Kubera uruganda rutanga umusaruro n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije, Ishami rya Powertrain rya Powertrain ririmo gukora cyane kugirango ukureho magnesi y'isi idasanzwe kuri moteri kandi irashaka ibindi bisubizo.
Tesla ntabwo yahimbye ibikoresho bishya rwose bya magnet, bityo irashobora gukora ikoranabuhanga risanzweho, birashoboka cyane ko ukoresha Ferrite ihendutse kandi byoroshye.
Nugushira witonze magnesi Ferrite hanyuma uhindure izindi ngingo zo gushushanya moteri, ibipimo byinshi byaIsi idasanzwegutwara moteri birashobora kwigana. Muri iki gihe, uburemere bwa moteri bwiyongereyeho hafi 30%, bishobora kuba itandukaniro rito ugereranije nuburemere bwimodoka.
4. Ibikoresho bishya bya Magnet bigomba kugira ibintu bitatu bikurikira bikurikira: 1) Bakeneye kugira agnetism; 2) Komeza kubungabunga magnetism imbere yizindi mirima ya magneti; 3) irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Nk'uko amakuru yikoranabuhanga yikoranabuhanga, uruganda rwimodoka rwamashanyarazi rwavuze ko ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bitazongera gukoreshwa mu modoka zayo, bivuze ko injeniyeri za tesla zigomba kuzirikana byimazeyo mugushakisha ibindi bisobanuro.
Ukwezi gushize, Elon Musk yashyize ahagaragara "igice cya gatatu cya gahunda ya shobuja" ku birori by'imibanire ya tesla. Muri bo, hari ibisobanuro bike byateje kumva mu bijyanye na fiziki. Colin Campbell, umuyobozi mukuru mu ishami rya Powertraf ya Tesla, yatangaje ko ikipe ye ikuraho magneti y'isi idasanzwe ku moko kubera ibibazo byo gutanga ibikoresho bibi ndetse n'ingaruka zikomeye zo kubyara magnesi y'isi.
Kugira ngo iyi ntego, Campbell yerekanye amashusho abiri arimo ibikoresho bitatu by'amayobera yanditseho ubuhanga bw'ubwenge, aho isi ya mbere ikoreshwa na sosiyete igera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cya garama. Ku gice cya kabiri, imikoreshereze yisi yose yisi yagabanutse kuri zeru.
Kubakuru bakuru biga imbaraga zubumaji zatewe na elegitoronike mu bikoresho bimwe, umwirondoro w'isi udasanzwe 1 uzwi cyane, ni urusaku. Iyo wongewe kubintu bisanzwe nkicyuma na Boron, iyi cyuma kirashobora gufasha kurema imbaraga, burigihe kumurima wa magneti. Ariko ibikoresho bike bifite iyi mico, ndetse nibice bike byisi byisi bikora imirima ya rukuruzi ishobora kwimura imodoka zirenga 2000, kimwe nibindi bintu byinshi biva mumyambarire yinganda. Niba tesla arateganya kuvanaho Neodymium nibindi bintu bidasanzwe kwisi ibintu biva muri moteri, niyihe magnet izakoresha aho?
Kuba fiziki, ikintu kimwe ntakekeranywa: tesla ntabwo yahimbye ubwoko bushya bwuzuye bwa magneti. Andy Blackburn, Visi Perezida wa Magney muri Magnets, yagize ati: "Mu myaka irenga 100, dushobora gusa kugira amahirwe make yo kubona magne nshya y'ubucuruzi." Niron Magnets nimwe mutabwo dutangira kugerageza gufata amahirwe akurikira.
Blackburn nabandi bizera ko bishoboka cyane ko tesla yahisemo gukora hamwe na rukuruzi ntoya. Mubishoboka byinshi, umukandida ugaragara ni Ferrite: ceraramic igizwe nicyuma na ogisijeni, bivanze nicyuma gito nki strontium. Byose birahendutse kandi byoroshye gukora, kandi kuva imiryango ya 1950, imiryango ya firigo ku isi yakozwe muri ubu buryo.
Ariko mubijyanye nubunini, gukurungura Ferrite ni kimwe gusa cya kimwe cya cumi cya neodymium magnets, itera ibibazo bishya. Igifaransa ci Ceo Elon Musk yahoraga kizwiho kutavuguruzanya, ariko niba tesla ari uguhindura Ferrite, bisa nkaho ibitekerezo bimwe bigomba gukorwa.
Biroroshye kwizera ko bateri ari imbaraga zimodoka zamashanyarazi, ariko mubyukuri, ni electronagnetique itwara ibinyabiziga byakagari. Ntabwo ari impanuka ihuye na tesla zombi hamwe na magnetique "tesla" yitiriwe umuntu umwe. Igihe electrons yanyura mu biceri muri moteri, babyara umurima w'amashanyarazi utwara imbaraga zinyuranye, bigatuma igiti cya moteri cyo kuzunguruka ninziga.
Kubiziga byinyuma byimodoka ya Tesla, izo ngabo zitangwa na matori zihoraho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bifite umurima uhamye kandi nta byinjijwe na spect spin ya electrons hafi ya atome. Tesla yatangiye kongeramo izi magneti kumodoka hashize imyaka itanu, kugirango yongere intera no kongera torque nta kuzamura bateri. Mbere yibi, isosiyete yakoresheje moteri yinjiza yakozwe hirya no hino ya electomagnets, itangwa na magnetisme mu kunywa amashanyarazi. Izo moderi ifite ibikoresho byimbere biracyakoresha ubu buryo.
Icyerekezo cya Tesla kugirango utere isi na magnesi gake isa nkaho idasanzwe. Amasosiyete yimodoka akunze guhangayikishwa no gukora neza, cyane cyane kubijyanye nibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, aho bikagerageza kumvisha abashoferi gutsinda ubwoba bwabo. Ariko nkuko abakora imodoka bitangiye kwagura igipimo cyimodoka zabinyabiziga, imishinga myinshi yafatwaga mbere ntiyigeze itera.
Ibi byatumye abakora imodoka, barimo Tesla, kugirango babyare imodoka nyinshi bakoresheje lithium foresphate (lfp). Ugereranije na bateri irimo ibintu nka collat na nikel, izi moderi akenshi zifite urwego rugufi. Ubu ni tekinoroji ya kera ifite uburemere bwinshi nubushobozi bwo kubika. Kugeza ubu, icyitegererezo cyakozwe nimbaraga zihuta zihuta zifite ibirometero 272), mugihe icyitegererezo cya kure cyujuje ibihimbano hamwe na bateri yateye imbere irashobora kugera ku bilometero 400 (640). Ariko, ikoreshwa rya lithium forphate ya fosithate irashobora guhitamo ubucuruzi bwumvikana, kuko yirinda gukoresha ibikoresho bihenze ndetse no guteza muri politiki.
Ariko, tesla ntabwo ishobora gusimbuza gusa magnets nibintu bibi, nka Ferrite, nta hantu hahindutse. Kaminuza ya UPSSALA PHINGISIS ALAINA Vishna yagize ati: "Uzatwara magney nini mu modoka yawe. Kubwamahirwe, amashanyarazi ni mashini zitoroshye hamwe nibindi bigize bibiri bishobora gutondekanya kugirango bigabanyirize ingaruka zo kugabanya ingaruka zo gukoresha ingaruka zintege nke.
Muri moderi za mudasobwa, isosiyete ikora ibikoresho iherutse kwiyemeza ko ibintu byinshi bitwara imikorere bidasanzwe bishobora kwigana no gushyira mu mwanya witonze magnets no guhindura izindi ngingo. Muri iki gihe, uburemere bwa moteri bwiyongereyeho hafi 30%, bishobora kuba itandukaniro rito ugereranije nuburemere bwimodoka.
Nubwo aba bababaye bababaye, amasosiyete yimodoka aracyafite impamvu nyinshi zo kureka ibintu bidasanzwe byisi, mugihe bashobora kubikora. Agaciro k'isoko ry'isi yose isa n'isoko ry'igigi muri Amerika, kandi mu buryo bw'isi, ibintu bidasanzwe, kandi bihinduka mu magisi yose, ariko bihinduka mu magisi yose, ariko bihinduka mu magisi yose, ariko bihinduka mu magisi yose, ariko mu ruganda, ibi bikorwa byerekana ibibazo byinshi.
Abasesenguzi b'amabuye y'agaciro kandi bazwi cyane ku blog Ramas Krumer yagize ati: "Iyi ni inganda za miliyari 10 z'amadolari, ariko agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byaturutse kuri tiriyari ya miriyari 2 kugeza kuri tiriyari 3 z'amadolari kugeza kuri tiriyari 3 z'amadolari ya $ 3, akaba ari uruzitiro runini. Kimwe kigenda imodoka. Nubwo baba zirimo ibiro bike byibi bintu, ukureho bivuze ko imodoka zidashobora gukora keretse niba ufite ubushake bwo kwikuramo moteri yose
Amerika n'Uburayi bagerageza gutandukanya iyi myuga. Californiya idasanzwe yisi, yafunzwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, iherutse gufungura no gutanga 15% by'isi idasanzwe y'isi. Muri Amerika, ibigo bya leta (cyane cyane ishami rishinzwe kwirwanaho) rikeneye gutanga magne zikomeye zo gutanga ibikoresho nk'indege na satelite, kandi bashishikajwe no gushora imari mu minyururu mu gihugu no mu Buyapani n'Uburayi. Ariko urebye ibiciro, Ikoranabuhanga risabwa, n'ibidukikije, iyi ni inzira itinda ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi cyangwa imyaka mirongo.
Igihe cya nyuma: Gicurasi-11-2023