Cerium ni umuvandimwe wa 'mukuru wa' 'mumuryango munini wisi idasanzwe yisi. Ubwa mbere, ubwinshi bwisi idasanzwe muri crust ni 238ppm, hamwe na cerium kuri 68ppm, kubara 28% byisi yose yisi yose hamwe nurwego rwabanje; Icya kabiri, Cerium nicyo kintu cya kabiri cy'isi cyavumbuwe nyuma yimyaka icyenda nyuma yo kuvumbura ytrike (1794). Porogaramu yacyo ni nini cyane, kandi "cerium" ntishobora guhagarara
Kuvumbura cerium element
Carl Auer von WelSbach
Cerium yavumbuwe kandi yitwa 1803 n'Ubudage Kloppers, Chemade j ö NS Jakob Berzelius, na Mineralogiste ya Suwede Wilhelm. Yitwa Ceria, kandi ore yitwa Ceseti, yo kwibuka ceres, asteroid yavumbuye mu 1801. Mubyukuri, ubu bwoko bwa cerium yasenyutse ni cerimium 76%, mugihe ibisigaye ni ibice bya calcium, ibyuma, nayttrium.
Gukoresha mbere cerium byari umuriro wa gaze wahimbwe na chedialiste ya Otirishiya Carl auer von welsbach. Mu 1885, yagerageje kuvanga magnesium, Lanthanum, na Ytrike, na Ytrike, ariko izi nvange yasohotse urumuri rw'icyatsi nta ntsinzi.
Mu 1891, yasanze oriride nziza ya thorium yabyaye urumuri rwiza, nubwo yari ubururu, kandi ivanze na cerium (iv) yatangaga urumuri rwera. Mubyongeyeho, Cerium (IV) oxide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumusemburo kuri thorim oxide
Cerium icyuma
★ Cerium ni umutuku kandi woroshye ibyuma byera bifite imiterere ikora. Iyo uhuye numwuka, bizaba imbohe, bigize ingese nko gukuramo oxide. Iyo ashyushye, yaka kandi akagira icyo yitwara vuba n'amazi. Santimetero nini ingana na cerium icyuma cyiza rwose mugihe cyumwaka umwe. Irinde guhura n'umwuka, ibimama bikomeye, acide ikomeye, na halogens.
★ Cerium ahanini ibaho muri Monazite na Basnaesute, kimwe no mu bicuruzwa bya Urani, Thorium, na Plutonium. Byangiza ibidukikije, kwitabwaho bidasanzwe bigomba kwishyurwa kwanduza imibiri y'amazi.
★ Cerium ni ikintu kinini cya 26 cyinshi, kubara 68ppm yinkone yisi, icya kabiri gusa kumuringa gusa (68ppm). Cerium ni nyinshi kuruta imiterere isanzwe nka sasita (13PM) na TIN (2.1ppm).
Iboneza rya electron
Gahunda ya elegitoroniki:
1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P66S2 4f1 5D1
★ Cerium iherereye nyuma ya Lanthanum kandi ifite electron 4f itangirira kuri cerium, yoroshye kwitabira imiti. Ariko, 5d orbil ya cerium yagarutsweho, kandi iyi ngaruka ntabwo ikomeye muri cerium.
★ Nyiricyubahiro cyane arashobora gukoresha electron eshatu nka Valence Electron, usibye cerium, ifite imiterere ya elegitoroniki. Ingufu za electron ya 4f hafi kimwe na 5d electron ya electron yagabanutse mubikorwa byicyuma, kandi imbaraga nkeya zikenewe kugirango uhindure umwuga wa elegitoroniki, bikavamo agaciro ka kabiri ka + 3 na + 4. Leta isanzwe ni + 3 galence, yerekana + 4 igorofa mumazi ya Anaerobic.
Gushyira mu bikorwa cerium
★ irashobora gukoreshwa nkabahuriye no gukora umusaruro wa cerium, nibindi.
★ Irashobora gukoreshwa nkikirahure cyongeyeho gukuramo ultraviolet hamwe nimirasire yaka, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubirahure byimodoka.
★ Birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byiza byo kurinda ibidukikije, kandi kuri ubu ni uhagarariye ibyuma byifashishwa, birinda gaze nini ya gaze nini yo gusohoka mu kirere.
Umucyoibintu bidasanzwe byisiAhagizwe ahanini na cerium nkabahangange ibihingwa bitera imbaraga, kongera umusaruro, no kuzamura ibihingwa bitesha umutwe.
★ Ceyium Sulfide irashobora gusimbuza ibyuma nka sasita na cadmium byangiza ibidukikije hamwe nabantu bo muri pigment, barashobora kandi gukoreshwa mumata hamwe ninganda.
★Cerium (iv) oxideIrashobora gukoreshwa nkibigo byo gusya, kurugero, mumiti ya chimique-cmmp).
Cerium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika hydrogen, ibikoresho bya thermoectlic, ibikoresho bya Cemique, ibikoresho bya lisansi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho bitandukanye byamavuza.
Igihe cyohereza: Jul-03-2023