Ibishushanyo bya papillary ku ntoki zabantu ntigihinduka mubyukuri imiterere ya topologiya kuva bakivuka, gutunga ibintu bitandukanye biranga umuntu, hamwe na papillary kuri buri rutoki rwumuntu umwe nabo baratandukanye nabo nabo nabo baratandukanye nabo nabo nabo baratandukanye nabo nabo nabo baratandukanye nabo nabo nabo baratandukanye nabo. Igishushanyo cya papilla ku ntoki cyarakozwe kandi gikwirakwizwa hamwe nibyuya byinshi. Umubiri wumuntu ukomeza kumvikana ibintu bishingiye kumazi nko kubira ibyuya nibintu byamavuta nkamavuta. Ibi bintu bizamura no kubitsa ku kintu iyo bihuye, bikora ibitekerezo ku kintu. Nukuri kubera ibiranga ibiranga intoki, nkamwitaho, umutekano wabo ubuzima bwawe bwose, nuburyo bugaragaza imiterere yemewe yo gukora iperereza ryambere ryibitonyanga byibitonyanga byikinyejana cya 19.
Kuri icyo cyaha, usibye ibirenge bitatu kandi bikonje byamabara bifite amabara, igipimo cyibintu gishobora kuba igikumwe aricyo hejuru. Izi ntohogintu mubisanzwe bisaba gutunganya ibintu binyuze muburyo bwumubiri cyangwa imiti. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutera urutoki burimo iterambere ryiza, iterambere ry'ifu, n'imiti. Muri bo, iterambere ry'ifu ritoneshwa n'ibice by'ibanze bitewe n'iki gikorwa cyoroshye no ku giciro gito. Ariko, imbogamizi zubutaka gakondo zishingiye ku rutoki ntibushobora kubahiriza abatekinisiye b'inshinjabyaha, nk'ibara ry'ibintu n'ibikoresho biri hagati y'urutoki n'ibara ry'inyuma; Ingano, imiterere, virusi, igipimo cyibihimbano, n'imikorere yifu yifu bigira ingaruka kumitekerereze yifata; Guhitamo ifu gakondo ni umukene, cyane cyane ibanga ryiyongereye ryibintu bitose ku ifu, bigabanya cyane guhitamo ifu ya powe gakondo. Mu myaka yashize, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga n'abakozi b'amahanga bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bishya n'inzira ya Synthesi, muri boIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya lumecent byakunze kwitabwaho nubumenyi bwibikorwa bya siyanse nikoranabuhanga bitewe numutungo wabo udasanzwe, utandukanye cyane, guhitamo cyane, nubusa buke mubisabwa byerekana urutoki. Buhoro buhoro bwujuje ibyangombwa 4f isi idasanzwe ibaha imbaraga zikungahaye cyane, kandi 5s na 5p layer electron yo muri Olect yisi yuzuye byuzuye. Amashanyarazi ya 4f arakingiwe, atanga electron 4f electron uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenda. Kubwibyo, ibintu bidasanzwe kwisi byerekana amafoto no gutontoma cyane nta foto yakunzwe, gutsinda aho bigarukira kuri dyes kama. Byongeye,Isi idasanzweIbintu nabyo bifite imitungo yo hejuru na magneti ugereranije nibindi bintu. Imiterere idasanzwe ya optique yaIsi idasanzweIons, nkibicurane birebire ubuzima, kwinjiza byinshi hamwe na bande-yohereza ibiruhuko hamwe nibihuru bikaba, byaje kwitondera ubwinshi bwibikorwa bifitanye isano no kwerekana igikumwe.
MubyinshiIsi idasanzweIbintu,Europiumnicyo gikoreshwa cyane. Demarcay, kuvumburaEuropiumMu 1900, byambere byasobanuye imirongo ikarishye muri strectrum ya Eu3 + mubisubizo. Mu 1909, umujyi wasobanuye CathodolUminence yaGD2O3: EU3 +. Mu 1920, Prandtl yasohoye bwa mbere Spectra ya Eu3 +, yemeza ibyo yabonye. Imyitozo yo kwinjiza Eu3 + yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1. Ubusanzwe + Ubusanzwe + ubusanzwe biri kuri C2 Orbital kugirango yorohereze inzibacyuho ya electrons kuva 5D0 kugeza kuri 7f2, bityo kurekura fluorescence itukura. EU3 + irashobora kugera ku nzibacyuho kuva kuri Leta ya Leta zubutaka kugeza kurwego rwo hasi rwingufu za leta zishimishije mumirongo itagaragara. Mu rwego rwo gushimira urumuri rwa ultraviolet, EU3 + Erekana amafoto akomeye atukura. Ubu bwoko bwamafoto ntabwo bukoreshwa gusa kuri EU3 gusa + ion ikorerwa muri Crystal Subtesrate cyangwa ibirahure, ariko nanone bigoye hamwe na synthesied hamweEuropiumna ligands organic. Izi Ligands zirashobora kuba nka Antenes kuri luminebu zidasanzwe zo kuvuza luminecce no kwimura ingufu zingamubiri zingufu zingufu za EU3 + ion. Icyiciro cyingenziEuropiumni ifu ya fluorescentY2o3: Eu3 + (yox) nigice cyingenzi cya fluostcent itara. Umucyo utukura ushimangira EU3 + urashobora kugerwaho neza nu mucyo wa ultraviolet gusa, ariko nanone na elegitonce), x-ray γ ratique α cyangwa β Kubera ibintu byayo bikungahaye kuri luyonecentcent, ni iperereza rikoreshwa cyane mubinyabuzima mubijyanye na siyanse yubuzima cyangwa ibinyabuzima. Mu myaka yashize, yakomeje kandi inyungu z'ubushakashatsi n'abakozi b'ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n'ubumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ubumenyi bw'ubucamanza, batanga amahitamo meza kurenga ku buryo bw'ifu, kandi bafite akamaro kanini mu kuzamura itandukaniro ry'uburyo buryo bwo kwerekana itandukaniro, kandi bufite akamaro kanini mu kuzamura itandukaniro, bumva, no guhitamo ibyerekanwa.
Igishushanyo 1 Eu3 + Kwinjira Kugereranya
1, ihame rya luminecence yaRERE Kwisi Europiumibihangano
Ubutaka bwubutaka kandi bushimishije bwa elegitoronike ya elegitoroniki yaEuropiumIon ni ubwoko bwa 4fn. Bitewe ningaruka nziza cyane za S na D orbitaling hafi yaEuropiumIon kuri 4f orbittalis, inzibacyuho ya FF yaEuropiumIon exhit Striar Bands hamwe nuburinganire burebure. Ariko, kubera amafoto make ya europine ya Europium ions muri ultraviolet hamwe nuturere tugaragara, ligands organic ikoreshwa mugukora ibintu bigoye hamweEuropiumIon Kunoza Coefficient apprafficient ya Ultraviolet hamwe nuturere tugaragara. Fluorescence yasohotseEuropiumIbigoye ntibifite gusa ibyiza byimibare yuburinganire nubunini bwamagurika, ariko nanone birashobora kunozwa uhuza imikorere yimbere yibinyabuzima byibinyabuzima byimikorere ya ultraviolet hamwe nuturere tugaragara. Ingufu zidasanzwe zisabwaEuropiumAmafoto ya Ion ni menshi kubura fluorescence. Hano hari amahame abiri yingenzi ya luminecence yaRERE Kwisi EuropiumIngorabahizi: Imwe ni amafoto, bisaba ligand yaEuropiumibigo; Ikindi kintu nuko Ingaruka ya Antenna ishobora kunoza kumva nezaEuropiumion lunezence.
Nyuma yo gushimishwa na ultraviolet yo hanze cyangwa urumuri rugaragara, ligand muriIsi idasanzweInzibacyuho zigoye kuva Sont Station S0 kugeza kuri leta yuzuye S1. Ibice bya Leta bitandukanijwe ntibishoboka kandi bigaruka kuri Station Station Son binyuze mumirasire ya ligand, cyangwa gusimbuka mugihe cya gatatu gishimishije t1 cyangwa t2 binyuze muburyo budasobanutse; Inshuro eshatu zishingiye ku byishimo bisohora ingufu binyuze mu mirasire yo gukora ligand fosphorescence, cyangwa kwimura ingufu kuriIcyuma EuropiumIons binyuze mubyo bidatera imbaraga zo kwiherera; Nyuma yo kwishima, Europium, yinzibacyuho kuva mu bihugu bishingiye ku butaka kugeza mu bihugu bishimishije, kandiEuropiumIons mu nzibacyuho zishimishije kurwego rwo hasi, amaherezo usubire mubutaka, kurekura ingufu no kubyara fluorescence. Kubwibyo, mukutangiza ligands kemant yo gusabanaIsi idasanzweIon no gukangurira icyuma hagati binyuze muri transfere yingufu muri molekile, ingaruka mbi za onte yisi idasanzwe zirashobora kwiyongera cyane nibisabwa imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe zirashobora kugabanuka. Iki kintu kizwi nkingaruka ya antenne ya ligands. Igishushanyo cyurwego rwo kwimura ingufu muri EU3 + kigaragazwa ku gishushanyo cya 2.
Muburyo bwo kohereza ingufu muri leta yita gatatu zishimishije kuri EU3 +, urwego rwingufu za Ligand Leta ya Ligand asabwa kuba hejuru cyangwa ihuye nurwego rwingufu za leta yu Burayi + + ishimishije. Ariko iyo urwego rwibicuruzwa bitatu bya ligand biruta cyane imbaraga nke za leta zishimye za EU3 +, imikorere yo kwimura ingufu nayo izagabanuka cyane. Iyo itandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo bwa gatatu bwa ligand na leta yo hasi ya EU3 + ni nto, ubukana bwa fluorescence buzacogora kubera ingaruka zumugati wa ligand wa ligand. β- diketone igoye ifite ibyiza bya UV ihuza ibikorwa bya UV, Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhuza, kohereza ingufu neza hamweIsi idasanzwes, kandi irashobora kubaho muburyo bukomeye kandi bwamazi, bigatuma bamwe mubice byakoreshejwe cyane muri ligands muriIsi idasanzweibigo.
Igishushanyo 2 Urwego rwo kugurisha Ingufu zo Kwimura Ingufu muri EU3 +
2.Uburyo bwaRERE Kwisi EuropiumIbihangano
2.1 Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru-Ubushyuhe bwa Synthesis
Ubushyuhe bukabije-bwa leta nuburyo bukunze gukoreshwa bwo guteguraIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Lumunecent, kandi birakoreshwa cyane mumusaruro winganda. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa Synthesis-Synthesis nuburyo bwimikorere ikomeye munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (800-1500 ℃) kubyara ibice bishya mugukwirakwiza cyangwa gutwara atome ikomeye cyangwa ion. Ubushyuhe bukabije-icyiciro cyakoreshwa muguteguraIsi idasanzweibigo. Ubwa mbere, reaction ivanze muburyo runaka, kandi umubare ukwiye wa flux wongeyeho kuri minisiteri kugirango usuzugurwe neza kugirango uvange. Nyuma, ibisubizo byubutaka bishyirwa mu itanura ryinshi-ndende yo kubara. Mugihe cyo kubara, okidation, kugabanya, cyangwa imyuka ya inert irashobora kuzuzwa hakurikijwe ibikenewe mubushakashatsi. Kubara cyane cyane, matrix hamwe nimiterere yihariye ya kirisiti ikorwa, kandi umukoresha udasanzwe Ions Ions yongewemo kugirango ikore ikigo cya Luminescent. Ikigo cyaraba Cyara kigomba gukonjesha, cyuzuye, cyumye, kongera gusya, kubara, no gusuzuma ubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa. Mubisanzwe, harakenewe inzira nyinshi. Gusya byinshi birashobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wimyitwarire hanyuma ugakora reaction yuzuye. Ni ukubera ko inzira yo gusya yongera aho ihuriweho na reactians, itezimbere cyane kugabanuka kwa veon na molekile mu myitwarire, bityo itezimbere imikorere imikorere. Nyamara, ibihe bitandukanye byo kubara nubushyuhe bizagira ingaruka kumiterere ya matrix ya kirisiti yashizweho.
Ubushyuhe bukabije-bwa leta ifite ibyiza imikorere yoroshye yo gukora, ikiguzi gito, nigihe gito cyo gukoresha, kubigira ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura ukuze. Ariko, ibibi byingenzi byubushyuhe bukabije-bwa leta ni: Ubwa mbere, ubushyuhe bukenewe bwigikoresho ni hejuru cyane, busaba ibikoresho nibikoresho byinshi, kandi biragoye kubungabunga ingufu nyinshi. Ibicuruzwa bya morfologiya ntiringaniye, ndetse bituma habaho hantu rya kirisiti ryangiritse, bigira ingaruka kumiti ihuha. Icya kabiri, gusya bidahagije bituma bigora intangarugero kugirango uvange neza, kandi ibice bya kirisiti ni binini. Kubera intoki cyangwa gusya imashini, umwanda wanze bikunze uvanze kugirango bigire ingaruka kumihindagurikire y'ibihure, bikaviramo ubuziranenge. Ikibazo cya gatatu ni ugusaba ntanganiye hamwe nubucucike bubi mugihe cyo gusaba. Lai et al. Shushanya urukurikirane rwa SR5 (PO4) 3Cl icyiciro kimwe cya Polychromact Powercent cyakorewe na EU3 + na TB3 + ukoresheje uburyo gakondo-ubushyuhe-buke-bwa leta. Munsi ya ultraviolet, ultraviolet, ifu ya fluorescent irashobora guhuza ibara rya luminecence ya fosifore kuva mukarere ka Green mukarere kabigenewe, kunoza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa diode. Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi nikibazo nyamukuru muri synthesis yindege ya Borophoscent ishingiye ku ifu ya Borophoscent ku bushyuhe bwinshi-buke-bwa leta. Kugeza ubu, intiti nyinshi kandi ziyemeje guteza imbere no gushakisha imibare ikwiye kugirango bakemure ikibazo cyo gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa cyane kubushyuhe-bwikirere. Muri 2015, Hasegawa et al. Yarangije ubushyuhe-buke-bwa leta itegura LI2NABP2O8 (LNBP) ukoresheje itsinda rya P1 rya sisitemu ya Triclinic kunshuro yambere. Muri 2020, Zhu et al. yatangaje ko ubushyuhe buke-bwa Synthesis Rote-Leta ya Liforike Li2NABP2O8: EU3 + (LNBP: EU) inzira yo gukoresha ingufu n'inzira zito kuri sositoir.
Uburyo bwo Kwishima 2.2
Uburyo bwimvura kandi bukoreshwa "uburyo bworoshye bwa synthesi" bwo gutegura isi idasanzwe yisi. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwirinda ko yongererana ibitekerezo, bitwaje cations muri buri reactient cyangwa hydroxides, ibiyobyabwenge bidashoboka, ibicuruzwa bikabazwa, gukaza, byumisha, nibindi bikorwa. Ibyiza byuburyo bwimvura ni imikorere yoroshye, ikoreshwa mugihe gito, gukoresha ingufu nke, nibicuruzwa byinshi. Inyungu nini cyane nuko ingano ntoya yacyo ishobora kubyara nanocrystals. Ibibi by'uburyo bwonyine ni: Ubwa mbere, ibintu bitera inkunga ibicuruzwa byabonetse birakabije, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya lumecent y'ibikoresho bya fluorescent; Icya kabiri, imiterere yibicuruzwa nticyunze kandi bigoye kugenzura; Icya gatatu, haribisabwa bimwe byo guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, hamwe nuburyo bwo kugwa hagati ya buri reactians bugomba kuba bisa nkaho bishoboka, budakwiriye gusaba ibice byinshi bya sisitemu. K. Petcharoen et al. Synthesized Magnetical Magnetite nanoparticles ukoresheje ammonium hydroxide nkuburyo bwimuwe nicika. Acide acide na oleic aside yatangijwe nko guhamya mu cyiciro cya mbere cya Crystallisation, kandi ubunini bwa magnetite nanoparticles bwagenzuwe mu ntangiriro ya 1-40 mu guhindura ubushyuhe. Abatatana neza ba magneticles nanoparticles mu gisubizo cy'amazebwe cyabonetse binyuze mu guhindura hejuru, kuzamura ibintu bya agglometion by'ibice byonyine. Kee et al. gereranije ingaruka zuburyo bwa hydrothermal nuburyo bwimvura ku ishusho, imiterere, hamwe nubunini bwa EU-Csh. Bagaragaje ko uburyo bwa hydrothermal butanga nanoparticles, mugihe uburyo bwo kugwa butanga submirn presmatique. Ugereranije nuburyo bwo kugwa bwimvura, uburyo bwa hydrothermal bugaragaza ko amafoto arenze kandi amafoto meza yikomandanga mugutegura ifu ya EU-Csh Csh. Jk Han et al. yateje imbere uburyo bwonyine bwo gucika intege nkoresheje igisubizo kitazwi n, N-Dimethylformmide (DMF) kugirango yitegure (BA1-XSRX) Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi Hafi ya Nano cyangwa Ingano yubunini. DMF irashobora kugabanya imyitwarire yo gukongerwaho no gutinda ku muvuduko mugihe cyimvura, ufashe kwirinda gukumira akagari.
2.3 Hydrothermal / Solnd Synthesis Synthesis
Uburyo bwa hydrothermal bwatangiriye hagati yikinyejana cya 19 mugihe geologiste yigana amabuye ya kamere. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, igitekerezo gahoro gahoro gakuze kandi kuri ubu ni kimwe mu buryo butangaje bwa chimie. Uburyo bwa hydrothermal ni inzira yumwuka wamazi cyangwa igisubizo cyamazi gikoreshwa nkuburyo bwa metero 100-20. Guhanwa, Ion na molecular bakwirakwije ubushyuhe bwo hasi kugirango basubiremo. Ubushyuhe, PH agaciro, igihe cyimyitwarire, kwibanda, nubwoko bwibanze mugihe cya hydrolysis igira ingaruka kumikorere ifatika, isura ya Crystal, imiterere, imiterere, imiterere yimiterere. Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ntabwo byihutisha gusa iseswa ryibimenyetso, ariko nanone byongera kugongana neza molekile kugirango iteze imbere imiterere ya Crystal. Igipimo gitandukanye cyo gukura kuri buri ndege ya kirisiti yabereye i PH KRYS nizo zingenzi zireba icyiciro, ingano, na morphologiya. Uburebure bw'igihe cyimyitwarire kandi bugira ingaruka kuri kristu yo gukura, kandi igihe kinini, niko byiza cyane gukura.
Ibyiza byuburyo bwa hydrothermal bigaragarira cyane muri: Ubwa mbere, hasukuye kristu hejuru, hagabanijwe umubare muto, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye, nibicuruzwa bitandukanye, nibicuruzwa bitandukanye, nibicuruzwa bitandukanye Iya kabiri ni uko imikorere ikora yoroshye, ikiguzi ni gito, kandi gukoresha ingufu ni bike. Ibyinshi mubikorwa bikorwa muburyo buke bwubushyuhe, kandi imiterere yimyitwarire biroroshye kugenzura. Urwego rwo gusaba ni runini kandi rushobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutegura uburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho; Icya gatatu, igitutu cyo guhumanya ibidukikije ni bike kandi ni urugwiro nubuzima bwabakora. Ibibi byayo nyamukuru ni uko mbere yibyerekeranye byimazeyo ibya PH, ubushyuhe, nigihe, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ibintu bike.
Uburyo bwa Solvothermal bukoresha ibicuruzwa bya kama nkibikoresho bifatika, bikomeza kwagura ibikoreshwa muburyo bwa hydrothermal. Kubera itandukaniro rikomeye mumitungo yumubiri nu miti yimiti hagati yumutima wamazi n'amazi, uburyo bwo gukora bugoye, kandi isura, imiterere yibicuruzwa ni zitandukanye. Nallappan et al. Synthesid Moox Crystal hamwe na morphologies zitandukanye kuva kurupapuro kugeza nanorod mugukurikirana igihe cya hydrothermal yuburyo bwa hydrothermal ukoresheje sodium dialfate nka agential. Diawen HU et al. Ibikoresho byanduye bishingiye kuri PolyoxyMousBenum Coalt (COPMA) na Uio-67 cyangwa irimo amatsinda ya bipyridym (uio-bpy) ukoresheje uburyo bwa Solvothermal muguhitamo imiterere.
2.4 SOL SOL GEL
Mol Gel uburyo nuburyo bwa chimique gakondo bwo gutegura ibikoresho byimikorere idasanzwe, bikoreshwa cyane mugutegura icyuma nanomarial. Mu 1846, Elbemen yakoresheje bwa mbere ubu buryo bwo gutegura Sio2, ariko imikoreshereze yacyo ntiyari ikura. Uburyo bwo gutegura ahanini kugirango wongere ibikorwa bidasanzwe byisi mubikorwa byambere kugirango ugire ikibazo cyo gukora ingufu kugirango ugire gel, kandi Gel yateguwe abona ibicuruzwa nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Fosifori yakozwe na Sol Gel ifite amashusho meza hamwe nibiranga imiterere, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ubunini bwambaye imyenda mike, ariko luminosotity yayo igomba kunozwa. Uburyo bwo gutegura Sol-Gel uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye gukora, ubushyuhe bwimyitwarire ni buke, kandi imikorere yumutekano ni ndende, ariko igihe ni kirekire, kandi igihe kinini, kandi igihe cya buri buvuzi ni gito. Gaponenko et al. yateguye Amorfous Batio3 / Sio2 Imiterere minini ya Centrifugation nubuvuzi bwo kuvura Sol-gel uburyo bworoshye kandi bugaragaza ko urutonde rwa firime ruziyongera rwiyongera. Mu 2007, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi ba Liu l Hou fugaga neza kandi rihamye rihamye kandi ryicyuma / ubukana bw'ikibazo cya Silica gishingiye kuri Silica na Gel. Mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibintu bitandukanye bikomoka ku mibonano mpuzabitsina isi na Silica
2.5 Uburyo bwa Microwave Synthesis
Uburyo bwa microwave synthesis nicyatsi kibisi ugereranije nuburyo bukomeye-buke bwamazi, bukoreshwa cyane muri synthesis yibintu, cyane cyane mu murima wa Nanomarikisitani, byerekana iterambere ryiza. Microwave ni amagorofa ya electromagnetic hamwe nuburebure bwamabuye hagati ya 1nn na 1m. Uburyo bwa microwave ni inzira aho ibice bya microscopique imbere yibikoresho byo gutangiriraho bikongerera imbaraga ziterwa na electomagnetic. Nkicyerekezo cyumurima wa microwave impinduka, icyerekezo nuburyo icyerekezo cya dipoles gihinduka ubudahwema. Igisubizo cya Hysstesis cya dipoles, kimwe no guhindura ingufu zabo zubushyuhe bitabaye ngombwa kugongana, guterana amagambo, nubuzima hagati ya atome na molekile, bigera ku ngaruka zo gushyushya. Bitewe nuko gushyushya microwave bishobora gushimangira uburyo bwose bwo kubyakirana kandi bigakora ingufu vuba, uburyo bwa Grew Synthesis yihuta, umutekano wicyatsi, kandi kimwe cya kabiri kirahurizwa. Nyamara, raporo nyinshi zikoresha muri iki gihe zikoresha ifu ya Microwave nka Carbone, Fe3o4, na Mno2 kugirango batange ubushyuhe butaziguye. Ibintu bireba byoroshye na microwave kandi birashobora gukora reactions ubwayo zikeneye ubundi bushakashatsi. Liu et al. Ubwo buryo bwahujije uburyo bwo kugwa hamwe nuburyo bwa microwave bwo kugandukira spinel ingingo yera hamwe na morphologiya ya morhology hamwe numutungo mwiza.
2.6 Uburyo bwo Gukuramo
Uburyo bwo gutwika bushingiye ku buryo bukwirakwizwa gakondo, bukoresha ibintu bya kamere bikabyara ibicuruzwa nyuma yumuti wahumuwe kugirango wuzuzwe. Gaze yakozwe no gutwikwa ibintu kama birashobora gutinda neza ibintu byahuye. Ugereranije nuburyo bukomeye-buzuzanya bushingiye ku gushyushya, bigabanya ibiyobyabwenge kandi bikwiranye nibicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa byubushyuhe buke. Ariko, inzira yimyitwarire isaba ko hiyongereyeho ibice byingenzi, byongera ikiguzi. Ubu buryo bufite ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya kandi budakwiriye umusaruro winganda. Ibicuruzwa byakozwe nuburyo bwo gutwika bufite ubunini buto kandi bwumyandikire, ariko bitewe nuburyo buke, ahubwo kubera inzira ngufi, hashobora kubaho kristu yuzuye, igira ingaruka kumiterere yimihindagurikire ya kristu. Anning et al. Yakoresheje La2o3, B2O3, na MG nko gutangira ibikoresho kandi ikoreshwa synthesis synthesis yo gutwika synthesition yo kubyara ifu ya labo6 mu gihe gito.
3. GusabaRERE Kwisi EuropiumIbigoye mu iterambere ry'intoki
Uburyo bwo kwerekana ifu ni bumwe mu buryo bwa kera cyane kandi buke bwo kwerekana uburyo bwo kwerekana. Kugeza ubu, ifu yerekana igikumwe ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ifu gakondo, nka pownetike igizwe n'ifu nziza y'icyuma n'ifu ya karubone; Ifu y'ibyuma, nk'ifu ya zahabu,Ifu ya feza, hamwe nizindi mfu zifite imiyoboro; Ifu ya fluorescent. Ariko, ifu gakondo gakondo zifite ingorane zikomeye mukugaragaza igikumwe cyangwa urutoki rushaje kubintu bigoye byinyuma, kandi ufite ingaruka runaka yuburozi ku buzima bwabakoresha. Mu myaka yashize, abaganga b'Inkozi n'ikoranabuhanga bagenda bashimangira ikoreshwa rya Nano fluorescent ibikoresho byo kwerekana igikumwe. Bitewe nibintu bidasanzwe bya Luminescent Yamagambo ya EU3 + na porogaramu yagutseIsi idasanzweibintu,RERE Kwisi EuropiumIbigoye ntibihinduka gusa hotspot yubushakashatsi gusa mumwanya wubumenyi bwubucamanza, ariko kandi utange ibitekerezo byagutse byo kwerekana igikumwe. Ariko, EU3 + mumazi cyangwa ibicucu bifite imikorere mibi yoroheje kandi bigomba guhuzwa na ligands gukangurira no gusohora urumuri, bigatuma EU3 + yo kwerekana ibintu bikomeye kandi bidashira ibicucu. Kugeza ubu, ligands isanzwe ikoreshwa ahanini ikubiyemo β- diketone, acide ya carboxRERE Kwisi Europiumibigo, byagaragaye ko mu bihe bitoroshye, kunyeganyega k'ubufatanye H2O molekile muriEuropiumibigo birashobora gutera umuriro. Kubwibyo, kugirango ugere ku guhitamo neza no gutandukanya urukurikirane rukomeye mu kwerekana urutoki, imbaraga zigomba gukorwa zo kwiga uburyo bwo kunoza ubushyuhe na bukanishiEuropiumibigo.
Mu 2007, itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi rya Liu l Hou niho umupayiniya wo kumenyekanishaEuropiumIbigoye mu murima wo kwerekana igikumwe ku nshuro ya mbere murugo no mumahanga. Fluorescent nini cyane kandi itara rihamye eu3 + icyuma gion / gukangurira ibihangano byafashwe nuburyo bwo guturika gutukwa mubikoresho bitandukanye bifitanye isano, harimo na zahabu, ikirahure, amababi yicyatsi. Ubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwatangije gahunda yo gutegura, UV / vis spectra, ibiranga ibihome, hamwe nigituba ikirango cyibiti bya eu3 + / op / teos nanocompos.
Muri 2014, Seung Jin Ryu et al. bwanza ushizwemo EU3 +Europium chloride(Eucl3 · 6h2o) na 1-10 phenanthroline (phen). Binyuze mu intunja ry'imiterere hagati ya Interlayer Sodium ion naEuropiumIons igoye, hagati ya Nano Hybrid (EU (Phen) 2) 3) 3 + Sythesion Ibuye rya SOUP na EU (Phen) 2) 3) 3). Mu rwego rwo gushimira UV ku burebure bwa 312nm, ibigo byombi ntibibungabunga amafoto meza, hamwe no kubura intungane y'imikorere ya Litioum, [EU (Phen) 2] 3 + - Isabune ya Litiostone ifite ubukana bwiza kuruta [EU (Phen) 2] 3 + - MOnttorlonIkora, kandi igikumwe cyerekana imirongo isobanutse kandi igereranya cyane ninyuma. Muri 2016, V Sharma ET. Synthesium Strontium Alumininate (SAL2O4: EU2 +, Dy3 +) nano fluorescent ifu ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutwika. Ifu ibereye kwerekana igikumwe gishya kandi gishaje kubintu birambuye kandi bidakomeye nkimpapuro zisanzwe zifite amabara, impapuro zipakishwa, alumini, na discoque. Ntabwo yerekana gusa kumva neza no guhitamo, ariko nanone ifite ibiranga bikomeye kandi birambye nyuma yo kubiranga. Muri 2018, wang et al. yateguye Kas nanoparticles (Esm-cas-np) yakoreweEuropium, samariya, na manganese hamwe na diameter ya 30nm. Abatambarari bashyizwemo ligands ya ampilic, ubakemererwe ko batatatatana rimwe mu mazi batatakaje umusaruro wa fluorescence; Guhindura Esm-kas-np hejuru hamwe na 1-dodecythiol na acide 11-mercaptoundenoic (arg-dt) yakemuye neza ikibazo cya fluorescence iterwa nifu ya nano fluorescent. Iyi feorescent ihatiye igikumwe gusa kubintu nka aluminiyumu, ibirahure, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byo gukuramo ishusho yo kwerekana ibirungo.inEuropiumIbigoye [EU (M-Ma) 3 (O-Phen)] Gukoresha Ortho, Meta, na P-MetholBentoic Acide na Ortho Phenandthroline nka Ligand ya kabiri akoresheje uburyo bwimvura. Munsi yimyaka 245nm ultraviolet yoroheje irradiation, ibishobora gutumbanya kubintu nkibicuracura nibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara neza. Muri 2019, SHAKA Jun Park et al. Synthesised Ybo3: Ln3 + (Ln = EU, TB) fossormal uburyo bwa Soplethermal, kuzamura neza uburyo bwo guturika no kugabanya imiterere yinyuma. Muri 2020, Prabakan et al. yateje imbere fluorescent na [eu (5,50 dmbp) (phen) 3] · Cl3 · NA [EU (5,5 '- DMBP) (Phen) 3] Cl3 - DHND's yakoreshejwe nkubuntu bushyushye bwo gushushanya, hanyuma na D-dembp) (Phen) (Phen) (Phen) (Phen) 3] buryo. 3 / d-dextrose. Binyuze mubushakashatsi, igikomangoma gishobora kwerekana neza urutoki kubintu nkibicupa bya plastiki, ibirahuri bya Afrika yepfo cyangwa urumuri rwa ultraviolet. Muri 2021, Dan Zhang et al. Gutsindwa no guhuza igitabo gisebanya Eu3 + kigoye EU6 (PPA) 18CTP-TPY ifite ubushyuhe butandatu bwo kugera ku bushyuhe (<50 ℃) kandi burashobora gukoreshwa mu kwerekana igikumwe. Ariko, ubundi bushakashatsi burakenewe kugirango tumenye ubwoko bwayo bukwiye. Muri 2022, L Brini et al. Ubwumvikane neza EU: Y2SN2o7 ifu ya fluorescent binyuze muburyo bwimvura hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo gusya na Synthes 254Nm ultraviolet na lawraviolet na fluorescence yicyatsi kibisi munsi ya 9800 hafi-epratition ya infrafnt, igera kuri ebyiri yerekana uburyo bushobora kwerekana igikumwe kubashyitsi. Ibikurura urutoki rwerekanwe kubintu nkibigana ceramic, impapuro za plastike, aluminium, nimpapuro zamabara yerekana ubushishozi bwo hejuru, gutandukanya, no kurwanya cyane kwivanga.
4 Outlook
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi kuriRERE Kwisi EuropiumIngorane zimaze kwitabwaho cyane, mbikesha imitungo yabo myiza kandi ya magnetike nkibara ryinshi, ibara ryinshi ryuzuye, kwinjiza ibicucu binini, hamwe nibyimba byo kuryama, hamwe nimpinga ndende. Hamwe no kwimbitse ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho by'isi, ibyifuzo byabo mu mirima itandukanye nko gucana no kwerekana, Inganda zamakuru, Ubuhinzi, Ibicuruzwa bya Optique, n'ibindi bigenda bikomera. Imiterere ya optique yaEuropiumIbigoye ni byiza, kandi ibyiciro byabo birangira buhoro buhoro. Ariko, kubura ubushyuhe, imitungo ya mashini, kandi itungura rizagabanya porogaramu zabo zifatika. Duhereye ku bushakashatsi bw'ubushakashatsi, ubushakashatsi bwo gusaba ibintu bya Optique yaEuropiumIbigoye mu murima wa siyanse yubucamanza bigomba kwibanda cyane cyane kunoza imitungo ya optique yaEuropiumibigoye no gukemura ibibazo bya fluorescent bikunda gukusanya ibidukikije bitoroshye, kubungabunga umutekano hamwe na luminecence yaEuropiumibigoye mubisubizo bitangaje. Muri iki gihe, iterambere rya societe na siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga byashyize ahagaragara ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango utegure ibikoresho bishya. Mugihe uhuye nibikenewe gusaba, bigomba no kubahiriza ibiranga igishushanyo gitandukanye nigiciro gito. Kubwibyo, ubundi bushakashatsi kuriEuropiumIbigoye bifite akamaro gakomeye mu iterambere ry'ubutunzi bw'Ubushinwa nta gaciro gakomeye y'isi n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi bw'inshinjabyaha n'ikoranabuhanga.
Igihe cyohereza: Nov-01-2023