arium, element 56 yimbonerahamwe yigihe.
Barium hydroxide, barium chloride, barium sulfate… ni reagent cyane mubitabo by'amashuri yisumbuye.Mu 1602, abahanga mu bya alchemiste bo mu burengerazuba bavumbuye ibuye rya Bologna (nanone ryitwa “ibuye ry'izuba”) rishobora gutanga urumuri.Ubu bwoko bw'amabuye afite kristu ntoya ya luminescent, izajya itanga urumuri nyuma yo guhura nizuba.Ibyo biranga byashimishije abapfumu na alchemiste.Mu 1612, umuhanga Julio Cesare Lagara yasohoye igitabo “De Phenomenis muri Orbe Lunae”, cyanditse impamvu yo kumurika ibuye rya Bologna rikomoka ku bice nyamukuru byaryo, barite (BaSO4).Icyakora, mu mwaka wa 2012, raporo zagaragaje ko impamvu nyayo yatumaga amabuye ya Bologna yamurika yaturutse kuri barium sulfide yometse kuri ion z'umuringa zingana kandi zingana.Mu 1774, umuhanga mu by'imiti wo muri Suwede Scheler yavumbuye oxyde ya barium maze ayita “Baryta” (isi iremereye), ariko barium y'icyuma ntiyigeze iboneka.Mu 1808 ni bwo umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Ubwongereza David yabonye icyuma gike cyo muri barite binyuze muri electrolysis, yari barium.Nyuma yaje kwitirirwa ijambo ry'ikigereki barys (riremereye) n'ikimenyetso cy'ibanze Ba.Izina ry'igishinwa “Ba” rikomoka ku nkoranyamagambo ya Kangxi, bisobanura ubutare bw'umuringa budashonga.
Barium icyumairakora cyane kandi byoroshye gufata umwuka n'amazi.Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho imyuka ya gaze mumiyoboro ya vacuum hamwe nigituba cyamashusho, kimwe no gukora amavuta, fireworks hamwe na reaction za kirimbuzi.Mu 1938, abahanga bavumbuye barium igihe biga ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa nyuma yo gutera ibisasu bya uraniyumu na neutron zitinda, bakavuga ko barium igomba kuba kimwe mu bicuruzwa biva mu kirere cya uranium.Nubwo hari byinshi byavumbuwe kubyuma bya barium, abantu baracyakoresha ibibyimba byinshi.
Ihuriro ryambere ryakoreshejwe ni barite - barium sulfate.Turashobora kubisanga mubikoresho byinshi bitandukanye, nka pigment yera mubipapuro byamafoto, irangi, plastike, ibinyabiziga bitwikiriye, beto, sima irwanya imirasire, ubuvuzi, nibindi cyane cyane mubuvuzi, barium sulfate ni "ifunguro rya barium" twe kurya mugihe cya gastroscopi.Ifunguro rya Barium “- ifu yera idafite impumuro nziza kandi itaryoshye, idashonga mumazi namavuta, kandi ntizakirwa na mucosa gastrointestinal, cyangwa ntizaterwa na aside igifu nandi mazi yumubiri.Bitewe na coefficente nini ya atome ya barium, irashobora kubyara ingaruka zamafoto hamwe na X-ray, ikwirakwiza X-ray, kandi igatera igihu kuri firime nyuma yo kunyura mubice byumuntu.Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere itandukaniro ryerekana, kugirango ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo zifite kandi zidafite itandukaniro zishobora kwerekana itandukaniro ritandukanye ryumukara numweru kuri firime, kugirango bigere kubikorwa byubugenzuzi, kandi byerekana rwose impinduka ziterwa nindwara zumubiri.Barium ntabwo ari ikintu cyingenzi kubantu, kandi sulfate ya barium sulfate ikoreshwa mumafunguro ya barium, ntabwo rero izagira ingaruka zikomeye kumubiri wumuntu.
Ariko ubundi imyunyu ngugu ya barium, barium karubone, iratandukanye.Gusa mwizina ryayo, umuntu arashobora kuvuga ibibi byayo.Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yacyo na barium sulfate ni uko ibora mumazi na aside, ikabyara ion nyinshi, biganisha kuri hypokalemia.Uburozi bukabije bwa barium umunyu ni gake cyane, akenshi biterwa no gufatwa kubwimpanuka yumunyu wa barium ushonga.Ibimenyetso bisa na gastroenteritis ikaze, birasabwa rero kujya mubitaro kwisuzumisha gastric cyangwa gufata sodium sulfate cyangwa sodium thiosulfate kugirango yanduze.Ibimera bimwe bifite umurimo wo gukurura no kwegeranya barium, nka algae yicyatsi, bisaba barium gukura neza;Imbuto za Berezile nazo zirimo 1% barium, ni ngombwa rero kuzikoresha mu rugero.Nubwo bimeze bityo, witherite iracyafite uruhare runini mu gukora imiti.Nibigize glaze.Iyo uhujwe nizindi oxyde, irashobora kandi kwerekana ibara ridasanzwe, rikoreshwa nkibikoresho bifasha mubutaka bwa ceramic hamwe nikirahure cya optique.
Ubushakashatsi bwa chimique endothermic reaction busanzwe bukorwa na barix hydroxide: nyuma yo kuvanga hydroxide ikomeye ya barium n'umunyu wa amonium, hashobora kubaho reaction ikomeye ya endothermic.Niba ibitonyanga bike byamazi bimanutse munsi yikintu, urubura rwakozwe namazi rushobora kuboneka, ndetse nibice byikirahure birashobora gukonjeshwa bikomekwa munsi yikintu.Barium hydroxide ifite alkaline ikomeye kandi ikoreshwa nkumusemburo wo guhuza insina ya fenolike.Irashobora gutandukanya no kugwa ion sulfate no gukora umunyu wa barium.Kubyerekeranye nisesengura, kugena ibirimo karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone mu kirere hamwe nisesengura ryinshi rya chlorophyll bisaba gukoresha hydroxide ya barium.Mu musaruro wumunyu wa barium, abantu bavumbuye uburyo bushimishije cyane: gusana ibicapo nyuma yumwuzure wabereye i Florence mu 1966 byarangiye ubyitwayemo na gypsumu (calcium sulfate) kugirango ubyare sulfate.
Ibindi barium irimo ibice nabyo byerekana ibintu bitangaje, nkibintu bifotora bya barium titanate;Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane bwa YBa2Cu3O7, kimwe nibara ryicyatsi kibisi cyumunyu wa barium mumashanyarazi, byose byabaye ibintu byingenzi bigize barium.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2023