Isi idasanzwe,Azwi ku izina rya "Ubutunzi" Ibikoresho bishya, nk'ibikoresho byihariye bikora, birashobora kunoza byinshi ubuziranenge n'imikorere y'ibindi bicuruzwa, kandi bizwi nka "vitamine" inganda zigezweho. Ntabwo bakoreshwa cyane mu nganda gakondo nka metallurgy, perrochemika, ubwoya bw'ikirahure, uruhu rwometseho, ariko kandi mu buhinzi bwa Optip, ariko bukagira ingaruka ku mibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko kandi mu rwego rwo kwinjiza ibizamutwe, kandi urwego rw'iterambere ry'iterambere rigaragara nka optique Ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, aerospace, n'inganda za kirimbuzi. Izi tekinolojiya zakoreshejwe neza mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, riteza imbere iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rya gisirikare.
Uruhare rwihariyeIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bishya mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rya gisirikare ryashimishije Guverinoma n'impuguke z'ibihugu bitandukanye, nko gutondekwa nk'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu nka Amerika n'Ubuyapani.
Intangiriro ngufi kuriIsi idasanzwes n'imibanire yabo n'ingabo za gisirikare n'igihugu
Mu magambo make, ibintu byose bidasanzwe byisi bifite ibyifuzo bimwe na bimwe bya gisirikare, ariko uruhare runini cyane bakina mu kwiregura kw'igihugu ndetse n'imirima ya gisirikare bagomba kuba mu bijyanye na Laser.
GusabaIsi idasanzweibyuma naIsi idasanzweIcyuma cyijimye mubuhanga bwa gisirikare cya gisirikare
1.1 GusabaIsi idasanzweIcyuma mubuhanga bwa gisirikare cya gisirikare
Imikorere ikubiyemo ibintu bibiri: kwezwa no kubogama, cyane cyane imbaraga, deoxidation, no gukuraho indwara zo gushonga kwangiza, no kuzamura imiterere yicyiciro cyangiza, no kuzamura ibikomeye hamwe na romosi. Abakozi bashinzwe ubumenyi bwa gisirikare na tekinoloji bateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi byisi bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ntwaro bakoresha imitungo yaIsi idasanzwe.
1.1.1 Amashanyarazi
Nko mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, inganda z'intwaro z'Ubushinwa zatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi ku isi ikoresha ku isi idasanzwe mu kigo cy'intwaro n'icyuma, kandi bikora nezaIsi idasanzweIbyuma bitwaje ibirwano nka 601, 603, na 623, Ushering mugihe gishya cyibikoresho byingenzi bya tank umusaruro wa tank mubushinwa ushingiye kumusaruro wo murugo.
1.1.2Isi idasanzweIbyuma bya karubone
Hagati ya 1960, Ubushinwa bwongeyeho 0.05%Isi idasanzweIbintu bigera kuri karubone-yo hejuru yo kubyaraIsi idasanzweIbyuma bya karubone. Ingaruka zagaciro zikirenga ziyi steel yisi yiyongereyeho 70% kugeza 100% ugereranije nicyuma cyumwimerere cya karubone, hamwe ningaruka zagaciro muri -40 ℃ hafi kabiri. Urubanza runini rwa karitsiye rwa Cartridge rwakozwe muri iyi mbaraga zagaragaye binyuze mu bizamini byo kurasa no kurasa kugirango byumvikane byuzuye. Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa burarangije no kuyikora, bumenya icyifuzo cy'Ubushinwa igihe kirekire cyo gusimbuza umuringa hamwe n'icyuma mu bikoresho bya karitsi.
1.1.3 Ntibisanzwe kwisi ibyuma byinshi bya Manganese kandi bidasanzwe kwisi
Isi idasanzweIcyuma cya Manganese ikoreshwa mu gukora amasahani ya tank inzira, mugiheIsi idasanzweCat Stoel akoreshwa mu gukora amababa yumurizo, feza ya muzzle, hamwe nibikoresho bya artillery ibice byo gutobora-kwihuta. Ibi birashobora kugabanya intambwe zitunganya, kunoza imikoreshereze yicyuma, no kugera kubipimo byamayeri nibipimo bya tekiniki.
1.2 Gushyira mu bikorwa isi idasanzwe NoDULTALA YATANDUKANYE Ibyuma mu Gihanga cya Gisirikare cya Gisirikare
Mu bihe byashize, ibikoresho by'imigereko cy'Ubushinwa byinjijwe mu Bushinwa bikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifite ingurube nziza ivanze na 30% kugeza kuri 40% steel. Kubera imbaraga zayo nke, gutontoma cyane, gucika intege gake kandi bidakomeye nyuma yo guturika, kandi bafite intege nke zo kwica intege nke, iterambere ry'imibiri y'inyungu ziteganijwe mbere. Kuva mu 1963, kalibers zitandukanye z'ibisasu bya mirtar yakozwe hakoreshejwe urunuka rw'isi, yongereye imitungo yabo y'isi, yongereye imitungo mibi, kandi ikarisha ibice by'ibice, kandi bikarisha imbaraga zabo. Igikonoshwa cyubwoko runaka bwibikoresho byimbunda nigikonoshwa cyimbunda cyakozwe muri iki kikoresho gifite umubare mwiza wo guhagarika umutima no kwica radiyo kuruta igikonoshwa.
Gushyira mu bikorwa bitari ferousgare yisis nka magnesium na aluminium mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa kigari
Isi idasanzweGira ibikorwa byinshi hamwe na atomic nini ya atomic. Iyo wongeyeho ibyuma bitari Frerus hamwe na alloys zabo, barashobora gutunganya ingano yingano, kubuza gaze, kunoza imiterere, no kunoza imiterere yububiko, no kunoza imitungo yuzuye nko kunoza imitungo, imitungo yumubiri, no gutunganya imikorere. Abakozi bo mu rugo ndetse n'amahanga bakoresheje imitungo yaIsi idasanzweguteza imbere ibishyaIsi idasanzweMagnesium alloys, aluminium alloys, Titanium alloys, nubushyuhe bwinshi cyane. Ibicuruzwa byakoreshwaga cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rya gisirikare nk'indege z'intambara, indege ziterwa, kajugujugu, ibinyabiziga byo mu kirere, ndetse na satelite.
2.1Isi idasanzwemagnesium alloy
Isi idasanzweMagnesium alloys ifite imbaraga zihariye, zirashobora kugabanya ibiro byindege, kunoza imikorere ya tactique, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byagutse. TheIsi idasanzweMagnesium Alloys Yakozwe n'Inganda z'indege z'Ubushinwa (nyuma ya Avic) Shyiramo amanota 10 ya Magnesium alloys na magnesium yahinduwe mu musaruro kandi ifite ireme. Kurugero, Zm 6 Cast Magnesium Aveloy hamwe na Rare Sit Neodymium nkuko nyamukuru byaguwe kugirango bigerweho mu bice byingenzi bigabanuka, imbavu zibabaye ku mashanyarazi 30. Isi idasanzwe-Imbaraga Magneyium Ally BM25 yateguwe hamwe nisosiyete ishingiye ku indege z'Ubushinwa ndetse n'ibyuma idahwitse yasimbuye ingufu mu ndege ziciriritse kandi yakoreshejwe mu ndege y'ingaruka.
2.2Isi idasanzweTitanium Alloy
Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, Ikigo cya Beijing cyibikoresho byo mu kirere (bivugwa ko ari ikigo) cyasimbuye aluminiyumu na silicon hamweNtibisanzwe ibyuma by'isi cerium (Ce) Muri Ti-A1-Mo Titanium alloys, igabanya imvura yo kuvunika ibyiciro no kunoza ubushyuhe bwa oloy no gutuza mu bushyuhe. Aha hashingiweho, hashyirwaho imikorere myinshi-ubushyuhe bwa titanium alloy Z0 irimo Cerium yatejwe imbere. Ugereranije nubushakashatsi bwaho mpuzamahanga, bifite inyungu zimwe zo kurwanya ubushyuhe, imbaraga, no gutunganya imikorere. Igishushanyo cya conversor cakozwe hamwe na moteri ya W PI3, kugabanya uburemere bwa buri ndege na 39 na 39 nongera guteranya uburemere na 1.5%. Byongeye kandi, Intambwe zitunganya ziragabanuka nka 30%, zigera ku nyungu zikomeye za tekiniki n'ubukungu, zuzura icyuho cyo gukoresha Titanium castings moteri y'indege mu Bushinwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari bitoceride oxideibice muri microstro ya ZT3 ALLY irimocerium.Ceriumihuza igice cya ogisijeni muri aluy kugirango zishyireho ibyuma no gukomera kwinshigare yisiibikoresho, CE2O3. Ibi bice bibangamira kugenda kwinyuranya mugihe cya Alloy Guhindura, kuzamura imikorere yubushyuhe bwinshi bwa alloy.CeriumGufata umwanda wa gaze (cyane cyane ku mbibi z'ingano), zishobora gushimangira politiki mugihe ukomeza gushikama. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo gushyira mu bikorwa igitekerezo cyo gukomera ingingo ishimangira muri Titonium Alloys. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yimyaka yubushakashatsi, Ikigo cyindege cya indege cyateye imbere gihamye kandi giherereweyttrium oxideIbikoresho byo ku mucanga n'ibikoresho muri Titanium Actanium, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ryo kuvura amabuye. Imaze kugera ku nzego nziza mu bukwe bwihariye, gukomera, no gutuza ku mazi ya titanium. Muburyo bwo guhindura no kugenzura imikorere yibishanguko, byerekanye ko ari hejuru cyane. Inyungu zidasanzwe zo gukoresha yttrium oxide igikonoshwa kugirango ukore titanium titanium inzira yo hejuru yububiko, birashoboka ko urwego rwibiti binanze, haratunganiza inzira yo hejuru. Kugeza ubu, iyi nzira yakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora indege zitandukanye, moteri, hamwe na gisivili.
2.3Isi idasanzwealuminium alloy
Ubushyuhe bwa HZL206, Aluminum Alumunum ikubiyemo isi idasanzwe yateguwe na Avic ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwikirere ugereranije na Nikel birimo inzira igezweho ya alloys mumahanga. Ubu ikoreshwa nkumuvuduko urwanya kajugujugu nindege zintambara zifite ubushyuhe bwakazi 300 ℃, gusimbuza ibyuma na titanium alloys. Yagabanije uburemere kandi yashyizwe mu musaruro mwinshi. Imbaraga za tensile yaIsi idasanzweAluminum silicon hypereutectic zl117 aly muri 200-300 ℃ ari hejuru kurenza iy'uburengerazuba bwa Budage piston Alloys KS280 na KS282. Kwambara kwa kwambara ni inshuro 4-5 hejuru yiya piston ikoreshwa na helloys zl108, hamwe nuburyo buke bwo kwagura umurongo hamwe no gutuza kwinshi. Yakoreshejwe mubikoresho byindege Ky-5, ky-7 compressor yindege na moteri yindege ya moteri. WongeyehoIsi idasanzweibintu to aluminium alloys itezimbere cyane ibikorwa bya microst hamwe na robine. Uburyo bw'ibikorwa by'isi idasanzwe muri aluminium ni ugushiraho ikwirakwizwa ryatatanye, kandi ibice bito bya aluminiyumu bifite uruhare runini mu gushimangira icyiciro cya kabiri; WongeyehoIsi idasanzweIbintu bigira uruhare mu gutesha agaciro no kweza, bityo bigabanya umubare wa pores muri tkoluy no kuzamura imikorere yayo;Isi idasanzweIbigo bya Aluminium, nka HyeteroGous Crystal Nuclei kugirango arusheho ibinyampeke nibice bya eubactike, nabyo ni ubwoko bwihindura; Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi biteza imbere ishyirwaho no kunonosora ibyiciro byicyuma, bigabanya ingaruka mbi. α- Igisubizo gikomeye cyibisubizo muri A1 bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwaIsi idasanzweOngeraho, ni ingirakamaro mu kuzamura imbaraga na plastike.
GusabaIsi idasanzweIbikoresho byo gutwika mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa gisirikare
3.1 YeraNtibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisi
KweraNtibisanzwe Ibyuma Byisi, kubera imitungo yabo ikora, ikunda kubyitwaramo ya ogisijeni, sulfure, na azote kugirango ikore ibice bihamye. Iyo bakorewe amakimbirane akomeye n'ingaruka, ibishashi birashobora gutwika ibikoresho byaka. Kubwibyo, hakiri 1908, byakozwe muri flint. Byagaragaye ko muri 17Isi idasanzweIbintu, ibintu bitandatu birimocerium, lanthanam, Neodymium, Praseodymium, samariya, nayttriumkugira byinshi byiza bya arson. Abantu bahinduye ibintu bya arson ya rni ibyuma byisiMu bwoko butandukanye bw'intwaro zikaze, nka Amerika Mariko 82 227 kg, ikoreshaNtibisanzwe ibyuma byisiumurongo, utabyara gusa ingaruka ziturika gusa ahubwo no hejuru. Umuyaga wo mu Buhuriro muri Amerika "Rocked Umusozi wa Roketi ufite ibikoresho 108 bidasanzwe inkoni kare nk'ibibaya, bisimbuza ibice bimwe byambere. Ibizamini bivuguruza byerekanye ko ubushobozi bwayo bwo guca indege ari hejuru ya 44% kurenza iy'abantu bafite umurongo.
3.2 ivanzeNtibisanzwe ibyuma by'isis
Bitewe nigiciro kinini cyaNtibisanzwe ibyuma by'isi,Ibihugu bitandukanye bikoresha cyaneNtibisanzwe ibyuma by'isis intwaro zo gutwika. IgihimbanoNtibisanzwe ibyuma by'isiUmukozi wo gutwika aremerewe mu icyuma gitungurwa mu buryo bukabije, afite ubucucike bwa (1.9 ~ 2.1) × 103 kg / m, ubushyuhe bwa Flame bwakozwe na 1715-2000. Nyuma yo gutwikwa, igihe cyo gushyushya umubiri kibabaza ni iminota 5. Mu ntambara yo muri Vietnam, ingabo z'Amerika zatangije grenade ya 40mm ikoresheje umwobo, kandi umuriro uhuza imbere wakozwe mu icyuma kivanze cy'isi. Nyuma yo guturika gutya, buri gice gifite umurongo wa gucan umurongo urashobora gutwika intego. Muri kiriya gihe, umusaruro wa buri kwezi wo guterana ugera ku 200000, ufite impande nyinshi 260000.
3.3Isi idasanzwegutwika alloys
AIsi idasanzweKurwanya Akoloy bipima 100 G irashobora gukora ibishishwa 200-3000 hamwe nigice kinini, kikaba gihwanye na radiyo yica intwaro zipimisha ibishishwa nintwaro. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryimibonano mpuzabitsina ryimibonano mpuzabitsina hamwe nububasha bwo gutwika byabaye imwe mumabwiriza nyamukuru yamasasu murugo no mumahanga. Kubwo gutobora intwaro no gutobora ibitwaro, imikorere yabo y'amayeri isaba ko nyuma yo kwinjira nyuma yumwanzi tank ibirwanisho, barashobora kandi guhuza lisansi n'amasasu yo gusenya neza tank. Kuri grenade, birasabwa gutwika ibikoresho bya gisirikare nibikoresho bifatika biri murwego rwabo. Bivugwa ko igisasu cya plastike kidasanzwe mu gisasu cyakozwe muri Amerika kigizwe n'umubiri wa fibreglass bashimangiye nylon kandi bikoreshwa mu kugira ingaruka nziza ku ntego zirimo ibikoresho bya indege n'ibikoresho bisa.
Gusaba 4Isi idasanzweIbikoresho byo kurengera Igisirikare hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi
4.1 Gusaba tekinoroji yo kurengera igisirikare
Ibintu bidasanzwe byisi bifite imitungo irwanya imirasire. Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kwambukiranya Neutron muri Amerika byakoresheje ibikoresho bya Polymer nka gasimbura kandi bigakora ibyapa bibiri by'umubumbe wa mm 10 hamwe n'ibihugu byo kurinda imirasire. Ibisubizo byerekana ko ingaruka nziza nziza neutron zikingiraIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Polymer ni inshuro 5-6 kurenza iyo yaIsi idasanzweibikoresho bya polymer yubuntu. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi hamwe nibintu byongeweho nkasamariya, Europium, gadolinium, dysprosium. Kugeza ubu, ibyifuzo nyamukuru byisi idasanzwe yo kurwanya imirasire mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare harimo ibintu bikurikira.
4.1.1 Imirasire ya kirimbuzi
Amerika ikoresha 1% Boron na 5% bidasanzwe kwisigadolinium, samariya, nalanthanamKugirango ukore imirasire ya 600m z'ubunini irwanya beto yo gukingira netron amasoko ya Stussing muri pisine. Ubufaransa bwateje imbere ibikoresho byo kurinda isi bidasanzwe wongeyeho ibitambo,Isi idasanzweibice, cyangwagake isiku gishushanyo nka substrate. Uzuza ibi bikoresho bigize uruhare runini kugirango bitangwe kandi bikozwe mubice byabanjirijembere, bishyirwa hafi yumuyoboro wa reaction ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byibice bigize.
4.1.2 tank imirasire yubushyuhe
Igizwe nibice bine byubwenge, hamwe nubwinshi bwa cm 5-20. Igice cya mbere gikozwe muri fibre yikirahure yashimangiye plastike, hamwe na powder inorubani yiyongera hamwe na 2%Isi idasanzweibice nkuyuzuza kugirango uhagarike neutrons byihuse kandi zikurura netrons itinda; Ibice bya kabiri na gatatu byongeweho. Igice cya kane gikoresha igishushanyo aho kuba fibre yikirahure, hanyuma wongere 25%Isi idasanzweibice byo gukuramo amashusho yubushyuhe.
4.1.3 Abandi
GusabaIsi idasanzweAmavuta yo kurwanya imirasire kuri tanki, amato, ubuhungiro, nibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare birashobora kugira ingaruka zo kurwanya imirasire.
4.2 Gusaba tekinoroji ya kirimbuzi
Isi idasanzweyttrium oxideIrashobora gukoreshwa nka absorber yaka kuri lisansi ya Uranium mumazi abiramo (BWRS). Mubintu byose,gadoliniumifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukuramo neutrons, hamwe nibitekerezo 4600 kuri atom. Buri gisanzwegadoliniumAtome akuramo impuzandengo ya neutrons 4 mbere yo gutsindwa. Iyo uvanze na Uranium,gadoliniumIrashobora guteza imbere gutwikwa, kugabanya ibikoreshwa mu nzunium, no kongera umusaruro w'ingufu.Gadolinium oxidentabwo itanga umusaruro wangiza byakozwe na Bouterium nka Boron Carbide, kandi irashobora guhuzwa na lisansi ya Uranium hamwe nibikoresho byayo mugihe cyibisubizo bya kirimbuzi. Ibyiza byo gukoreshagadoliniumaho kuba boron nibyogadoliniumIrashobora kuvangwa mu buryo butaziguye na Uranium kugirango irinde inkongi y'umuriro wa kirimbuzi. Nk'uko imibare ivuga ko kuri ubu hari 149 babiteguye ku isi hose, muri byo 115 batunze imitobe y'amazi bakoresha isi idasanzwegadolinium oxide. Isi idasanzwesamariya, Europium, nadysprosiumByakoreshejwe nkibintu bya Neutron murozi muri Neutron.Isi idasanzwe yttriumIfite igice gito cyambukiranya mu negerane kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byungurusha imiyoboro yashokira. Imyanya yoroheje hamweIsi idasanzwe gadoliniumnadysprosiumIrashobora gukoreshwa nkibishishwa bya Neutron muri Aerospace na Nuclear Inganda Ubwubatsi, umubare muto waIsi idasanzweThuliumnaerbiumIrashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byateganijwe kubijyanye na Tube Neutron generan, kandigare yisiEuropium y'icyuma ceramics irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora amasahani yo kugenzura.Isi idasanzwegadoliniumirashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkimodoka yongeyeho kugirango irinde imirasire ya neutron, nibinyabiziga byintwaro byatwikiriye ibintu bidasanzwe birimogadolinium oxideirashobora gukumira imirasire ya Neutron.Isi idasanzwe ytterbiumikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gupima geostress yatewe no guturika kwa kirimbuzi. Ryaribidasanzwehytterbiumikorerwa imbaraga, imyigaragange yiyongera, kandi impinduka mu kurwanya irashobora gukoreshwa mu kubara igitutu cyakorewe. GuhuzaIsi idasanzwe gadoliniumFoil yabitswe hamwe na Vapor Kugereranya no gukomera gukomeye hamwe nibintu byoroshye guhangayika birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima imihangayiko nini ya kirimbuzi.
5, gusabaIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Magnet bihoraho mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa gisirikare
TheIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho, byemejwe nkigisekuru gishya cyabami ba rukuru, ubu bizwi nkimikorere yuzuye yimikorere ya magnet. Ifite inshuro zirenga 100 Magnetike kuruta ibyuma bya rukuruzi byakoreshwaga mubikoresho bya gisirikare mu myaka ya za 70. Kugeza ubu, byahindutse ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu itumanaho rya elegitoronike rigezweho, rikoreshwa mu ngendo zigenda kandi rikuru mu isi y'isi, radar, n'ibindi bice. Kubwibyo, ifite akamaro kanini.
SamariyaAGACOT MAGASNES na Neodymium Bron Magnets ikoreshwa muri Electron Beam yibanda muri sisitemu yo kuyobora misile. Magneti nibintu byingenzi byibanda kubice bya electron kandi bigatuma amakuru agenga kugenzura ubuso bwa misile. Hano hari pound hafi 5-10 (2.27-4.54 kg) ya magnets muri buriwese yibanda kubikoresho bya misile. Byongeye,Isi idasanzweMagnets nayo ikoreshwa mugutwara amashanyarazi no kuzenguruka amazu ya misile ziyobowe. Ibyiza byabo bibeshya mumitungo yabo ikomeye ya magnetique hamwe nuburemere bworoshye ugereranije na aluminium umwimerere nikel magnets.
6.GusabaIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya laser mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa gisirikare
Laser ni ubwoko bushya bwinkomoko yumucyo ifite monoroma nziza, icyerekezo, no guhuza, kandi birashobora kugera kumucyo mwinshi. Laser naIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya laser byavutse icyarimwe. Kugeza ubu, hafi 90% y'ibikoresho bya laser birimoIsi idasanzwe. Kurugero,yttriumAluminum Garnel Crystal ni laser nyinshi zikoreshwa cyane zishobora kugeraho guhoraho-imbaraga zo hejuru mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Gushyira mu bikorwa abahiga bakomeye mu gisirikare bigezweho birimo ibintu bikurikira.
6.1 Kugabanuka
TheNeodymiumIbikorwayttriumUmuyoboro wa Aluminum Laser Sisitemu yintwaro nka Umunyamerika MI, Leopard y'Ubudage I, ubwoko bw'Ubufaransa, ubwoko bw'Ubuyapani, Maka wa Isiraheli, hamwe n'avoka uheruka guterana ibitekerezo 2 byose bikoresha ubu bwoko bwa Laser Rangefinder. Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bimwe biteza imbere igisekuru gishya cya laser laser kubwumutekano w'amaso, hamwe nuburakari bwa 1.5-2.1 μ MI. Hakozwe na MESEFInders ya Laser yatejwe imbere hashyizwehoHollymiumIbikorwayttriumLithium fluoride lasers muri Amerika n'Ubwongereza, hamwe n'uburebure bwakazi bwa 2.06 μ m, kuva kuri m 3000. Amerika yakoranye kandi n'amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ya Laser kugira ngo atere imbere erbiumyttriumLithium fluoride laser hamwe nuburebure bwa 1.73 μ MONS Laser Ranger kandi ifite ibikoresho byinshi hamwe ningabo. Uburebure bwa Laser Waveler wo mu gisirikare cy'Ubushinwa ni 1.06 μ m, kuva kuri 200 kugeza 7000 m. Ubushinwa bubona amakuru yingenzi muri tereviziyo ya laser theododote mugihe cyo gutangiza roketi ndende, misile, na satelite igerageza.
6.2 Ubuyobozi bwa Laser
Ibisasu bya laser biyobora bikoresha laseri kubuyobozi bwa terminal. ND · Yag Laser, isohora impipo nyinshi ku masegonda, ikoreshwa mu kurakaza intego. Impimu yashizwemo kandi urumuri rushobora kuyobora igisubizo cya misile, bityo gukumira kwivanga mu gutangiza misile n'inzitizi zashyizweho n'umwanzi. Ikisasu cya Gisirikare cya Gisirikare cya Gisirikare-15 Glider, kizwi kandi ku izina rya "Bomb". Mu buryo nk'ubwo, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukora ibishishwa bya laser.
6.3 Itumanaho rya Larse
Usibye ND · Yag, Ibisohoka bya Laser bya LithiumNeodymiumforesfate Crystal (LNP) irasakuza kandi yoroshye kugereranya, ikabigira kimwe mubikoresho bya micro laser. Birakwiriye nkisoko yoroheje kuri fibre optique ishyikirana kandi biteganijwe ko izakoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza neza no gutumanaho. Byongeye,yttriumGarnet (Y3FE5O12) Crystal imwe irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bitandukanye bya magnetostatique ukoresheje tekinoroji yo guhuza imicroganwa, gukora ibikoresho byihuza na microwave, no kugira ibikoresho byihariye muri kadamu kure, telettomeroniki.
7. GusabaIsi idasanzweIbikoresho ndengagura mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa gisirikare
Iyo ibintu bimwe byagaragaye ko zeru birwanya ubushyuhe runaka, bizwi nka supercondactivivivit, ni ubuhe bushyuhe bukomeye (TC). Abakinnyi benshi ni ubwoko bwibikoresho birwanya bikuraho kugerageza gukurikiza umurima wa rukuru munsi yubushyuhe bukomeye, buzwi nkingaruka za kilisi. Ongeraho isi idasanzwe kubikoresho birenze urugero birashobora kongera ubushyuhe bwa TC. Ibi biteza imbere iterambere no gushyira mubikorwa ibikoresho ndeke. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ibihugu byateye imbere nka Amerika n'Ubuyapani byongeyeho umubare runaka wagare yisis besti nkalanthanam, yttrium,Europium, naerbiumKuri barium oxide kandiumuringaIbigize, byaravanze, ukandagira, kandi byanze kugirango ushyireho ibikoresho byinshi byo gutangaza, bigakoresha ikoranabuhanga rikabije, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, cyane cyane.
7.1 Ikarita yometseho imirongo ihuriweho
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi ku gukurikiza tekinoroji y'ikirenga muri mudasobwa ya elegitoronike yakozwe mu mahanga, kandi imirongo y'ingengaza zitera imbere yatejwe imbere hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo muri Ceramic. Niba ubu bwoko bwumuzungurukosome bukoreshwa mugukora mudasobwa nyinshi, itazaba nto gusa, kandi yoroshye gukoresha imibare 10 kugeza kuri 100 kugeza kuri 100 kugeza kuri tiriyari imwe kugeza kuri 1. Kubwibyo, guhanura igisirikare cyo muri Amerika koko supercondating mudasobwa zizatangizwa, bazahinduka "kugwiza" kugirango ibikorwa byintambara bya sisitemu ya C1.
7.2 Ingero za Magnetic Magnetic
Ibigize Magnetic byunvikana bikozwe mubikoresho bya ceramic bifite ingano ntoya, bigatuma byoroshye kugera ku kwishyira hamwe no gukomeza. Barashobora gukora imiyoboro myinshi yo gutahura na sisitemu nyinshi zo gutahura, kongera ubushobozi bwamakuru yubuyobozi kandi bakuza cyane intera ya magneti. Gukoresha magneforucting magnetometer ntishobora kumenya gusa intego yimuka nkibigega, ibinyabiziga, na submarine bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye mumayeri hamwe na tank na anti submarine.
Biravugwa ko inganda na Amerika zahisemo guteza imbere satelite ya kure akoresheje ibiIsi idasanzweIbikoresho byinshi byo kwerekana no kunoza ikoranabuhanga gakondo ya kure. Iyi satelite yise indogobe yisi yisi iratangizwa mu 2000.
8.GusabaIsi idasanzweIbikoresho binini bya magnetostiza mubuhanga bwa gisirikare bwa gisirikare
Isi idasanzweIbikoresho binini bya magnetostIkuntu ni ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bikora byateye imbere mu mpera za 1980 mumahanga. Ahanini bivuga ku isi idasanzwe ibice byicyuma. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho bufite agaciro kanini cyane kuruta icyuma, nikel, hamwe nibindi bikoresho, hamwe na magnetostlesturcections harenze inshuro 102-103 kurenza ibikoresho rusange bya magnetostraction, bityo bitwa ibikoresho binini cyangwa byinshi byitwa magnetostraction. Mubikoresho byose byubucuruzi, ibikoresho binini byisi magnetostreative bifite agaciro gakomeye nimbaraga zikoreshwa mubikorwa. Cyane cyane hamwe niterambere ryiza rya Terfenol-d magnetostreactions the magnetostreaction, ibihe bishya byibikoresho bya magnetosthique. Iyo Terfengol-d ishyirwa mu murima wa rukuruzi, itandukaniro rinini riruta iy'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya magneti, bituma habaho gushimangira ingendo za mashini zigomba kugerwaho. Kugeza ubu, bikoreshwa cyane mumirima itandukanye, uhereye kuri sisitemu ya lisansi, igenzura ryamazi, micro ihagaze mubikoresho bya mashini kuri telesikope ya poropakoro hamwe nindege. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Terfengol-D ryateye imbere bikabije muri tekinoroji ya electromenical. Kandi yagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere guhangana na tekinoroji y'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, no kuvugurura inganda gakondo. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho by'isi bidasanzwe by'isi mu gisirikare cya none birimo ibintu bikurikira:
8.1 Sonar
Indirimbo rusange ya Sonar iri hejuru ya 2 KHZ, ariko inshuro nke-ntoya zifite ibyiza byihariye: ntoya, ntoya ikwirakwizwa, kandi ntabwo yanduye amajwi ya ECA yingiye. SYANAR akozwe mubintu bya Terfenol-d birashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa imbaraga nyinshi, ingano nto, hamwe n'imiduka mike, nuko bateye imbere byihuse.
8.2 Amashanyarazi ya Mechanical
Ahanini ikoreshwa mubikoresho bito bigenzurwa - Absuator. Harimo kugenzura neza kugera ku rwego rwa Nanometer, kimwe na serivise ya serivise, sisitemu ya lisansi, feri yakoreshejwe mu modoka za gisirikare, indege ya gisirikare n'ubworozi, Indorerezi za Gisirikare, n'ibindi.
8.3 Ssermer n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki
Nka magnetometero zo mu mufuka, sensor yo gutahura kwimurwa, imbaraga, no kwihuta, kandi bikabarika hejuru ya acoustic ibikoresho. Iyanyuma ikoreshwa mubyiciro Sessor muri Mines, Sonar, hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika muri mudasobwa.
9. Ibindi bikoresho
Ibindi bikoresho nkaIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Lundentcent,Isi idasanzweIbikoresho byo kubika hydrogen, ibintu binini byisi magnetistestisa,Isi idasanzweIbikoresho byo gukonja magnetiki, naIsi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Magneto-optique byose byakoreshejwe mu gisirikare cya none, kuzamura cyane imbaraga z'intwaro zigezweho. Kurugero,Isi idasanzweIbikoresho bya Luminescent byakoreshejwe neza mubyerekezo bya Vision. Mu ijoro rimwe na rimwe indorerwamo, isi idasanzwe isi ihindura amafoto (ingufu zoroheje) muri electron, ziyongera binyuze muri miriyoni z'inzobere muri fibre optic microscope, mu rukuta, kurekura electron nyinshi. Bamwe mu Isi Posophors ku isi ku murizo barangiza basubira mu mafoto, bityo ishusho irashobora kugaragara n'amaso. Iyi nzira isa niya ecran ya tereviziyo, ahoIsi idasanzweIfu ya fluorescent isohora ishusho runaka yamabara kuri ecran. Inganda zumunyamerika mubisanzwe zikoresha umwijima wa niobium, ariko kuri vino yepfo yo gutsinda, ikintu kidasanzwe cyisilanthanamni ikintu gikomeye. Mu ntambara yo mu kigobe, imbaraga z'imibonano mpuzabitsina zakoreshejwe muri iyi joro helsion isenyuka kwizihiza intego z'ingabo za Iraki igihe gito, mu rwego rwo gutsinda.
10 .conSlusion
Iterambere ryaIsi idasanzweInganda zateje imbere iterambere ryuzuye ryikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rigezweho, kandi iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare naryo ryirukanye iterambere ryaIsi idasanzweinganda. Nizera ko hamwe no gutera imbere byihuse kwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ku isi,Isi idasanzweIbicuruzwa bizagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare rya gisirikare hamwe n'imirimo yabo idasanzwe, kandi izane inyungu nini zubukungu nindashyikirwa mubukungu naIsi idasanzweinganda ubwayo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nov-29-2023