Cerium ni 'umuvandimwe mukuru' utavugwaho rumwe mu muryango mugari w'isi idasanzwe.Ubwa mbere, ubwinshi bwubutaka budasanzwe mubutaka ni 238ppm, hamwe na cerium kuri 68ppm, bingana na 28% byubutaka budasanzwe kandi biza kumwanya wa mbere;Icya kabiri, cerium nikintu cya kabiri kidasanzwe cyisi cyavumbuwe nyuma yimyaka icyenda ivumbuwe yttrium (1794).Porogaramu yayo ni nini cyane, kandi "cerium" ntishobora guhagarara
Ivumburwa rya Cerium Element
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Cerium yavumbuwe kandi yitirirwa mu 1803 n’umudage Kloppers, umuhanga mu bya shimi wo muri Suwede J ö ns Jakob Berzelius, n’umucukuzi w’amabuye y'agaciro wo muri Suwede Wilhelm Hisinger.Yitwa ceria, naho ubutare bwayo bwitwa cerite, mu rwego rwo kwibuka Ceres, asteroide yavumbuwe mu 1801. Mubyukuri, ubu bwoko bwa cerium silikate ni umunyu uhumeka urimo 66% kugeza kuri 70%, mugihe ibindi bisigaye ari calcium. , icyuma, nayttrium.
Ikoreshwa rya mbere rya cerium ni itanura ya gaze yahimbwe n’umuhanga mu bya shimi wo muri Otirishiya Carl Auer von Welsbach.Mu 1885, yagerageje kuvanga magnesium, lanthanum, na okiside yttrium, ariko izo mvange zatanze urumuri rwatsi rutatsinze.
Mu 1891, yasanze oxyde ya thorium yera itanga urumuri rwiza, nubwo rwari ubururu, kandi ruvanze na oxyde ya Cerium (IV) kugirango itange urumuri rwera rwera.Mubyongeyeho, oxyde ya Cerium (IV) irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumusemburo wa thorium oxyde yaka
Icyuma cya Cerium
★ Cerium nicyuma cyoroshye kandi cyoroshye cya silver cyera gifite ibintu bifatika.Iyo ihuye n'umwuka, izahinduka okiside, ikore ingese nk'igishishwa cya oxyde.Iyo ashyushye, irashya kandi igahita ifata amazi.Icyuma cya santimetero nini ya cerium icyitegererezo cyangirika rwose mugihe cyumwaka.Irinde guhura n'umwuka, okiside ikomeye, acide ikomeye, na halogene.
Cerium ibaho cyane cyane muri monazite na bastnaesite, ndetse no mubicuruzwa biva muri uranium, thorium, na plutonium.Byangiza ibidukikije, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane cyane umwanda w’amazi.
Eri Cerium nikintu cya 26 cyinshi cyane, kibarirwa kuri 68ppm yubutaka bwisi, icya kabiri nyuma yumuringa (68ppm).Cerium ni myinshi kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe nka gurş (13pm) na tin (2.1ppm).
Ibikoresho bya Cerium
Gahunda ya elegitoronike:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p66s2 4f1 5d1
★ Cerium iherereye nyuma ya lanthanum kandi ifite electron 4f zitangirira kuri cerium, byoroshye kwitabira kwitabira imiti.Nyamara, 5d orbital ya cerium irahari, kandi iyi ngaruka ntabwo ikomeye bihagije muri cerium.
★ Hafi ya Lanthanide irashobora gukoresha electroni eshatu gusa nka electron ya Valence, usibye cerium, ifite imiterere ya elegitoroniki ihinduka.Ingufu za electroni 4f zirasa nkizya electroni 5d na 6s zo hanze zashyizwe mucyuma cyuma, kandi harakenewe ingufu nke gusa kugirango uhindure umurimo ugereranije nurwego rwingufu za elegitoronike, bikavamo agaciro ka kabiri +3 na + 4.Imiterere isanzwe ni + 3 valence, yerekana + 4 valence mumazi ya anaerobic.
Gukoresha cerium
★ Irashobora gukoreshwa nk'inyongeramusaruro no kubyara umunyu wa cerium, nibindi.
Can Irashobora gukoreshwa nk'inyongera y'ibirahure kugirango ikuremo ultraviolet n'imirasire ya infragre, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubirahuri by'imodoka.
★ Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, kandi kuri ubu uyihagarariwe cyane ni catalizike yimodoka itunganya ibyuka, irinda neza gaze nini ya gaze ya moteri isohoka mu kirere.
Umucyoibintu bidasanzwe by'isiahanini igizwe na cerium nkigenzura ryikura ryibimera rishobora kuzamura ubwiza bwibihingwa, kongera umusaruro, no kongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibihingwa.
★ Cerium sulfide irashobora gusimbuza ibyuma nka gurş na kadmium byangiza ibidukikije n’abantu muri pigment, bishobora gusiga amabara ya plastiki, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa mu gutwika no gukora inganda.
★Cerium (IV) oxydeIrashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gusya, kurugero, muri chimique-mashini yoza (CMP).
★ Cerium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika hydrogène, ibikoresho bya termoelektrike, cerium tungsten electrode, Ceramic capacitor, ceramics piezoelectric ceramics, cerium silicon carbide abrasives, ibikoresho fatizo bya peteroli, ibikoresho bya lisansi, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ibyuma bitandukanye byifashishwa hamwe na non- ferrous.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-03-2023