Iyo 8m3 yubutaka budasanzwe hydroxide slurry iba oxyde buri gihe, umuvuduko wumwuka ni 8-12m3 / min, kandi igihe cya okiside cyiyongera kuri 15h, igipimo cya okiside ya cerium gishobora kugera kuri 97% ~ 98%.
Ibiranga uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere cyo mu kirere ni: umuvuduko mwinshi wa okiside ya cerium, umusaruro mwinshi, akazi keza, imikorere yoroshye, kandi ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda kugirango habeho dioxyde de cerium.
4 、 Umuyaga mwinshi wa okiside
Mugihe cyumuvuduko usanzwe, okiside yumwuka ifata igihe kirekire, kandi abantu bagabanya igihe cya okiside bakoresheje igitutu.Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w'ikirere, ni ukuvuga kwiyongera k'umuvuduko ukabije wa ogisijeni muri sisitemu, bifasha mu gushonga kwa ogisijeni mu gisubizo no gukwirakwiza ogisijeni ku butaka bwo gukwirakwiza uduce duto duto twa hydroxide, bityo byihutisha inzira ya okiside.
Kuvanga hydroxide yisi idasanzwe n'amazi kugeza kuri 60g / L, hindura pH kuri 13 hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium, uzamure ubushyuhe bugera kuri 80 ℃, winjize umwuka wa okiside, ugenzure umuvuduko wa 0.4MPa, hanyuma uhindure isaha 1.Igipimo cya okiside ya cerium gishobora kugera hejuru ya 95%.Mu musaruro nyirizina, okiside yibikoresho bidasanzwe hydroxide yisi iboneka muguhindura alkali binyuze mumvura yubutaka budasanzwe sodium sulfate yumunyu mwinshi.Kugirango bigabanye inzira, imvura yubutaka budasanzwe sodium sulfate yumunyu mwinshi hamwe nigisubizo cya alkaline irashobora kongerwaho mumatara ya okiside yumuvuduko ukabije, bikomeza umuvuduko nubushyuhe runaka.Umwuka cyangwa umwuka wa ogisijeni urashobora kwinjizwa kugirango uhindure isi idasanzwe mumunyu mwinshi uhindurwe hydroxide yisi idasanzwe, kandi mugihe kimwe, Ce (OH) 3 muri yo irashobora kuba okiside kuri Ce (OH) 4.
Mugihe cyumuvuduko, umuvuduko wa alkali yumunyu mwinshi, igipimo cya okiside ya cerium, nigipimo cya okiside ya cerium byose biratera imbere.Nyuma yiminota 45 yo kubyitwaramo, igipimo cyo guhindura umunyu wikubye kabiri alkali hamwe na okiside ya cerium yageze hejuru ya 96%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2023