Ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka neodymium

Bastnaesite

Neodymium, atomike numero 60, uburemere bwa atome 144.24, hamwe nibirimo 0.00239% mubutaka, cyane cyane muri monazite na bastnaesite.Hariho isotopi irindwi ya neodymium muri kamere:neodymium142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, na 150, hamwe na neodymium 142 ifite ibintu byinshi.Hamwe no kuvuka kwapraseodymiumelement,neodymiumikintu nacyo cyagaragaye.Ukuza kwaneodymiumIkintu cyatangijeisi idasanzweumurima, yagize uruhare runini muriisi idasanzweumurima, kandi ugenzura iisi idasanzweisoko.

Ubuvumbuzi bwaNeodymium

Karl von Welsbach (1858-1929), uvumbuyeNeodymium

Mu 1885, umuhanga mu bya shimi wo muri Otirishiya Carl Auer von Welsbach yavumbuyeneodymiumi Vienne.YatandukanyeneodymiumnapraseodymiumKuva mu buryo bumweneodymiumibikoresho mugutandukanya kristaline ammonium dinitrate tetrahydrate na acide ya nitric, ikabitandukanya binyuze mubisesengura.Ariko rero, gushika mu 1925 ni bwo batandukanijwe mu buryo busa neza.

Kuva muri 1950, ubuziranenge-hejuru (hejuru ya 99%)neodymiumyabonetse cyane cyane binyuze muburyo bwo guhana ion ya monazite.Icyuma ubwacyo kibonwa na electrolysis yumunyu wa halide.Kugeza ubu, benshineodymiumikurwa mu ibuye rya Bastana (Ce, La, Nd, Pr) CO3F hanyuma igasukurwa binyuze mu gukuramo ibishishwa.Ion yoguhana isoni yabitswe mugutegura isuku ryinshi (mubisanzwe> 99,99%).Kubera ingorane zo gukuraho ibimenyetso byanyuma byapraseodymiummugihe cyinganda zishingiye ku ntambwe ku yindi tekinoroji yo gutegera, hakiri kareneodymiumikirahuri cyakozwe mu myaka ya za 1930 cyari gifite ibara ry'umuyugubwe cyangwa icunga rya orange kurusha verisiyo zigezweho.

Neodymium Metal

Icyuma cya Neodymiumifite ifeza yumucyo yumucyo, ahantu ho gushonga ya 1024 ° C, nubucucike bwa 7.004g / cm ³ has Ifite paramagnetism.Neodymiumni kimwe mubikorwa cyaneubutaka budasanzwe, ihindura vuba kandi ikijimye mu kirere, ikora urwego rwa oxyde hanyuma igashonga, ikerekana icyuma kugirango irusheho okiside.Kubwibyo, santimetero ninineodymiumicyitegererezo kirimo okiside rwose mumwaka umwe.Koresha buhoro buhoro mumazi akonje kandi vuba mumazi ashyushye.

Neodymiumimiterere ya elegitoroniki

Imiterere ya elegitoroniki:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Imikorere ya laser yaneodymiumbiterwa ninzibacyuho ya 4f orbital electron hagati yinzego zitandukanye zingufu.Ibikoresho bya laser bikoreshwa cyane mubitumanaho, kubika amakuru, kuvura, gutunganya imashini, no mubindi bice.Muri bo,ytrium aluminiumgarnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byayo byiza, kimwe na Nd dopedgadolinium scandiumgallium garnet hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse.

Gushyira mu bikorwaneodymium 

Umukoresha munini waneodymiumni neodymium icyuma boron ibikoresho bya magnet bihoraho.Neodymium fer boron magnet ifite ingufu za magneti nyinshi kandi zizwi nk "umwami wa magnesi zihoraho".Zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka electronics n'imashini kubera imikorere myiza yazo.Francis Wall, umwarimu w’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro mu ishuri ry’ubucukuzi bwa Cumburn muri kaminuza ya Exeter mu Bwongereza, yagize ati: “Ku bijyanye na magnesi, mu byukuri nta piganwa riharineodymium. ”Iterambere ryiza rya Alpha magnetic spectrometer ryerekana ko Ubushinwa butandukanye bwa magnetique ya neodymium fer boron magnet igeze kurwego rwisi.

Neodymium magnet kuri disiki ikomeye

NeodymiumIrashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ubukerarugendo, ikirahuri cyijimye cyijimye, amabuye ya rubavu muri lazeri, nikirahure kidasanzwe gishobora gushungura imirasire yimirasire.Byakoreshejwe hamwepraseodymiumgukora amadarubindi kubakozi bavuza ibirahuri.

Ongeraho 1.5% kugeza 2,5% nanookiside neodymiumkuri magnesium cyangwa aluminiyumu irashobora kunoza imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe bwumuyaga, hamwe no kwangirika kwangirika kwamavuta, kandi ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byo mu kirere.

Nanometeroytrium aluminiumgarnet ikoporora hamweokiside neodymiumitanga imirongo migufi ya laser, ikoreshwa cyane munganda zo gusudira no gukata ibikoresho bito bifite uburebure buri munsi ya 10mm.

Nd: YAG laser inkoni

Mubikorwa byubuvuzi, nanoytrium aluminiumgarnet laseri yometse kuri nanoIsuku ryinshi 99,9% Neodymium Oxide CAS No 1313-97-9 (epomaterial.com)zikoreshwa aho gukoresha ibyuma byo kubaga kugirango bakureho ibikomere byo kubaga cyangwa kwanduza.

Neodymiumikirahuri gikozwe mukongeramookiside neodymiumkugeza ikirahure gishonga.Mubisanzwe, lavender igaragara kurineodymiumikirahuri munsi yizuba cyangwa urumuri rwinshi, ariko bigaragara ubururu bwerurutse munsi yumucyo wa fluorescent.Neodymiumirashobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya amabara meza yikirahure nka violet yera, burgundy, nizuba ryinshi.

Neodymiumikirahure

Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga no kwagura no kwagura ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ku isi,neodymiumizaba ifite umwanya mugari wo gukoresha.