IRIBURIRO RY'IMIKORESHEREZE Ingengo yigihugu
·Ntibisanzwe isi is ntabwo ari ikintu cyicyuma, ariko ijambo rusange ryibintu 15 bidasanzwe kwisi kandiyttriumnascandium. Kubwibyo, ibintu bidasanzwe byisi nibice bitandukanye byibice byabo bifite uburyo butandukanye, kuva kuri chloride hamwe nisuku ya 46% kuri oxide yisi yose kandiNtibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisiufite ubuziranenge bwa 99.9999%. Hiyongereyeho ibice bifitanye isano no kuvanga, hari ibicuruzwa bitabarika byisi. ,Isi idasanzweIkoranabuhanga kandi ritandukanye rishingiye ku itandukaniro ryibi bintu 17. Ariko, bitewe nuko ibintu bidasanzwe kwisi bishobora kugabanywamo cerium nayttriumAmatsinda ashingiye ku biranga amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bunuka, no guhagarika ibitandukanya by'isi y'isi nabyo birahuze. Guhera mu bucukuzi bwabanje, uburyo bwo gutandukanya, gutunganya inzira, uburyo bwo gukuramo, no kweza inzira yisi idasanzwe izatangizwa umwe.
Mbuyebubi yo gutunganya isi idasanzwe
· Gutunganya minerral nuburyo bwo gutunganya bugena itandukaniro mumitungo yumubiri nudushingere hagati yuburyohe bwibintu, bikuraho imyunyururu zitandukanye, kandi tukatandukanya amabuye y'agaciro yangiza.
· MuriIsi idasanzweores yacukuwe kwisi yose, ibikubiye muriNtibisanzwe isi oxideni bike ku ijana, ndetse no hepfo. Kugirango duhuze umusaruro usaba gushonga,Isi idasanzweAmabuye y'agaciro atandukanijwe n'amabuye y'agaciro ya gangwe n'ibindi misembuzi y'ingirakamaro binyuze mu moko mbere yo gushonga, kugira ngo yongere ibikubiye mu nkombe z'isi idasanzwe kandi zigabona isi idasanzwe yibanda ku bisabwa n'isi idasanzwe. INYUNGU Z'ISI idasanzwe ya ores muri rusange, akenshi twunganirwa no guhuza byinshi byo gutandukana na rukuruzi no gutandukana kwa magneti kugirango bishyiremo inzira yingirakamaro.
TheIsi idasanzwekubitsa muri mine ya Baiyunebo muri Mongoliya ni ubwoko bwa karubone yatubye dolomite ya ferlomite, ahanini igizwe na Driorrocan Smalish yisi yose (usibye FluoRocarboneniobiumnaIsi idasanzweamabuye y'agaciro).
Inzira yakuweho ikubiyemo ibyuma bigera kuri 30% na 5% bidasanzwe kwisi. Iyo itwarwa na gari ya moshi ijya mu gihingwa cyinjyana ya Baotou na Stel Group Sosiyete yitsinda ryitsinda. Inshingano z'uruganda rwifashi rwifashishijweFE2O3Kuva kuri 33% kugeza hejuru ya 55%, banza gusya no gutanga amanota kumupira wamaguru, hanyuma uhitemo icyuma cyibanze cya 62-65% FE2O3 (oxide) ukoresheje igishushanyo cya magnetic. Imirizo ikomeza kunyura kuri flotation na magnetic gutandukana kugirango ubone icyuma cya kabiri kirimo kwibanda kurenga 45%FE2O3(oxide y'icyuma). Isi idasanzwe irakungahaza mu ifu ry'ifuro, ifite amanota ya 10-15%. Imyitozo irashobora gutoranywa ukoresheje ameza yo kunyeganyega kugirango atange ikintu gifatika hamwe na reo ibirimo 30%. Nyuma yo gusubirwamo n'ibikoresho by'imboga, isi idasanzwe yibanda ku bigori birenga 60% birashobora kuboneka.
Uburyo bwo kubora isi idasanzwe yibanda
·Isi idasanzweIbintu byibanze muri rusange birahari muburyo bwo guhagarika karubone, fluorides, fosifate, oxide, cyangwa gusebanya. Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bigomba guhinduka ibice bishonje mumazi cyangwa aside inorumanic binyuze mumiti itandukanye, hanyuma igahinduka nko gusenya, gutandukana, kweza, kwibanda, cyangwa kubara kugirango bikoreIsi idasanzweIbipimo nkibi bivanze nisi ya chlodide yisi, ishobora gukoreshwa nkibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo byo gutandukanya ibintu bidasanzwe kwisi. Iyi nzira irahamagarwaIsi idasanzweUbuntu bwo kubora, bizwi kandi nko kwivuza.
· Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuboraIsi idasanzweKwibanze, muri rusange bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: Uburyo bwa Acide, uburyo bwa Alkali, na chlorination. Gutangiza Acide birashobora gukomeza kugabanywa muri acide ya hydrochloric, utanga aside sulfuric, na acide ya hydrofluoric. Kubora bya Alkali birashobora gukomeza kugabanywa muri sodiyumu decroxide, sodium hydroxide ishonga, cyangwa uburyo bwa soda bukaranze. Inzira ikwiye yatoranijwe muri rusange ishingiye ku mahame yo kwibandaho, ibiranga icyiciro, gahunda yo kugarura no gutunganya ibintu bidasanzwe, byungukiye ku bidukikije no kurengera isuku, no kurengera ibidukikije.
Amabuye y'agaciro yavumbuwe na 200 adasanzwe kandi atatanye, ntabwo yakomejwe mu kubitsa byigenga afite ubucukuzi bw'inganda kubera ko nta gaciro kabo. Kugeza ubu, gake cyaneIkidage, Selenium, nabeveuriumKubitsa byavumbuwe, ariko igipimo cyubuki kubitsa ntabwo ari kinini cyane.
Gushonga isi idasanzwe
Ho Hariho uburyo bubiri bwaIsi idasanzwegushonga, hydrometgy na pyrometgy.
· Inzira yose yo ku isi h'isi hydrometgy nicyuma cya medical metallurgie ni mubisubizo kandi ukemeranya, nko kubora isi idasanzwe yibanda, gutandukana no gukuramo no gukuramoNtibisanzwe isi oxide, ibice, hamwe n'ibyuma by'isi bidasanzwe, bikoresha inzira yo gutandukanya imiti nk'imvura, komeza, kugabanuka, kugabanya, gukuramo ibintu, no guhana. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni ugukuramo ibintu kama, ni inzira rusange yo gutandukanya inganda zitukura ubuziranenge bwisi imwe yisi. Inzira ya HydroTallurgy iragoye kandi ibicuruzwa bifite isuku biri hejuru. Ubu buryo bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byarangiye.
Inzira ya Pyrometurgical iroroshye kandi ifite umusaruro mwinshi.Isi idasanzwePyrometAllurgy ikubiyemo ahanini umusaruro wagake isinuburyo bwo kugabanya silicothermic, umusaruro wisi udasanzwe cyangwa ihindura iminyu ya molten yashongesheje muburyo bwa electrolysis, hamwe numusaruro wagake isinubutaka bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe nibindi.
Ikintu rusange kiranga Pyrometgy ni umusaruro usanzwe wubushyuhe.
IGIKORWA CY'ISI
·Isi idasanzwekarubone kandiidasanzwe yisi chloridenibicuruzwa bibiri byingenzi byibanze muriIsi idasanzweinganda. Muri rusange, hari inzira ebyiri nyamukuru zo gutanga ibi bicuruzwa byombi. Inzira imwe ni aside ya sulfuric yibanze, kandi ubundi buryo bwitwa inzira ya Caustic Soda, amagambo akubise bya soda ya Caustic Soda.
· Usibye kuba muri nyakubahwa isi itandukanye, igice gikomeye cyaibintu bidasanzwe byisiMuri kamere yo kubana hamwe na apatite na fosinati ya fosika. Ibigega byose byisi FosifateIsi idasanzweIbirimo 0.5 ‰. Bigereranijwe ko umubare wuzuye waIsi idasanzwebifitanye isano na fosifari ore kwisi ni toni miliyoni 50. Mu gusubiza ibiranga hasiIsi idasanzweIbirimo hamwe nuburyo budasanzwe bwo kubaho mu birombe, inzira zitandukanye zo kugarurwa zarimo mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, zishobora kugabanywa muburyo butose kandi bwubushyuhe. Muburyo butose, barashobora kugabanamo uburyo bwa nitc acide, uburyo bwa hydrochloric uburyo, nuburyo acide sulfuric ukurikije acide zitandukanye zo kubora. Hariho inzira zitandukanye zo kugarura isi idasanzwe kuva itunganijwe rya fosifore, byose bifitanye isano rya bugufi nuburyo bwo gutunganya bwa fosifate. Mugihe cyumusaruro wubusa, TheIsi idasanzweIgipimo cyo kugarura gishobora kugera kuri 60%.
Hamwe no gukoresha imikoreshereze ya fosifuni ya fosifuni hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryuburyo buke bwa fosifate yuburyo bwa fosifori bwahindutse uburyo rusange bwa acide bwahindutse uburyo bwimiti ya fosige, no kugaruraibintu bidasanzwe byisiMuri acide sulfuric itunganya acide ya fosifori yabaye hotspot yubushakashatsi. Mubikorwa byumusaruro bya acide sulfuric gahunda itose aside fosfatiki, inzira yo kugenzura ingufu z'isi zidasanzwe muri aside ya fosisoni kugirango ikureho isi idasanzwe kuruta uburyo burenze bwo guteza imbere inzira zambere.
IGICURUZI RW'ISI
Sulfuric acide
CeriumItsinda (bidasobanutse munyungu za sulfate) -lanthanam, cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, na promeum;
TerbiumItsinda (ndumiwe gato mubunyutsi bugoye) -samariya, Europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, naHollymium;
YttriumItsinda (gushonga munyungu zitoroshye) -yttrium, Erbium, Thulium, ytterbium,Luthetium, nascandium.
Gutandukanya Gutandukana
UrumuriIsi idasanzwe(P204 Indake yo gukuramo) -lanthanam,cerium, Praseodymium,Neodymium, na promeum;
Hagati yisi (P204 Gukuramo aside hasi) -samariya,Europium,gadolinium,terbium,dysprosium;
BiremereyeIsi idasanzweibintu(Gukuramo acide muri P204) -Hollymium,
Intangiriro yo gukuramo inzira
Muburyo bwo gutandukanaibintu bidasanzwe byisi,Bitewe nubusa busa cyane kumubiri no mumiti yibinyamisoni yibintu 17, nubusa bwinshi buherekeza umwanda muriibintu bidasanzwe byisi, inzira yo gukuramo iragoye kandi ikoreshwa.
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwo gukuramo: Uburyo bwa God By-Intambwe, ion Guhana, no gukuramo solven.
Intambwe ku bundi buryo
Uburyo bwo gutandukana no kweza ukoresheje itandukaniro mubikesha byimikorere mubintu byinkenga byitwa intambwe kuntambwe. Kuvayttrium(Y)Luthetium(Lu), gutandukana kwomwe hagati yubusanzweibintu bidasanzwe byisi, harimo na radiyo yavumbuwe na couple,
Bose baratandukanye bakoresheje ubu buryo. Uburyo bwo gukora ubu buryo bugoye, kandi gutandukanya kimwe yisi yose yisi yafashe imyaka irenga 100, hamwe no gutandukana no gutandukana inshuro 200. Ku bakozi ba shimi, akazi kabo
Imbaraga ni hejuru kandi inzira iragoye. Kubwibyo, ukoresheje ubu buryo ntibishobora kubyara isi imwe idasanzwe.
Guhana ion
Umurimo w'ubushakashatsi ku bintu bidasanzwe byisi byabangamiwe no kudashobora kubyaraIkintu Cyisiku bwinshi binyuze mu ntambwe ku buryo. Kugirango dusesengureibintu bidasanzwe byisicontained in nuclear fission products and remove the rare earth elements from uranium and thorium, ion exchange chromatography (ion exchange chromatography) was successfully studied, which was then used for the separation ofIkintu Cyisis. Ibyiza byiburyo bwo guhana ion nuko ibintu byinshi bishobora gutandukana mugikorwa kimwe. Kandi irashobora kandi kubona ibicuruzwa byera cyane. Nyamara, ibibi nuko bidashobora gutunganywa ubudahwema, hamwe ninzitizi ndende kandi ikiguzi kinini cyo gusubiraho no guhana. Kubwibyo, ibi na bumwe muburyo nyamukuru bwo gutandukanya isi idasanzwe yasezeye ku buryo bugendanwa buva muburyo bwo gutandukanya no gusimburwa nuburyo bwo gukuramo buto. Ariko, kubera ibintu byingenzi biranga ion Guhana chromatografi mu bicuruzwa byisi byisi, kuri ubu, kugirango ugabanye ibintu byiza byisi kandi bikaba bitandukanya ibintu biremereye byisi, birakenewe kandi gukoresha imiterere ya chromatografi kugirango utandukanye kandi utange ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe.
Gukuramo Solven
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya kama kugirango akureho kandi atandukanya ibintu byakuweho bivuye mu gisubizo kitazwi cyitwa kama-extraction yamashanyarazi, amagambo akuramo ibintu. Nibikorwa byo kwimura imbaga binjiza ibintu bivuye mubiciro bimwe bijya mubindi. Uburyo bwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa bwakoreshejwe mbere muri Petrochemical, chimie organic, chirusic chimie ya farumasi, hamwe na chimie yisesengura. Ariko, mu myaka mirongo ine ishize, kubera iterambere ryubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga bya Atome, ndetse no gukenera ibintu bya ultrapure kandi bikaba byiza, bitera imbere ibintu bikomeye mu nganda za kirimbuzi na leta idasanzwe. Ubushinwa bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru y'ubushakashatsi mu gukuramo ibitekerezo, synthesis no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikururwa bishya, kandi inzira yo gukuramo ibice by'isi idasanzwe. Ugereranije nuburyo bwo gutandukana nko kugwa kwapishijwe amanota, na gion Gukuramo, ubushobozi bunini bwumusaruro, byoroshye gukora umusaruro wihuse, kandi byoroshye kubigeraho byikora. Kubwibyo, buhoro buhoro bihinduka uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutandukanya amafaranga menshiIsi idasanzwes.
Ntibisanzwe
Ibikoresho bibisi
Ntibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisimuri rusange bigabanijwemo ibyuma bivanze byisi ninzuNtibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisi. Ibigize ivanzeNtibisanzwe Ibyuma ByisiIrasa nisi yumwimerere idasanzwe yisi mu mabuye y'agaciro, kandi icyuma kimwe ni icyuma gitandukanijwe kandi gitunganijwe na buri isi idasanzwe. Biragoye kugabanyagare yisis (usibye oxide yasamariya,Europium,, Thulium,ytterbium) Mu mbuga imwe ukoresheje uburyo rusange bwa metallurgical, kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushiraho no gushikama cyane. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa kubikorwa byaNtibisanzwe Ibyuma ByisiMuri iki gihe ni chlorides zabo.
Gushonga umunyu electrolysis
Umusaruro rusange wavanzeNtibisanzwe Ibyuma ByisiMu nganda muri rusange ikoresha uburyo bwa electrolysis. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwa electrolysis: chloride electrolysis na oxide electrolysis. Uburyo bwo gutegura bumweNtibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisibiratandukanye bitewe nibintu.samariya,Europium,,Thulium,ytterbiumntibikwiriye kwitegura bya electrolytic bitewe nigitutu cyabo kinini, kandi ahubwo byateguwe ukoresheje uburyo bwo kugabanya imyanda. Ibindi bintu birashobora gutegurwa na electrolysis cyangwa uburyo bwo kugabanya amashanyarazi.
Chloride electrolysise nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora imyanda, cyane cyane kubera ibyuma bidasanzwe byisi. Inzira yoroshye, ingirakamaro-ihengane, kandi isaba ishoramari rito. Ariko, ibisubizo bikomeye ni irekurwa rya gaze ya chlorine, yanduza ibidukikije. Oxide electrolysis ntabwo irekura imyuka yangiza, ariko ikiguzi kiri hejuru. Mubisanzwe, igiciro cyinshiIsi idasanzwenkaNeodymiumnaPraseodymiumzakozwe ukoresheje oxide electrolysis.
Kugabanya ibyuburo bya electrolysis birashobora gutegura gusa urwego rusange rwingandaNtibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisi. GuteguraNtibisanzwe Ibyuma ByisiHamwe n'umwanda muto no kweza cyane, uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa vacuum burakoreshwa muri rusange. Ubu buryo bushobora gutanga imiyoboro yose yisi yose, arikosamariya,Europium,,Thulium,ytterbiumntishobora gukorwa ukoresheje ubu buryo. Ubushobozi bwa Redox bwasamariya,Europium,,Thulium,ytterbiumna calcium gusa igabanuka igiceIsi idasanzwefluoride. Mubisanzwe, gutegura ibyo byuma bishingiye kumahame yumuvuduko mwinshi wiyi sitsiz nigitutu gito cyumwukaLanthanums. Oxide muri baneIsi idasanzwebivanze n'ibice byaLanthanums kandi uhagarike muri block, kandi ukagabanuka mu itanura rya vacuum.Lanthanambirakomeye, mugihesamariya,Europium,,Thulium,ytterbiumbagabanijwe kuri zahabu nalanthanamKandi yakusanyije kuri condensation, yorohereza gutandukana no gusebanya.
Igihe cyohereza: Nov-07-2023