Vuba aha, mugihe ibiciro byibicuruzwa byinshi byimbere mu gihugu hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitagira fer fer bigabanuka, igiciro cy’isoko ry’ubutaka budasanzwe cyateye imbere, cyane cyane mu mpera z'Ukwakira, aho igiciro cyagutse kandi ibikorwa by'abacuruzi bikaba byiyongereye .Kurugero, icyuma cya praseodymium nicyuma cya neodymium biragoye kubibona mu Kwakira, kandi kugura bihendutse byabaye akamenyero munganda.Igiciro cyibibanza byicyuma cya praseodymium neodymium cyageze kuri 910.000 yuan / toni, kandi igiciro cya oxyde ya praseodymium neodymium nacyo cyagumanye igiciro kiri hejuru ya 735.000 kugeza 740.000 yuan / toni.
Abasesenguzi ku isoko bavuze ko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’isi bidasanzwe biterwa ahanini n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ibikenewe byiyongera muri iki gihe, kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ibarura rito.Hamwe nigihe cyo gutondekanya ibihe byigihembwe cya kane, ibiciro bidasanzwe byisi biracyafite umuvuduko wo hejuru.Mubyukuri, impamvu yo kuzamuka kwibiciro bidasanzwe byisi biterwa ahanini no gukenera ingufu nshya.Muyandi magambo, izamuka ryibiciro byisi bidasanzwe mubyukuri kugendera ku mbaraga nshya.
Nkurikije imibare ifatika, mu gihembwe cya mbere cyuyu mwaka, igihugu cyanjye's kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigeze aharindimuka.Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri, igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Bushinwa ryari miliyoni 2.157, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 1,9 naho umwaka ushize wiyongera inshuro 1.4.11,6% by'isosiyete's kugurisha imodoka.
Iterambere ryimodoka nshya yingufu ryungukiye cyane inganda zidasanzwe.NdFeB ni umwe muri bo.Ibikoresho bya magnetiki bikora cyane bikoreshwa cyane mubice byimodoka, ingufu zumuyaga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibindi.Mu myaka yashize, isoko rya NdFeB ryiyongereye cyane.Ugereranije n’imihindagurikire y’imiterere y’imikoreshereze mu myaka itanu ishize, umubare w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu wikubye kabiri.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’impuguke y’umunyamerika David Abraham mu gitabo cyitwa “Periodic Table of Elements”, ibinyabiziga bigezweho (ingufu nshya) bifite moteri zirenga 40, ibyuma birenga 20, kandi bikoresha garama 500 z’ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka.Buri kinyabiziga kivanze gikeneye gukoresha kilo 1.5 yibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magnetiki.Ku bakora ibinyabiziga bikomeye, ibura rya chip rigenda rihinduka mubyukuri ni amakosa yoroheje, ayagufi, kandi birashoboka ko "isi idasanzwe ku ruziga" murwego rwo gutanga.
Aburahamu's imvugo ntabwo ari ugukabya.Inganda zidasanzwe zisi zizagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu.Nka neodymium fer boron, ni igice cyingirakamaro cyimodoka nshya zingufu.Urebye neza hejuru, neodymium, praseodymium na dysprosium mubutaka budasanzwe nabyo ni ibikoresho fatizo bya neodymium fer boron.Gutera imbere kw'isoko rishya ry'ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu byanze bikunze bizatuma habaho kwiyongera kw'ibikoresho bidasanzwe ku isi nka neodymium.
Mu ntego ya karuboni no kutabogama kwa karubone, igihugu kizakomeza kongera politiki yacyo mu guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu.Inama y’igihugu iherutse gusohora “Gahunda y’ibikorwa bya Carbone Peaking mu 2030 ″, isaba guteza imbere cyane ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, kugabanya buhoro buhoro umugabane w’ibinyabiziga bya peteroli gakondo mu gukora ibinyabiziga bishya no gufata ibinyabiziga, guteza imbere ubundi buryo bw’amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga bikorera mu mujyi, kandi guteza imbere amashanyarazi na hydrogen.Ibicanwa, lisansi isanzwe ikoreshwa nibinyabiziga bitwara ibintu biremereye.Gahunda y'ibikorwa yasobanuye kandi ko mu 2030, igipimo cy’ingufu nshya n’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zisukuye kizagera kuri 40%, kandi ubukana bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuri buri cyumweru guhindura ibinyabiziga bikora bizagabanukaho 9.5% ugereranije na 2020.
Iyi ninyungu nini mubikorwa bidasanzwe byisi.Dukurikije ibigereranyo, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizatangira kwiyongera biturika mbere ya 2030, kandi inganda z’imodoka n’igihugu cyanjye zikoresha amamodoka zizongera kubaka amasoko mashya.Hihishe inyuma yiyi ntego ya macro nicyo gikenewe cyane kubutaka budasanzwe.Icyifuzo cy’imodoka nshya zifite ingufu zimaze kugera ku 10% by’ibicuruzwa bikenerwa cyane na NdFeB, kandi hafi 30% by’ibisabwa byiyongera.Dufashe ko kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizagera kuri miliyoni 18 mu 2025, icyifuzo cy’imodoka nshya ziziyongera kugera kuri 27.4%.
Iterambere ry’intego ya “karuboni ebyiri”, ubuyobozi bw’ibanze n’ibanze buzashyigikira byimazeyo kandi biteze imbere iterambere ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, kandi politiki y’ingoboka izakomeza gusohoka kandi ishyirwe mu bikorwa.Kubwibyo, niba ari ukongera ishoramari mu mbaraga nshya mugikorwa cyo gushyira mu bikorwa intego ya “karuboni ebyiri”, cyangwa kuzamuka ku isoko rishya ry’imodoka, byazanye kwiyongera cyane
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022