Ntibisanzwe/ ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi
Ibintu bya Lanthanide bifite imibare ya atome iri hagati ya 57 na 71 mumeza yigihe, aribyolanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd), promethium (Pm)
Samarium(Sm),europium(Eu),gadolinium(Gd),terbium(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), kimwe nascandium(Sc) hamwe numero ya atome 21 nayttrium(Y) hamwe na atome nimero 39, yose hamwe 17
Ikimenyetso RE cyerekana itsinda ryibintu bifite imiti isa.
Kugeza ubu, mu nganda zidasanzwe z’isi n’ibicuruzwa, isi idasanzwe muri rusange yerekeza ku bintu 15 usibye promethium (Pm) nascandium(Sc).
Umucyoisi idasanzwe
Ijambo rusange kubintu bine byalanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr), naneodymium(Nd).
Hagatiisi idasanzwe
Ijambo rusange kubintu bitatu byaSamarium(Sm),europium(Eu), nagadolinium(Gd).
Biremereyeisi idasanzwe
Ijambo rusange kubintu umunani byaterbium(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), nayttrium(Y).
Ceriumitsindaisi idasanzwe
Itsinda ryaisi idasanzweahanini bigizwe nacerium, harimo ibintu bitandatu:lanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd),Samarium(Sm),europium(Eu).
Yttriumitsindaisi idasanzwe
Itsinda ryaisi idasanzweibintu bigizwe ahanini na yttrium, harimogadolinium(Gd),terbium(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), nayttrium(Y).
Kugabanuka kwa Lanthanide
Ikintu aho radiyo ya atome na ionic yibintu bya lanthanide bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwa numero ya atome bita lanthanide contraction.Byakozwe
Impamvu: Mubintu bya lanthanide, kuri buri proton yongewe kuri nucleus, electron yinjira muri orbital ya 4f, kandi electron ya 4f ntabwo ikingira nucleus kimwe na electron imbere, bityo umubare wa atome ukiyongera.
Byongeye, kugenzura gukurura electroni zo hanze ziyongera, buhoro buhoro bigabanya radiyo ya atome na ionic.
Ijambo rusange ryibyuma byakozwe na electrolysis yumunyu ushonga, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyangwa ubundi buryo ukoresheje ibice bimwe cyangwa byinshi bidasanzwe byubutaka nkibikoresho fatizo.
Icyuma cyakuwe mubice byikintu kidasanzwe cyisi ukoresheje amashanyarazi yumunyu wa elegitoronike, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyangwa ubundi buryo.
Bivanzeubutaka budasanzwe
Ijambo rusange kubintu bigizwe na bibiri cyangwa byinshiubutare bw'isi budasanzwe,bisanzwelanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium.
Ijambo rusange ryibintu byakozwe no guhuza ibintu bidasanzwe byisi nibintu bya ogisijeni, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire ya RExOy.
Ingaraguisi idasanzwe
Uruvange rwakozwe no guhuza aisi idasanzweIkintu na ogisijeni.
Isuku ryinshiisi idasanzwe
Ijambo rusangeisi idasanzwehamwe nubuziranenge bugereranije butari munsi ya 99,99%.
Bivanzeisi idasanzwe
Uruvange rwakozwe no guhuza bibiri cyangwa byinshiisi idasanzweibintu hamwe na ogisijeni.
Ntibisanzweibice
Ijambo rusange ryibintu birimoisi idasanzwebyakozwe nubusabane bwibyuma bidasanzwe byisi cyangwa oxyde yisi idasanzwe hamwe na acide cyangwa base.
Ntibisanzwehalide
Ijambo rusange ryibintu byakozwe no guhuzaisi idasanzweibice hamwe na halogen yibintu.Kurugero, isi idasanzwe ya chloride isanzwe igereranwa nubumara bwa RECl3;Ntibisanzwe fluoride yisi igereranwa na formula ya chimique REFy.
Ntibisanzwe sulfate
Ijambo rusange ryibintu byakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zubutaka hamwe na sulfate ion, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (SO4) y.
Ijambo rusange ryibintu bivangwa no guhuza isi idasanzwe ion na nitrate ion, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire ya miti RE (NO3) y.
Ntibisanzwe karubone
Ijambo rusange ryimvange ryakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zisi na karubone ion, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (CO3) y.
Ntibisanzwe isi
Ijambo rusange ryimvange ryakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zubutaka hamwe na ion ya oxalate, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (C2O4) y.
Ntibisanzwe isi ya fosifate
Ijambo rusange ryimvange ryakozwe no guhuza isi idasanzwe ya ion na fosifate ion, ubusanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (PO4) y.
Ntibisanzwe acetate
Ijambo rusange ryibintu byakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zisi hamwe na ion ya acetate, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (C2H3O2) y.
Alkalineisi idasanzwe
Ijambo rusange ryimvange ryakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zubutaka hamwe na hydroxide ion, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti RE (OH) y.
Ntibisanzwe isi
Ijambo rusange ryibintu byakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zisi hamwe na radicals ya stearate, ubusanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (C18H35O2) y.
Ntibisanzwe
Ijambo rusange ryimvange ryakozwe no guhuza ion zidasanzwe zubutaka hamwe na citrate ion, mubisanzwe bigereranywa na formulaire yimiti REx (C6H5O7) y.
Ntibisanzwe gutungisha isi
Ijambo rusange kubicuruzwa byabonetse mukongera ubunini bwibintu bidasanzwe byisi binyuze muburyo bwa chimique cyangwa physique.
Ntibisanzweubuziranenge
Igice kinini cyaisi idasanzwe(icyuma cyangwa oxyde) nkibice byingenzi bivanze, bigaragazwa nkijanisha.
Isuku igereranijwe yaisi idasanzwe
Yerekeza ku gice kinini cya runakaisi idasanzweikintu (icyuma cyangwa oxyde) muburyo bwuzuye bwaisi idasanzwe(icyuma cyangwa oxyde), bigaragazwa nkijanisha.
Igiteranyoisi idasanzweibirimo
Igice kinini cyibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka mubicuruzwa, bigaragazwa nkijanisha.Oxide n'umunyu wabo bigereranwa na REO, mugihe ibyuma nibisigazwa byabo bigereranwa na RE.
Ntibisanzweibirimo
Igice kinini cyubutaka budasanzwe bugereranywa na REO mubicuruzwa, byagaragajwe nkijanisha.
Ingaraguisi idasanzweibirimo
Igice kinini cya kimweisi idasanzwemukomatanya, bigaragazwa nkijanisha.
Ntibisanzweumwanda
Mubicuruzwa bidasanzwe byisi,isi idasanzweibintu bitari ibice byingenzi byibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byisi.
Nonisi idasanzweumwanda
Mubicuruzwa bidasanzwe byisi, ibindi bintu usibyeisi idasanzweIbintu.
Kugabanya gutwika
Igice kinini cyibintu bidasanzwe byisi byatakaye nyuma yo gutwikwa mubihe byagenwe, byagaragajwe nkijanisha.
Acide idashobora gushonga
Mubihe byagenwe, igipimo cyibintu bitangirika mubicuruzwa nigice kinini cyibicuruzwa, byagaragajwe nkijanisha.
Amazi adashobora gukomera
Imyivumbagatanyo yo kugabanuka kwinshiisi idasanzweigice cy'amazi.
Ntibisanzwe
Ikintu kigizwe naisi idasanzweibintu nibindi bintu bifite imiterere yicyuma.
Ntibisanzwe isi iringaniye
Leta yinzibacyuhoisi idasanzwe rbingana kubyara umusaruroisi idasanzweibicuruzwa.
Ntibisanzweibikoresho bikora
Gukoreshaisi idasanzweibintu nkibice byingenzi no gukoresha ibikoresho byiza bya optique, amashanyarazi, magnetiki, imiti nibindi bintu bidasanzwe, ingaruka zidasanzwe zumubiri, imiti, nibinyabuzima zirashobora gushirwaho kugirango tugere ku ntsinzi
Ubwoko bwibikoresho bikora bishobora guhinduka mubindi.Ahanini ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubuhanga buhanitse byo gukora ibice bitandukanye bikora kandi bigakoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byubuhanga buhanitse.Bikunze gukoreshwaisi idasanzweibikoresho bikora birimo ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya luminescent hamwe na magnetisme yisi idasanzwe
Ibikoresho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo kubika hydrogène, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byoza isi, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya catalitiki, nibindi.
Ntibisanzweinyongera
Kugirango tunoze imikorere yibicuruzwa, umubare muto wubutaka budasanzwe burimo ibintu byongerwaho mugihe cyo gukora.
Ntibisanzweinyongera
Ntibisanzwe isi igira uruhare runini mubikoresho bya chimique na polymer.Ntibisanzweibice bikora nk'inyongera mugutegura no gutunganya ibikoresho bya polymer (plastike, reberi, fibre synthique, nibindi)
Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro ikora bifite ingaruka zidasanzwe mugutezimbere gutunganya no gushyira mubikorwa imikorere ya polymer no kubaha imirimo mishya.
Kwinjiza ibicuruzwa
Oxide cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bitwarwa mubikoresho nkaingenzi zidasanzwe, insinga, n'inkoni.
Ntibisanzwe gutandukana kwisi
Yerekeza ku isano iri hagati yibirimo bitandukanyeisi idasanzweibice bivanze nisi idasanzwe ivanze, mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nkijanisha ryibintu bidasanzwe byisi cyangwa okiside.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-30-2023