Imiterere ya papillary ku ntoki zabantu ntigihinduka cyane muburyo bwimiterere yabantu kuva bakivuka, bafite imiterere itandukanye kumuntu, kandi imiterere ya papillary kuri buri rutoki rwumuntu umwe nayo iratandukanye.Igishushanyo cya papila ku ntoki kiragabanijwe kandi kigabanywa hamwe nu byuya byinshi.Umubiri wumuntu uhora usohora ibintu bishingiye kumazi nku icyuya nibintu byamavuta nkamavuta.Ibi bintu bizimura kandi bibike kubintu iyo bihuye, bigatanga ibitekerezo kubintu.Ni ukubera cyane cyane ibiranga umwihariko wintoki zintoki, nkibintu byihariye byihariye, ituze ryubuzima bwabo bwose, hamwe nimiterere yerekana ibimenyetso byo gukoraho niho igikumwe cyabaye ikimenyetso cyemewe cyiperereza ryinshinjabyaha no kumenyekanisha indangamuntu kuva hakoreshwa bwa mbere igikumwe kugirango umuntu amenyekane. mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19.
Aho icyaha cyakorewe, usibye urutoki rufite ibipimo bitatu kandi biringaniye, urutoki rushobora kuba urutoki rwinshi.Ibishobora gutunga urutoki mubisanzwe bisaba gutunganya amashusho binyuze mumubiri cyangwa imiti.Uburyo busanzwe bushobora guterwa urutoki harimo iterambere ryiza, iterambere ryifu, niterambere ryimiti.Muri byo, iterambere ryifu ritoneshwa ninzego zibanze kubera imikorere yoroshye nigiciro gito.Ariko rero, imbogamizi zerekana ifu gakondo yerekana urutoki ntirukibuza gukenera abatekinisiye b'inshinjabyaha, nk'amabara atandukanye kandi atandukanye n'ibikoresho byakorewe aho icyaha cyakorewe, kandi itandukaniro rito riri hagati y'urutoki n'ibara ry'inyuma;Ingano, imiterere, ibishishwa, igipimo cyibigize, hamwe n imikorere yifu yifu bigira ingaruka kumyumvire yifu;Guhitamo ifu gakondo birakennye, cyane cyane byongerewe imbaraga za adsorption yibintu bitose kuri poro, bigabanya cyane guhitamo iterambere ryifu ya gakondo.Mu myaka yashize, abakozi bashinzwe ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bishya n’uburyo bwo guhuza, muri byoisi idasanzweibikoresho bya luminescent byashimishije abakozi ba siyanse nubumenyi bwikoranabuhanga kubera imiterere yihariye ya luminescent, itandukaniro ryinshi, ibyiyumvo byinshi, guhitamo cyane, hamwe nuburozi buke mugukoresha urutoki.Buhoro buhoro buzura 4f orbital yibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka bibaha imbaraga zingirakamaro cyane, kandi 5s na 5P layer electron electronique yibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka byuzuye byuzuye.Electron ya 4f ya layer irakingiwe, itanga electron ya 4f uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenda.Kubwibyo, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka byerekana ifoto nziza kandi itajegajega idafite imiti, ikarenga imipaka y’amabara akoreshwa cyane.Byongeye,isi idasanzweibintu nabyo bifite amashanyarazi arenze amashanyarazi na magnetiki ugereranije nibindi bintu.Ibikoresho byihariye bya optique yaisi idasanzweion, nkigihe kirekire cya fluorescence ubuzima bwe bwose, kwifata kwinshi no kwanduza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe ningufu nini zo kwinjiza no gutandukanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, byashimishije abantu benshi mubushakashatsi bujyanye no kwerekana urutoki.
Muri benshiisi idasanzweibice,europiumni ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane.Demarcay, uwavumbuyeeuropiummuri 1900, yabanje gusobanura imirongo ityaye muburyo bwo kwinjiza Eu3 + mugisubizo.Mu 1909, Urban yasobanuye cathodoluminescence yaGd2O3: Eu3 +.Mu 1920, Prandtl yasohoye bwa mbere spekure ya Eu3 +, yemeza ibyo De Mare yabonye.Ikirangantego cyo kwinjiza Eu3 + cyerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 1. Eu3 + ubusanzwe iherereye kuri orbital ya C2 kugirango byorohereze inzibacyuho ya electron kuva kuri 5D0 ikagera kuri 7F2, bityo ikarekura fluorescence itukura.Eu3 + irashobora kugera ku nzibacyuho iva kuri electroni yubutaka igana kurwego rwo hasi rwimbaraga za leta murwego rwo hejuru rwumucyo ugaragara.Mu gushimisha urumuri ultraviolet, Eu3 + yerekana Photoluminescence itukura.Ubu bwoko bwa Photoluminescence ntabwo bukoreshwa gusa kuri Eu3 + ion zometse kuri kristu ya substrate cyangwa ibirahure, ariko no mubigo bihujwe hamweeuropiumna ligande kama.Iyi ligande irashobora kuba antene kugirango ikure luminescence yo kwishima no kohereza ingufu zishimishije kurwego rwo hejuru rwa Eu3 + ion.Icyangombwa Cyingenzi cyoeuropiumni ifu itukura ya fluorescentY2O3: Eu3 + (YOX) nikintu cyingenzi cyamatara ya fluorescent.Umucyo utukura wa Eu3 + ntushobora kugerwaho numucyo ultraviolet gusa, ahubwo no kumurabyo wa electron (cathodoluminescence), X-ray γ Imirasire α cyangwa β Particle, electroluminescence, luminescence yo guteranya cyangwa gukanika, hamwe na chemiluminescence.Bitewe numutungo ukungahaye wa luminescent, ni probe ikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye na siyanse yubuzima cyangwa ibinyabuzima.Mu myaka yashize, byanashishikarije ubushakashatsi ubushakashatsi bw’abakozi ba siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye na siyanse y’ubucamanza, butanga amahitamo meza yo guca ku mbibi z’ifu gakondo yo kwerekana urutoki, kandi bifite akamaro kanini mu kunoza itandukaniro, ibyiyumvo, no guhitamo kwerekana urutoki.
Igishushanyo 1 Eu3 + Absorption Spectrogram
1, Ihame rya Luminescence ryaisi idasanzweibigo
Imiterere yubutaka kandi ishimishije leta ya elegitoroniki yaeuropiumion ni ubwoko bwa 4fn.Bitewe ningaruka nziza yo gukingira ya s na d izenguruka hafi yaeuropiumion kuri 4f orbitals, ff inzibacyuho yaeuropiumion yerekana umurongo utyaye kandi ugereranije na fluorescence igihe kirekire.Ariko, kubera imikorere ya Photoluminescence nkeya ya europium ion muri ultraviolet hamwe nuduce twumucyo ugaragara, ligande kama ikoreshwa mugukora inganda hamweeuropiumion kugirango atezimbere coefficient de la ultraviolet hamwe nuduce twumucyo tugaragara.Florescence yoherejwe naeuropiumibigo ntibifite gusa inyungu zidasanzwe zuburemere bwa fluorescence hamwe nubuziranenge bwa fluorescence, ariko kandi birashobora kunozwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza ibintu byinshi kama kama kama muri ultraviolet no mumucyo ugaragara.Ingufu zo kwishima zisabwa kurieuropiumion Photoluminescence ni ndende Kubura ubushobozi buke bwa fluorescence.Hariho amahame abiri yingenzi ya luminescence yaisi idasanzweibigo: imwe ni Photoluminescence, isaba ligand yaeuropiumibigo;Ikindi kintu nuko antenne ishobora kunoza sensibilité yaeuropiumion luminescence.
Nyuma yo gushimishwa na ultraviolet yo hanze cyangwa urumuri rugaragara, ligand organique muriisi idasanzweinzibacyuho ihindagurika kuva hasi yubutaka S0 kugera kuri reta imwe ishimishije S1.Electron ya leta yishimye ntabwo ihagaze kandi isubira mubutaka S0 ikoresheje imirasire, irekura ingufu kugirango ligand yohereze fluorescence, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe igasimbukira muri leta yayo yishimye cyane T1 cyangwa T2 ikoresheje uburyo butari imirasire;Ibice bitatu byishimye birekura ingufu binyuze mumirasire kugirango bitange ligand fosifore, cyangwa ihererekanya ingufu kurieuropiumion binyuze mumashanyarazi adafite imirasire;Nyuma yo kwishima, europium ion iva mubutaka igana kuri reta ishimishije, kandieuropiumion muburyo bushimishije bwo guhinduka kwingufu nkeya, amaherezo agasubira mubutaka, kurekura ingufu no kubyara fluorescence.Kubwibyo, mugutangiza ligandike ikwiye kugirango ikoreisi idasanzweion no gukangurira ibyuma byo hagati ibyuma binyuze mumashanyarazi adafite imirasire muri molekile, ingaruka za fluorescence ya ion zidasanzwe zisi zirashobora kwiyongera cyane kandi nibisabwa ingufu zishimishije zo hanze birashobora kugabanuka.Iyi phenomenon izwi nka antenne ingaruka ya ligands.Igishushanyo cyingufu zingufu zo guhererekanya ingufu muri Eu3 + inganda zirerekanwa mumashusho 2.
Muburyo bwo guhererekanya ingufu kuva muri bitatu byishimye kugera kuri Eu3 +, urwego rwingufu za ligand triple reta yishimye rusabwa kuba hejuru cyangwa ijyanye nurwego rwingufu za leta ya Eu3 + yishimye.Ariko iyo ingufu zitatu za ligand ziruta cyane ingufu za leta zishimye cyane za Eu3 +, imikorere yo kohereza ingufu nayo izagabanuka cyane.Iyo itandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo butatu bwa ligand na leta yishimye cyane ya Eu3 + ni nto, ubukana bwa fluorescence buzagabanuka bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nigipimo cyo gukuraho amashyuza ya reta ya ligand.β- Uruganda rwa Diketone rufite ibyiza byo guhuza imbaraga za UV zikomeye, ubushobozi bwo guhuza imbaraga, guhererekanya ingufu neza hamweisi idasanzwes, kandi irashobora kubaho muburyo bukomeye kandi bwamazi, bigatuma iba imwe mumigambo ikoreshwa cyane muriisi idasanzweibigo.
Igishushanyo 2 Ingano yingufu Igishushanyo cyo guhererekanya ingufu muri Eu3 + complex
2.Uburyo bwa SynthesisNtibisanzwe IsiInzu
2.1 Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukomeye-uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru-bukomeye uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa muguteguraisi idasanzweibikoresho bya luminescent, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane-uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu bikomeye mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (800-1500 ℃) kugirango bibyare ibintu bishya mukwirakwiza cyangwa gutwara atome zikomeye cyangwa ion.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru-bukomeye uburyo bukoreshwa muguteguraisi idasanzweibigo.Ubwa mbere, reaction zivangwa mukigereranyo runaka, kandi ingano ikwiye ya flux yongewe kuri minisiteri yo gusya neza kugirango habeho kuvanga kimwe.Nyuma yibyo, reaction yubutaka ishyirwa mu itanura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango babare.Mugihe cyo kubara, okiside, kugabanya, cyangwa imyuka ya inert irashobora kuzuzwa ukurikije ibikenewe mubikorwa byubushakashatsi.Nyuma yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kubara, hashyizweho matrike ifite imiterere yihariye ya kirisiti, hanyuma ukora activate idasanzwe yisi yongewemo kugirango ikore ikigo cya luminescent.Urusobekerane rwabazwe rugomba gukonjeshwa, kwoza, kumisha, gusya, kubara, no kwerekana ubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa.Mubisanzwe, inzira nyinshi zo gusya no kubara zirakenewe.Gusya inshuro nyinshi birashobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wibikorwa kandi bigatuma reaction yuzuye.Ni ukubera ko gusya byongera aho bihurira na reaction, bigateza imbere cyane ikwirakwizwa ryumuvuduko nubwikorezi bwa ion na molekile muri reaction, bityo bikazamura imikorere neza.Ariko, ibihe bitandukanye byo kubara hamwe nubushyuhe bizagira ingaruka kumiterere ya materix ya kristu yashizweho.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru-bukomeye uburyo bwa leta bufite ibyiza byo gukora ibintu byoroshye, igiciro gito, hamwe nigihe gito cyo gukoresha, bigatuma ikorana buhanga ryo gutegura.Nyamara, ibibi byingenzi byubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwuburyo bukomeye ni: icya mbere, ubushyuhe bukenewe busabwa ni bwinshi cyane, busaba ibikoresho nibikoresho byinshi, bitwara ingufu nyinshi, kandi biragoye kugenzura morphologie.Ibicuruzwa morphologie ntibingana, ndetse bitera leta ya kristu kwangirika, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya luminescence.Icya kabiri, gusya bidahagije bituma bigora reaction kugirango bivange neza, kandi ibice bya kristu ni binini.Bitewe no gusya intoki cyangwa imashini, umwanda byanze bikunze bivangwa kugirango bigire ingaruka kuri luminescence, bikavamo ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.Ikibazo cya gatatu ni igifuniko kiringaniye hamwe nubucucike bubi mugihe cyo gusaba.Lai n'abandi.yashizemo urukurikirane rwa Sr5 (PO4) 3Cl ifu imwe ya polychromatic fluorescent ifu yometse kuri Eu3 + na Tb3 + ukoresheje uburyo bwa gakondo bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bukomeye-leta.Mugihe cyo kwishima hafi ya ultraviolet, ifu ya fluorescent irashobora guhuza ibara rya luminescence ya fosifore kuva mukarere k'ubururu kugera mukarere kibisi ukurikije icyerekezo cya doping, kunoza inenge yibipimo byerekana amabara make hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwamabara muri diode itanga urumuri rwera .Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi nicyo kibazo nyamukuru muri synthesis ya borofosifate ishingiye kuri fluorescent ifu yubushyuhe bwo hejuru-uburyo bukomeye bwa leta.Kugeza ubu, intiti ninshi ziyemeje guteza imbere no gushakisha imibare ikwiye kugirango ikemure ikibazo kinini cyo gukoresha ingufu zubushyuhe bwo hejuru-uburyo bukomeye bwa leta.Muri 2015, Hasegawa n'abandi.yarangije ubushyuhe buke-buteganijwe bwa leta ya Li2NaBP2O8 (LNBP) ikoresheje itsinda rya P1 ryumwanya wa sisitemu ya triclinic kunshuro yambere.Muri 2020, Zhu n'abandi.yatangaje raporo yubushyuhe buke-leta ya synthesis yinzira ya Li2NaBP2O8: Eu3 + (LNBP: Eu) fosifore, ikora ubushakashatsi ku gukoresha ingufu nkeya hamwe ninzira ya synthesis ihendutse ya fosifori idasanzwe.
2.2 Uburyo bwimvura
Uburyo bw'imvura ya co nubundi buryo bukoreshwa muburyo bwa synthesis "yoroshye ya chimique" yo gutegura ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya luminescent.Uburyo bw'imvura ya co burimo kongeramo imvura igwa kuri reaction, ikora hamwe na cations muri buri reaction kugirango igire imvura cyangwa hydrolyzes reaction mugihe runaka kugirango ibe oxyde, hydroxide, imyunyu idashonga, nibindi. Igicuruzwa kiboneka kiboneka binyuze mu kuyungurura, gukaraba, gukama, nibindi bikorwa.Ibyiza byuburyo bwimvura nigikorwa cyoroshye, gukoresha igihe gito, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe nibicuruzwa byiza.Inyungu zayo zigaragara cyane ni uko ingano ntoya ishobora kubyara nanocristal.Ingaruka zuburyo bwimvura ya co ni: icya mbere, ibintu byo gukusanya ibicuruzwa byabonetse birakomeye, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya luminescent yibikoresho bya fluorescent;Icya kabiri, imiterere yibicuruzwa ntibisobanutse kandi bigoye kugenzura;Icya gatatu, hari ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe byo gutoranya ibikoresho fatizo, kandi imiterere yimvura iri hagati ya buri reaction igomba kuba imwe cyangwa isa nkibishoboka, bidakwiriye gukoreshwa mubice byinshi bya sisitemu.K. Petcharoen n'abandi.synthesize spherical magnetite nanoparticles ukoresheje hydroxide ya amonium nkuburyo bwimvura nubushakashatsi bwimvura.Acide acike na acide oleic yatangijwe nkibikoresho byo gutwika mugihe cyambere cyo korohereza ibintu, kandi ingano ya nanoparticles ya magnetite yagenzuwe hagati ya 1-40nm ihindura ubushyuhe.Magnetite nanoparticles ikwirakwijwe neza mubisubizo byamazi yabonetse binyuze muguhindura ubuso, bigateza agglomeration phenomenon yibice muburyo bwimvura.Kee n'abandi.ugereranije ingaruka zuburyo bwa hydrothermal hamwe nuburyo bwo kugwa imvura kumiterere, imiterere, nubunini bwa Eu-CSH.Bagaragaje ko uburyo bwa hydrothermal butanga nanoparticles, mugihe uburyo bwo kugwa bwimvura butanga uduce duto twa pricmatic pricmatic.Ugereranije nuburyo bwimvura igwa, uburyo bwa hydrothermal bwerekana ububobere buke hamwe na fotoluminescence nziza mugutegura ifu ya Eu-CSH.JK Han n'abandi.yateguye uburyo bushya bwo kugwa imvura ikoresheje ibishishwa bidafite amazi N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) kugirango itegure (Ba1-xSrx) 2SiO4: Fosifore ya Eu2 ifite ubunini buke kandi ikwirakwiza kwinshi kwinshi hafi ya nano ya sherfike cyangwa ingano ya subicron.DMF irashobora kugabanya reaction ya polymerisation kandi igabanya umuvuduko wibikorwa mugihe cyimvura, ifasha mukwirinda uduce duto.
2.3 Hydrothermal / solvent uburyo bwo guhuza ubushyuhe
Uburyo bwa hydrothermal bwatangiye hagati yikinyejana cya 19 rwagati ubwo abahanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya bigana imyunyu ngugu.Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, igitekerezo cyakuze buhoro buhoro kandi ubu ni bumwe mu buryo butanga ibisubizo bya chimie.Uburyo bwa Hydrothermal nuburyo bukoreshwa mubyuka byamazi cyangwa igisubizo cyamazi gikoreshwa nkuburyo bwogutwara (gutwara ion na matsinda ya molekile hamwe nigitutu cyo kwimura) kugirango ugere kuri subcritical cyangwa supercriticale mubihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi ufunze (iyambere ifite ubushyuhe bwa 100-240 ℃, mugihe icya nyuma gifite ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1000 ℃), byihutishe umuvuduko wa hydrolysis wibikoresho fatizo, kandi mugihe cya convection ikomeye, ion hamwe nitsinda rya molekile bikwirakwizwa nubushyuhe buke kugirango bongere bongere bongere.Ubushyuhe, agaciro ka pH, igihe cyo kubyitwaramo, kwibanda, hamwe nubwoko bwabanjirije mugihe cya hydrolysis bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire, isura ya kirisiti, imiterere, imiterere, nubwiyongere bwikigereranyo kuburyo butandukanye.Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe ntabwo bwihutisha iseswa ryibikoresho fatizo gusa, ahubwo binongera kugongana neza kwa molekile kugirango biteze imbere kristu.Iterambere ritandukanye rya buri ndege ya kirisiti muri pH kristu nimpamvu nyamukuru zigira ingaruka kuri kristu, ubunini, na morphologie.Uburebure bwigihe cyo kwitwara nabwo bugira ingaruka kumikurire ya kristu, kandi igihe kinini, niko ari byiza gukura kwa kristu.
Ibyiza byuburyo bwa hydrothermal bugaragarira cyane cyane: icya mbere, isuku ryinshi rya kirisiti, nta ihumana ryanduye, gukwirakwiza ingano ntoya, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye;Iya kabiri ni uko inzira yo gukora yoroshye, igiciro ni gito, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ni nke.Ibyinshi mubisubizo bikorerwa mugihe giciriritse kugeza hasi yubushyuhe, kandi ibintu byoroshye biroroshye kugenzura.Urutonde rusaba ni rugari kandi rushobora kuzuza ibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho;Icya gatatu, umuvuduko wumwanda wibidukikije ni muke kandi ugereranije nubuzima bwabakora.Ingaruka nyamukuru zayo nuko uwabanjirije reaction yibasirwa byoroshye nibidukikije pH, ubushyuhe, nigihe, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ogisijeni nkeya.
Uburyo bwa solvothermal bukoresha ibishishwa kama nkibisubizo, bikomeza kwagura uburyo bwa hydrothermal.Bitewe nuko itandukaniro rigaragara mumiterere yumubiri nubumara hagati yumuti wamazi namazi, uburyo bwo kubyitwaramo buragoye, kandi isura, imiterere, nubunini bwibicuruzwa biratandukanye.Nallappan n'abandi.synthesize MoOx kristal hamwe na morphologie zitandukanye kuva kumpapuro kugeza kuri nanorod mugucunga igihe cyogukoresha uburyo bwa hydrothermal ukoresheje sodium dialkyl sulfate nkibikoresho byo kuyobora.Dianwen Hu n'abandi.synthesized compte ibikoresho ishingiye kuri polyoxymolybdenum cobalt (CoPMA) na UiO-67 cyangwa irimo amatsinda ya bipyridyl (UiO-bpy) ukoresheje uburyo bwa solvothermal ukoresheje optimizme ya synthesis.
2.4 Uburyo bwa gel gel
Uburyo bwa Sol gel nuburyo gakondo bwa chimique bwo gutegura ibikoresho bidakoreshwa, bidakoreshwa cyane mugutegura ibyuma bya nanomaterial.Mu 1846, Elbelmen yabanje gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango ategure SiO2, ariko imikoreshereze yayo yari itarakura.Uburyo bwo gutegura ni ukongeramo isi idasanzwe ion ikora mubisubizo byambere kugirango habeho solvent ihindagurika kugirango ikore gel, kandi gel yateguwe ibona ibicuruzwa bigenewe nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe.Fosifore yakozwe nuburyo bwa sol gel ifite morfologiya nziza nibiranga imiterere, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ingano ntoya, ariko urumuri rwayo rugomba kunozwa.Uburyo bwo gutegura uburyo bwa sol-gel buroroshye kandi bworoshye gukora, ubushyuhe bwa reaction ni buke, kandi imikorere yumutekano ni myinshi, ariko igihe ni kirekire, kandi umubare wa buri muti ni muto.Gaponenko n'abandi.yateguye amorphous BaTiO3 / SiO2 igizwe nuburyo bwinshi hakoreshejwe centrifugation hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kuvura sol-gel uburyo bwiza bwo kwanduza no kwerekana ibintu, kandi yerekanye ko indangantego ya firime ya BaTiO3 iziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa sol.Mu 2007, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Liu L ryatsinze neza fluorescent n’umucyo uhamye Eu3 + icyuma ion / sensitizer complex muri silika ishingiye kuri nanocomposite hamwe na gelo yumye ikoresheje uburyo bwa sol gel.Mubice byinshi bikomoka kubintu bitandukanye bikangura isi hamwe na silika nanoporous templates, gukoresha sensibilisateur ya 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) mu cyitegererezo cya tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) itanga fluorescence nziza ikozwe na gel yumye kugirango isuzume ibintu bya Eu3 +.
2.5 Uburyo bwa synthesis ya Microwave
Uburyo bwa synthesis ya Microwave nuburyo bushya bwicyatsi kibisi kandi butanduye umwanda ugereranije nuburyo bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bukomeye-uburyo bukoreshwa cyane, bukoreshwa cyane muguhindura ibintu, cyane cyane mubijyanye na synthesis ya nanomaterial, byerekana imbaraga nziza ziterambere.Microwave numuyoboro wa electromagnetic ufite uburebure buri hagati ya 1nn na 1m.Uburyo bwa Microwave nuburyo inzira ya microscopique imbere yibikoresho bitangira ihura na polarisiyasi bitewe nimbaraga zo mumashanyarazi zo hanze.Mugihe icyerekezo cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi ya microwave gihinduka, icyerekezo no gutondekanya icyerekezo cya dipole gihinduka ubudahwema.Igisubizo cya hystereze ya dipole, kimwe no guhindura ingufu zabo bwite zidakenewe kugongana, guterana amagambo, no gutakaza dielectric hagati ya atome na molekile, bigera ku bushyuhe.Bitewe nuko gushyushya microwave bishobora gushyushya icyarimwe sisitemu yose kandi bigakoresha ingufu byihuse, bityo bigateza imbere iterambere ryibintu kama, ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gutegura, uburyo bwa synthesis ya microwave bufite ibyiza byihuta ryihuta, umutekano wicyatsi, gito kandi kimwe Ingano yibintu, hamwe nicyiciro cyo hejuru.Nyamara, raporo nyinshi zikoresha imashini zikoresha microwave nka poro ya karubone, Fe3O4, na MnO2 kugirango itange ubushyuhe butaziguye.Ibintu byinjizwa byoroshye na microwave kandi bishobora gukora reaction ubwabyo bikeneye ubundi bushakashatsi.Liu n'abandi.yahujije uburyo bwo kugwa imvura hamwe nuburyo bwa microwave kugirango ihuze spinel nziza LiMn2O4 hamwe na morphologie nziza nibintu byiza.
2.6 Uburyo bwo gutwika
Uburyo bwo gutwika bushingiye kuburyo bwa gakondo bwo gushyushya, bukoresha ibintu kama gutwika kugirango bibyare umusaruro ugamije nyuma yumuti ushizemo umwuka.Gazi iterwa no gutwika ibintu kama irashobora gutinda neza kugaragara kwa agglomeration.Ugereranije nuburyo bukomeye bwo gushyushya ibintu, bigabanya gukoresha ingufu kandi birakwiriye kubicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe buke busabwa.Nyamara, inzira yo kubyitwaramo isaba kongeramo ibinyabuzima, byongera igiciro.Ubu buryo bufite ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya kandi ntibukwiriye kubyara inganda.Ibicuruzwa byakozwe nuburyo bwo gutwika bifite ingano ntoya kandi imwe, ariko kubera inzira ngufi yo kubyitwaramo, hashobora kubaho kristu zituzuye, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya luminescence ya kristu.Anning n'abandi.yakoresheje La2O3, B2O3, na Mg nkibikoresho byo gutangira kandi yakoresheje umunyu wafashaga synthesis yo gutwika kubyara ifu ya LaB6 mubice mugihe gito.
3. Gushyira mu bikorwaisi idasanzweibigo mugutezimbere urutoki
Uburyo bwo kwerekana ifu nuburyo bumwe bwa gakondo kandi gakondo bwo kwerekana urutoki.Kugeza ubu, ifu yerekana igikumwe cy'urutoki irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ifu gakondo, nk'ifu ya magneti igizwe n'ifu nziza y'icyuma n'ifu ya karubone;Ifu y'ibyuma, nk'ifu ya zahabu,ifu ya feza, hamwe nandi mafu yicyuma afite imiterere y'urusobe;Ifu ya Fluorescent.Nyamara, ifu gakondo ikunze kugira ingorane zikomeye zo kwerekana urutoki cyangwa igikumwe gishaje ku bintu bigoye byimbere, kandi bigira ingaruka zuburozi kubuzima bwabakoresha.Mu myaka yashize, abakozi ba siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga barushijeho gushyigikira ikoreshwa rya nano fluorescent yo kwerekana urutoki.Bitewe na luminescent idasanzwe ya Eu3 + hamwe no gukoreshwa kwinshi kwaisi idasanzweibintu,isi idasanzweibigo ntabwo byahindutse gusa ubushakashatsi mubijyanye na siyanse yubucamanza, ahubwo binatanga ibitekerezo byubushakashatsi bwagutse bwo kwerekana urutoki.Nyamara, Eu3 + mumazi cyangwa ibinini bifite imikorere idahwitse yumucyo kandi igomba guhuzwa na ligande kugirango ikangure kandi isohore urumuri, bituma Eu3 + yerekana imiterere ikomeye kandi ihamye ya fluorescence.Kugeza ubu, ligande ikunze gukoreshwa cyane harimo β- Diketone, acide karubike na umunyu wa karubasi, imyunyu ngugu ya polymers, macrocycle supramolecular, nibindi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse no gushyira mubikorwaisi idasanzweibigo, byagaragaye ko mubidukikije bitose, kunyeganyega guhuza molekile H2O murieuropiumibigo bishobora gutera kuzimya luminescence.Kubwibyo, kugirango tugere ku guhitamo neza no gutandukana gukomeye mu kwerekana urutoki, hagomba gushyirwaho ingufu zo kwiga uburyo bwo kunoza ubushyuhe nubukanishi bwaeuropiumibigo.
Mu 2007, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi rya Liu L ni ryo ryabaye intangiriro yo kumenyekanishaeuropiumibigo murwego rwo kwerekana urutoki bwa mbere murugo no mumahanga.Fluorescent kandi yoroheje cyane Eu3 + ibyuma bya ion / sensibilisateur byafashwe nuburyo bwa sol gel birashobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha urutoki kubikoresho bitandukanye bijyanye nubucamanza, harimo ifeza ya zahabu, ikirahure, plastike, impapuro zamabara namababi yicyatsi.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye uburyo bwo gutegura, UV / Vis spectra, ibiranga fluorescence, hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana urutoki ibisubizo bya Eu3 + / OP / TEOS nanocomposite.
Muri 2014, Seung Jin Ryu n'abandi.yabanje gukora Eu3 + complexe ([EuCl2 (Phen) 2 (H2O) 2] Cl · H2O) na hexahydrateeuropium chloride(EuCl3 · 6H2O) na 1-10 fenantroline (Phen).Binyuze muri ion guhana reaction hagati ya sodium ion interlayer naeuropiumion zigoye, intercalated nano hybrid compound (Eu (Phen) 2) 3 + - syntheshes lithium sabune ibuye na Eu (Phen) 2) 3 + - montmorillonite karemano).Mu byishimo by'itara rya UV ku burebure bwa 312nm, ibyo bigo byombi ntibigumana gusa ibintu biranga Photoluminescence gusa, ahubwo bifite n'umuriro mwinshi, imiti, hamwe na mashini ugereranije na Eu3 + yuzuye.Nyamara, kubera kubura ioni zanduye zazimye. nk'icyuma mu mubiri nyamukuru w'isabune ya lithium, [Eu (Phen) 2] 3 + - isabune ya lithium ifite ubukana bwa luminescence kuruta [Eu (Phen) 2] 3 + - montmorillonite, kandi igikumwe cyerekana imirongo isobanutse kandi itandukanye cyane na inyuma.Muri 2016, V Sharma n'abandi.synthesized strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4: Eu2 +, Dy3 +) ifu ya nano fluorescent ifu ikoresheje uburyo bwo gutwika.Ifu ikwiranye no kwerekana urutoki rushya kandi rushaje ku rutoki ku bintu byinjira kandi bitemerwa nk'impapuro zisanzwe z'amabara, impapuro zipakira, impapuro za aluminium, na disiki ya optique.Ntabwo yerekana gusa ibyiyumvo bihanitse no guhitamo, ariko kandi ifite ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi birebire biranga nyuma.Muri 2018, Wang n'abandi.yateguye CaS nanoparticles (ESM-CaS-NP) ikoporora hamweeuropium, samarium, na manganese ifite impuzandengo ya 30nm.Nanoparticles yari ikubiyemo ligande ya amphiphilic, ibemerera gukwirakwizwa kimwe mumazi idatakaje imikorere ya fluorescence;Guhindura hamwe hejuru ya ESM-CaS-NP hamwe na 1-dodecylthiol na 11-mercaptoundecanoic aside (Arg-DT) / MUA @ ESM-CaS NPs byakemuye neza ikibazo cya fluorescence izimya mumazi hamwe no guteranya ibice biterwa na hydrolysis ya hydrolysis muri nano fluorescent ifu.Ifu ya fluorescent ntabwo yerekana gusa urutoki rushoboka kubintu nka fayili ya aluminium, plastike, ikirahure, na ceramic tile hamwe na sensibilité nyinshi, ariko kandi ifite urumuri rwinshi rutanga urumuri kandi ntisaba ibikoresho byo gukuramo amashusho bihenze kugirango yerekane urutoki。Muri mwaka umwe, itsinda ryubushakashatsi bwa Wang ryashushanyije urukurikirane rwa ternaryeuropiumibigo [Eu (m-MA) 3 (o-Phen)] ukoresheje ortho, meta, na p-methylbenzoic aside nka ligand ya mbere na ortho phenanthroline nka ligand ya kabiri ukoresheje uburyo bwimvura.Munsi ya 245nm ultraviolet yumucyo urumuri, ibishobora gutunga urutoki kubintu nka plastiki nibirango bishobora kugaragara neza.Muri 2019, Sung Jun Park n'abandi.synthesize YBO3: Ln3 + (Ln = Eu, Tb) fosifori binyuze muburyo bwa solvothermal, kunoza neza uburyo bwo gutunga urutoki no kugabanya imiterere yimbere.Muri 2020, Prabakaran n'abandi.yateje imbere fluorescent Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3 / D-Dextrose ikomatanya, ikoresheje EuCl3 · 6H20 nkibibanziriza.Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 yashizwemo ikoresheje Phen na 5,5 ′ - DMBP hakoreshejwe uburyo bushyushye, hanyuma Na [Eu (5,5' - DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 na D-Dextrose byakoreshejwe nkibibanziriza gukora Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa adsorption.3 / D-Urusobekerane.Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, ibice byose bishobora kwerekana neza urutoki ku bintu nk'ibicupa by'amacupa ya pulasitike, ibirahure, hamwe n'ifaranga rya Afurika y'Epfo bitewe n'urumuri rw'izuba 365nm cyangwa urumuri ultraviolet, hamwe n'itandukaniro ryinshi kandi rikora neza rya fluorescence.Mu 2021, Dan Zhang n'abandi.byateguwe neza kandi bishushanya igitabo gishya cyitwa Eu3 + complexe Eu6 (PPA) 18CTP-TPY hamwe nibibanza bitandatu bihuza, bifite florescence nziza yumuriro (<50 ℃) kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugutunga urutoki.Ariko, ubundi bushakashatsi burakenewe kugirango umenye ubwoko bwabashyitsi bubereye.Muri 2022, L Brini n'abandi.gutsindira neza Eu: Y2Sn2O7 ifu ya fluorescente ikoresheje uburyo bwimvura igwa hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gusya, bushobora kwerekana igikumwe gishobora gutunga urutoki kubintu bikozwe mubiti kandi bidashobora kwinjizwa.Muri uwo mwaka, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Wang ryashushanyije NaYF4: Yb hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza ubushyuhe bwumuriro, Er @ YVO4 Eu core -ubwoko bwubwoko bwa nanofluorescence, bushobora kubyara fluorescence itukura munsi ya 254nm ya ultraviolet hamwe na fluorescence yicyatsi kibisi munsi ya 980nm hafi ya infrarafaride, bigera kuburyo bubiri bwo kwerekana urutoki rushoboka kubashyitsi.Ibishobora gutunga urutoki kubintu nka tile ceramic, amabati ya pulasitike, amavuta ya aluminiyumu, amafaranga, hamwe nimpapuro zanditseho amabara yerekana ibyiyumvo byinshi, guhitamo, gutandukanya, no kurwanya bikomeye kwivanga inyuma.
4 Ibitekerezo
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi kuriisi idasanzweibigo byakunze kwitabwaho cyane, bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwa optique na magnetique nkubwinshi bwa luminescence ubukana, ubuziranenge bwamabara menshi, ubuzima bwa fluorescence igihe kirekire, kwinjiza ingufu nini n’ibisohoka, hamwe n’imisozi miremire.Hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka, kubishyira mu bikorwa bitandukanye nko kumurika no kwerekana, ibinyabuzima, ubuhinzi, igisirikare, inganda z’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, gukwirakwiza amakuru ya optique, fluorescence irwanya impimbano, gutahura fluorescence, n’ibindi bigenda byamamara.Ibikoresho byiza byaeuropiumibigo ni byiza, kandi imirima yabyo igenda yiyongera.Ariko, kutagira ubushyuhe bwumuriro, imiterere yubukanishi, hamwe nibikorwa bizagabanya ibikorwa byabo bifatika.Uhereye kubushakashatsi bugezweho, ubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwa optique yaeuropiumibigo mubijyanye na siyanse yubucamanza bigomba kwibanda cyane cyane kunoza imiterere ya optique yaeuropiumibigo no gukemura ibibazo byuduce twa fluorescent dukunda guhurira hamwe mubidukikije bitose, bikomeza umutekano hamwe na luminescence nezaeuropiumibigo mubisubizo byamazi.Muri iki gihe, iterambere rya societe na siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga ryashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa byo gutegura ibikoresho bishya.Mugihe ibyifuzo bikenewe, bigomba kandi kubahiriza ibiranga igishushanyo mbonera kandi nigiciro gito.Kubwibyo, ubundi bushakashatsi kurieuropiumibigo bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere ubutunzi bukize bwubutaka bwubushinwa no guteza imbere siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-01-2023