Neodymium, element 60 yimbonerahamwe yigihe.
Neodymium ifitanye isano na praseodymium, byombi ni Lanthanide hamwe nibintu bisa cyane.Mu 1885, nyuma yuko umuhanga mu bya shimi wo muri Suwede Mosander avumbuye imvange yalanthanumna praseodymium na neodymium, abanya Australiya Welsbach batandukanije neza ubwoko bubiri bw "isi idasanzwe": neodymium oxyde napraseodymium oxyde, hanyuma amaherezo aratandukananeodymiumnapraseodymiummuri bo.
Neodymium, icyuma cyera cya feza gifite imiti ikora, irashobora kwihuta mu kirere;Kimwe na praseodymium, ikora buhoro buhoro mumazi akonje kandi ikarekura vuba gaze ya hydrogen mumazi ashyushye.Neodymium ifite ibintu bike mubutaka bwisi kandi igaragara cyane muri monazite na bastnaesite, ubwinshi bwayo bukurikira kabiri kuri cerium.
Neodymium yakoreshejwe cyane cyane nk'ibara ry'ikirahure mu kinyejana cya 19.Igiheokiside neodymiumyashongeshejwe mubirahure, byabyara igicucu gitandukanye kuva ibara ryijimye rishyushye kugeza ubururu bitewe nisoko yumucyo uturuka.Ntugapfobye ikirahuri kidasanzwe cya neodymium ion bita "ikirahuri cya neodymium".Ni "umutima" wa lazeri, kandi ubwiza bwayo bugena mu buryo butaziguye ubushobozi n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bisohora ingufu za laser.Kugeza ubu izwi nka laser ikora igikoresho cyisi gishobora gusohora ingufu ntarengwa.Iyoni ya neodymium mu kirahure cya neodymium nurufunguzo rwo kwiruka hejuru no muri "skyscraper" yurwego rwingufu no gukora lazeri yingufu ntarengwa mugihe kinini cyinzibacyuho, ishobora kongera ingufu za nanojoule zingana na 10-9 lazeri kugeza kurwego rwa “izuba rito”.Igikoresho kinini cya neodymium ikirahure cya laser fusion, National Ignition Device yo muri Amerika, cyazamuye ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gushonga ry’ibirahuri bya neodymium ku rwego rushya kandi rishyirwa ku rutonde rw’ibitangaza birindwi bya mbere mu ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu.Mu 1964, Ishuri Rikuru rya Optics n’Ubukanishi bwiza bw’ishuri ry’ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa ryatangiye ubushakashatsi ku buhanga bune bw’ibanze bwo gushonga bikomeza gushonga, guhuza neza, gutunganya no gupima ibirahuri bya neodymium.Nyuma yimyaka mirongo yubushakashatsi, intambwe nini yarangije gukorwa mumyaka icumi ishize.Ikipe ya Hu Lili niyambere kwisi yamenye Shanghai ultra ikomeye na ultra short laser laser hamwe na watt 10 ya laser isohoka.Intego yacyo ni ukumenya ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi rinini kandi rikora cyane laser Nd ibirahuri byogukora.Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa Shanghai Institute of Optics and Precision Machinery ryabaye ikigo cya mbere ku isi cyigenga mu buryo bwigenga ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye ry’ibicuruzwa bya laser Nd.
Neodymium irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kugirango imenyekanisha rukomeye rukomeye - neodymium fer boron alloy.Neodymium iron boron alloy yari igihembo gikomeye cyatanzwe n’Ubuyapani mu myaka ya za 1980 kugira ngo icike monopole ya General Motors muri Amerika.Umuhanga muri iki gihe Masato Zuokawa yahimbye ubwoko bushya bwa magneti ahoraho, aribwo rukuruzi rukomatanya rugizwe nibintu bitatu: neodymium, fer, na boron.Abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abashinwa na bo bashizeho uburyo bushya bwo gucumura, bakoresheje uburyo bwo gushyushya induction aho gukoresha ibicanwa gakondo no kuvura ubushyuhe, kugira ngo bagere ku bucucike bw’icyaha burenga 95% by’agaciro k’amahame ya magneti, bishobora kwirinda gukura kwinshi kwinshi kwa rukuruzi, bigufi umusaruro ukurikirana, kandi bikagabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2023