Inkomoko: Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru ya Cailian
Vuba aha, i Ganzhou ihuriro rya gatatu ry’Ubushinwa Rare ku Isi Urunigi. Umunyamakuru w’ikigo cy’amakuru cya Cailian yize muri iyo nama ko inganda zitezeho icyizere ko izamuka ry’ubutaka budasanzwe muri uyu mwaka, kandi ko riteganya ko hajyaho uburyo bwo kugenzura umubare w’ubutaka budasanzwe ndetse no gukomeza ibiciro by’isi bidasanzwe. Ariko, kubera koroshya inzitizi zitangwa, ibiciro byisi bidasanzwe birashobora gukomeza kugabanuka.
Ibiro ntaramakuru bya Cailian, 29 Werurwe (Umunyamakuru Wang Bin) Igiciro na kwota ni amagambo abiri yingenzi mugutezimbere inganda zidasanzwe kwisi mumyaka mike ishize. Vuba aha, i Ganzhou ihuriro rya gatatu ry’Ubushinwa Rare ku Isi Urunigi. Umunyamakuru w’ikigo cy’amakuru cya Cailian yize muri iyo nama ko inganda zitezeho icyizere ko izamuka ry’ubutaka budasanzwe muri uyu mwaka, kandi ko riteganya ko hajyaho uburyo bwo kugenzura umubare w’ubutaka budasanzwe ndetse no gukomeza ibiciro by’isi bidasanzwe. Ariko, kubera koroshya inzitizi zitangwa, ibiciro byisi bidasanzwe birashobora gukomeza kugabanuka.
Byongeye kandi, impuguke nyinshi muri iyo nama zagaragaje ko inganda zidasanzwe zo mu gihugu zikeneye gutera intambwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze. Liu Gang, umwe mu bagize komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura akaba n’umuyobozi wungirije w’Umujyi wa Qiqihar, mu Ntara ya Heilongjiang, yagize ati: “Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa budasanzwe bwo gucukura ubutaka bw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro ndetse no gushonga, bugenda butera imbere ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ariko mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya by’ubutaka bidasanzwe ndetse n’inganda zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ibanze, biracyari inyuma y’urwego mpuzamahanga ruteye imbere.
Ntibisanzwe ibiciro byisi birashobora gukomeza kugabanuka
Ati: “Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imigambi ibiri ya karubone ryihutishije iterambere ry’inganda nk’umuyaga w’umuyaga n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, bituma habaho kwiyongera gukabije kw’ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ahantu hanini cyane hakoreshwa imikoreshereze y’ubutaka budasanzwe. Icyakora, mu myaka yashize, ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugenzura umubare w’ubutaka budasanzwe ku buryo runaka byananiwe kugera ku izamuka ry’ibikenewe ku isoko, kandi hari isoko ry’ibisabwa ndetse n’ibisabwa ku isoko.” Umuntu udasanzwe w'inganda zijyanye n'isi yavuze.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Chen Zhanheng, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zidasanzwe mu Bushinwa, ngo umutungo utangwa wabaye imbogamizi mu iterambere ry’inganda zidasanzwe z’Ubushinwa. Yavuze inshuro nyinshi ko politiki rusange yo kugenzura amafaranga yabujije cyane iterambere ry’inganda zidasanzwe ku isi, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko duharanira ko hajyaho igenzura ry’imisoro yose y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe ku isi, bityo bigatuma inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe ku isi nka Rare Earth y'Amajyaruguru na Sichuan Jiangtong zitunganya umusaruro wazo zishingiye ku bushobozi bwazo bwite, ku butaka budasanzwe bw'ubutaka, ndetse no ku isoko.
Ku ya 24 Werurwe, “Itangazo ku bipimo ngenderwaho byose byo kugenzura umubare w’icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, Guconga, no Gutandukana mu 2023 ″, hashyizweho ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugenzura amafaranga byiyongereyeho 18,69% ugereranije n’icyiciro kimwe cyo mu 2022. Wang Ji, Umuyobozi w’ibipimo bidasanzwe by’amabuye y’amabuye y’amabuye y’ubutaka hamwe n’ibyuma by’ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Shanghai. kwiyongera hafi 10% kugeza kuri 15% mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka.
Igitekerezo cya Wang Ji ni uko umubano uri hagati yo gutanga no gukenera praseodymium na neodymium wahindutse, uburyo bwo gutanga isoko ya praseodymium na okiside ya neodymium bwaragabanutse, kuri ubu hari ibicuruzwa bitarenze urugero, kandi amabwiriza yatanzwe n’amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho bya magnetiki yamanutse atujuje ibyateganijwe. Ibiciro bya Praseodymium na neodymium amaherezo bikenera inkunga yabaguzi. Kubwibyo, igiciro cyigihe gito cya praseodymium na neodymium kiracyiganjemo ihinduka ridakomeye, kandi ihindagurika ryibiciro bya praseodymium na neodymium oxyde biteganijwe ko ari miliyoni 48-62 / toni.
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zidasanzwe mu Bushinwa, kugeza ku ya 27 Werurwe, impuzandengo ya oxyde ya praseodymium na neodymium yari 553000 yuan / toni, ikamanuka 1/3 ugereranyije n’igiciro cy’umwaka ushize kandi ikaba yari hafi ku gipimo mpuzandengo muri Werurwe 2021. Abantu benshi bizera mu nganda ko uduce tumwe na tumwe twagaragaye kugira ngo twiyongere mu gukenera isi idasanzwe ya magneti ihoraho muri uyu mwaka ni ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bihindura imashanyarazi, hamwe na robo y’inganda, mu gihe utundi turere ahanini tugabanuka.
Liu Jing, Visi Perezida w’Urugaga rw’ibyuma n’ibyuma bya Shanghai, yagaragaje ati: “Ku bijyanye n’amahuriro, biteganijwe ko umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa mu bijyanye n’ingufu z’umuyaga, ubukonje bw’ikirere, na Cs eshatu bizagenda gahoro, gahunda y’ibicuruzwa bizagenda bigabanuka, kandi ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo bizakomeza kwiyongera, mu gihe kwemerwa kw’ibicuruzwa bizagenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, bitume ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bizakomeza kugabanuka kandi bitume ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikomeza kugabanuka. ntibihagije. ”
Liu Gang yagaragaje ko mu myaka yashize, habaye izamuka rikomeye ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe by’ubutaka, ibyo bikaba byaratumye izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’umusaruro w’inganda zinyuma mu rwego rw’inganda, igabanuka rikabije ry’inyungu cyangwa igihombo gikomeye, bigatuma habaho “kugabanuka kw’umusaruro cyangwa byanze bikunze, gusimbuza cyangwa gutabarwa”, bigira ingaruka ku iterambere rirambye ry’urunani rw’inganda zidasanzwe. Ati: "Uruganda rudasanzwe rw’inganda rufite imiyoboro myinshi itanga iminyururu, iminyururu ndende, n’impinduka zihuse. Kunoza uburyo bw’ibiciro by’inganda zidasanzwe ku isi ntibifasha gusa kugabanya ibiciro no kongera umusaruro mu nganda, ahubwo binateza imbere guhangana n’inganda."
Chen Zhanheng yemera ko igiciro cy'isi idasanzwe gishobora gukomeza kugabanuka. Ati: "Biragoye ko inganda zo hasi zemera igiciro cya oxyde ya praseodymium neodymium irenga 800000 kuri toni, kandi ntabwo byemewe ko inganda zikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga zirenga 600000 kuri toni. Ibicuruzwa byatejwe cyamunara biheruka kugurishwa mu isoko ry’imigabane ni ikimenyetso gisobanutse neza: mu bihe byashize, habaye kwihutira kugura, ariko ubu nta muntu wagura."
"Ubucukuzi no gucuruza hejuru" bidashoboka kugarura isi idasanzwe
Ntibisanzwe gutunganya isi birahinduka indi soko yingenzi yo gutanga isi idasanzwe. Wang Ji yagaragaje ko mu 2022, umusaruro wa praseodymium na neodymium wongeye gukoreshwa wagize 42% by’icyuma cya praseodymium na neodymium. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na Shanghai Steel Union (300226. SZ), umusaruro w’imyanda ya NdFeB mu Bushinwa uzagera kuri toni 70000 mu 2022.
Byumvikane ko ugereranije n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bisa biva mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye, gutunganya no gukoresha imyanda idasanzwe y’ubutaka bifite ibyiza byinshi: inzira ngufi, igiciro gito, no kugabanya “imyanda itatu”. Ikoresha neza umutungo, igabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, kandi irinda neza umutungo w’ubutaka budasanzwe mu gihugu.
Liu Weihua, Umuyobozi w’ikoranabuhanga rya Huahong (002645. SZ) akaba n’umuyobozi wa Anxintai Technology Co., Ltd., yerekanye ko ubutunzi budasanzwe bw’isi ari umutungo wihariye. Mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bya magnetiki ya neodymium boron, bigera kuri 25% kugeza 30% byimyanda yo mu mfuruka, kandi buri toni ya praseodymium na neodymium oxyde yagaruwe ihwanye na toni zitarenga 10000 zubutaka budasanzwe ion cyangwa toni 5 zubutaka budasanzwe.
Liu Weihua yavuze ko ingano ya neodymium, fer, na boron yakuwe mu binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bifite ibiziga bibiri kuri ubu birenga toni 10000, kandi gusenya ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bifite ibiziga bibiri biziyongera cyane mu gihe kiri imbere. Ati: "Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, ibarura rusange ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi zifite ibiziga bibiri mu Bushinwa rigera kuri miliyoni 200, kandi buri mwaka umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bifite ibinyabiziga bigera kuri miliyoni 50. Hamwe n’ingamba za politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije, leta izihutisha kurandura batiyeri-acide ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bibiri byakozwe mu cyiciro cya mbere, kandi biteganijwe ko gusenya ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bibiri.”
Liu Weihua yagize ati: "Ku ruhande rumwe, Leta ikomeje gusukura no gukosora imishinga idasanzwe yo gutunganya umutungo w’ubutaka mu buryo butemewe kandi butubahirizwa, kandi izahagarika imishinga imwe n'imwe itunganya ibicuruzwa. Ku rundi ruhande, amatsinda manini n’amasoko y’imari yabigizemo uruhare, bikabaha amahirwe yo guhatanira amasoko. Kubaho kw’ibikwiye bizagenda byongera buhoro buhoro kwibanda ku nganda."
Nk’uko umunyamakuru wo mu kigo cya Cailian News Agency abitangaza ngo kuri ubu hari ibigo bigera kuri 40 bigira uruhare mu gutandukanya ibikoresho bya neodymium, ibyuma, na boron bitunganyirizwa mu gihugu hose, bifite umusaruro wa toni zirenga 60000 za REO. Muri byo, inganda eshanu za mbere zitunganya ibicuruzwa mu nganda zingana na 70% by’ubushobozi bwo gukora.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko uruganda rwa neodymium fer boron rutunganya ubu rufite ikibazo cyo "kugura no kugurisha inyuma", ni ukuvuga kugura byinshi no kugurisha bike.
Liu Weihua yavuze ko kuva mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'umwaka ushize, gutunganya imyanda idasanzwe ku isi ahanini byari mu bihe bikomeye, bikabuza cyane iterambere ry'inganda. Ku bwa Liu Weihua, hari impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi zitera iki kibazo: kwagura cyane ubushobozi bw'umusaruro w'inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa, kugabanuka kw'ibisabwa mu kirere, no kwemeza uburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma n'imyanda n'amatsinda manini kugira ngo bigabanye isoko ry'imyanda.
Liu Weihua yagaragaje ko ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kugarura isi budasanzwe mu gihugu hose ari toni 60000, kandi mu myaka yashize, bugamije kongera ubushobozi bwa toni hafi 80000, ibyo bikaba byaviriyemo ubushobozi bukabije. Ati: “Ibi bikubiyemo guhindura tekinike no kwagura ubushobozi buriho, ndetse n'ubushobozi bushya bw'itsinda ridasanzwe ry'isi.”
Ku bijyanye n’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byongera gukoreshwa muri uyu mwaka, Wang Ji yizera ko kuri ubu, amabwiriza yatanzwe n’amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho bya rukuruzi atigeze ahinduka, kandi no kongera imyanda ni bike. Biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa oxyde uva mumyanda utazahinduka cyane.
Umwe mu bari mu nganda utarashatse ko izina rye ritangazwa yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru bya Cailian ko “ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gucuruza hejuru” byo gutunganya isi bidasanzwe bidashoboka. Hamwe no gukomeza kugabanuka kwibiciro byisi bidasanzwe, ibi bintu biteganijwe ko bizahinduka. Umunyamakuru w'ikigo gishinzwe amakuru cya Cailian yamenye ko kuri ubu, Ganzhou Waste Alliance iteganya kugura hamwe ibikoresho fatizo ku giciro gito. Umwe mu bagize uruganda yagize ati: "Umwaka ushize, imyanda myinshi yarahagaritswe cyangwa igabanywa mu musaruro, none ubu imyanda iracyari ishyaka ryiganje".
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-30-2023